Incidencia y factores de riesgo de retinopatía de la prematuridad en el servicio de neonatología del hospital Belén de Trujillo

Determinar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo asociados con la retinopatía en recién nacidos prematuros en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo correlacional, analítico, seccional transversal. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 203 recién nacidos prematuros según criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos distribuidos en dos grupos: con y sin retinopatía de la prematuridad. Resultados: El análisis estadístico sobre las variables en estudio como factores asociados a retinopatia fue: Oxigenoterapia (p<0.001). Bajo peso (p<0.001). Edad gestacional (p<0.001). Retardo de crecimiento intrauterino (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La oxigenoterapia, el bajo peso, la edad gestacional, el retardo de crecimiento intrauterino son factores de riesgo asociados con la retinopatía en recién nacidos prematuros.Determine the incidency and risk factors asociated to premature rethinopaty in premature newborns at Trujillo Belen Hospital. Material and Methods: We made an correlacional, analytic, transversal, study. The population were integrated by 203 premature newborns according to inclusion and exclusion criteria set divided into two groups: with and without prematurity rethinopaty. Results: The estadistical analysis about the variables in study like risk factors to prematurity rethinopaty were: Oxigenotherapy (p<0.001), degree of low weight at birth (p<0.001), gestacional age (p<0.001), intrauterine growht restriction (p<0.001). Conclusions: The Oxigenotherapy, degree of low weight at birth, gestacional age, intrauterine growht and restriction are risk factors asociated to premature rethinopaty in premature newbornsTesi

Factores de riesgo para conversión de apendicectomía laparoscópica en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca periodo 2019-2021

La apendicectomía laparoscópica es una intervención quirúrgica realizada con frecuencia en los ambientes de cirugía general de nuestros hospitales y se encuentra asociada con una proporción importante de complicaciones con el consecuente costo sanitario y en ocasiones puede estar asociada con un incremento en el riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria, es por ello que reviste importancia el reconocimiento de aquellas variables que permitan predecir la necesidad de conversión de técnica quirúrgica hacia la apendicetomía convencional5 . En este sentido existen reportes que reconocen a algunos factores que pueden predecir la aparición de desenlaces adversos en este tipo de pacientes, es por ello que nos planteamos explorar la utilidad de estas variables en su relación con la aparición de conversión de técnica a cirugía abierta en este contexto quirúrgico en particular

Educación, paz y derechos humanos: ensayos y experiencias

Los trabajos compilados se organizan en tres apartados. El primero, "La educación para la paz y los derechos humanos", integra trabajos sobre el discurso individualista y los derechos de los excluidos, las tareas pendientes de investigación, y las intuiciones y certezas sobre la educación para la paz. El segundo apartado, "La educación para la paz y los derechos humanos en la educación formal", presenta algunas experiencias, como son la yugoslava, la de una escuela wixarika, y la de una escuela en el Estado de México. El tercer apartado, "La educación para la paz y los derechos humanos en la educación no formal", integra experiencias desarrolladas en grupos de derechos humanos, de teatro popular, de la cultura nahua y organismos de la sociedad civil

Effectiveness of a nationwide COVID-19 vaccination program in Mexico against symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalizations, and death: a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Vaccination has been effective in ameliorating the impact of COVID-19. Here, we report vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the nationally available COVID-19 vaccines in Mexico. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a COVID-19 surveillance system to assess the VE of the BNT162b2, messenger RNA (mRNA)-12732, Gam-COVID-Vac, Ad5-nCoV, Ad26.COV2.S, ChAdOx1, and CoronaVac vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and death in Mexico. The VE was estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models in vaccinated and unvaccinated adults, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities. VE was also estimated for adults with diabetes, aged ≥60 years, and comparing the predominance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.519 and B.1.617.2. Results: We assessed 793,487 vaccinated and 4,792,338 unvaccinated adults between December 24, 2020 and September 27, 2021. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was the highest for fully vaccinated individuals with mRNA-12732 (91.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 90.3-92.4) and Ad26.COV2.S (82.2%, 95% CI 81.4-82.9); for COVID-19 hospitalization, BNT162b2 (84.3%, 95% CI 83.6-84.9) and Gam-COVID-Vac (81.4% 95% CI 79.5-83.1), and for mortality, BNT162b2 (89.8%, 95% CI 89.2-90.2) and mRNA-12732 (93.5%, 95% CI 86.0-97.0). The VE decreased for all vaccines in adults aged ≥60 years, people with diabetes, and periods of Delta variant predominance. Conclusion: All the vaccines implemented in Mexico were effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and death. Mass vaccination with multiple vaccines is useful to maximize vaccination coverage

Anáfora: revista literaria de humanidades

19 páginas ; ilustracionesColección HumanidadesEl segundo número de Anáfora, se reúnen sonetos creados por los estudiantes del cuarto semestre, generados en la materia de Literatura II, como parte del ejercicio creativo a partir de la teoría revisada en clase. Por otro lado, también se integran pinturas creadas por los jóvenes, realizadas en el taller de dibujo y pintura

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac