Parámetros poblacionales, fecundidad y tasa sexual de líneas puras y genéticamente variables de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Mediante la comparación de sus parámetros poblacionales, fecundidad y tasa sexual, se evaluó el desempeño de cuatro poblaciones de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley: dos líneas puras altamente endogámicas (98%) con bajo y alto desempeño (2 y 43 respectivamente) y dos líneas genéticamente variables (producto de la combinación de 26 líneas puras) con 2 y 40 generaciones. Los resultados muestran que tanto en los parámetros poblacionales Ro, T, ? y rm, como en la fecundidad, la línea  genéticamente variable con dos generaciones presenta los mejores resultados seguido de la genéticamente variable con 40 generaciones, después se ubica a la línea 43 y por último a la línea pura 2. Se compara la fecundidad y proporción sexual observada a las 48 h y total. La fecundidad a las 48 h no presenta diferencias significativas en entre las líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43. La proporción sexual observada a las 48 h, no presenta diferencias significativas entre las dos líneas genéticamente variables y la línea pura 43, relación que cambia en la proporción sexual total, donde se observó que las líneas genéticamente variables producen un mayor número de machos en los días subsecuentes

Entomopathogenic nematology in Latin America: A brief history, current research and future prospects

Since the 1980s, research into entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in Latin America has produced many remarkable discoveries. In fact, 16 out of the 117 recognized species of EPNs have been recovered and described in the subcontinent, with many more endemic species and/or strains remaining to be discovered and identified. In addition, from an applied perspective, numerous technological innovations have been accomplished in relation to their implementation in biocontrol. EPNs have been evaluated against over 170 species of agricultural and urban insects, mites, and plant-parasitic nematodes under laboratory and field conditions. While much success has been recorded, many accomplishments remain obscure, due to their publication in non-English journals, thesis dissertations, conference proceedings, and other non-readily available sources. The present review provides a brief history of EPNs in Latin America, including current findings and future perspectives.Fil: San Blas, Ernesto. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Campos Herrera, Raquel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Dolinski, Claudia. Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro; BrasilFil: Monteiro, Caio. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Andaló, Vanessa. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Leite, Luis Garrigós. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Rodríguez, Mayra G.. Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria; CubaFil: Morales Montero, Patricia. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas; VenezuelaFil: Sáenz Aponte, Adriana. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Cedano, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; PerúFil: López Nuñez, Juan Carlos. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones del Café; ColombiaFil: del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Doucet, Marcelo Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Lax, Paola. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; ArgentinaFil: Navarro, Patricia D.. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; ChileFil: Báez, Francisco. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Llumiquinga, Pablo. Instituto Nacional Autonomo de Investigaciones Agropecuarias; EcuadorFil: Ruiz Vega, Jaime. Instituto Politécnico Nacional ; MéxicoFil: Guerra Moreno, Abby. Laboratorio de Biotecnología; PanamáFil: Stock, S. Patricia. University of Arizona; Estados Unido

La diversidad genética de Capsicum annuum de México

El chile es un recurso multifácetico, se utiliza como condimento, verdura y colorante en las cocinas del mundo, y tiene, además, diferentes usos industriales que generan fuertes divisas. Aunque se cultiva en diversas regiones del planeta, en el continente americano tiene su centro de origen y es donde se encuentra su mayor diversidad morfológica. En México se cultivan cuatro especies: Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinensis y C. pubescens y es centro de domesticación y diversificación de..

Digestibilidade in vitro e in situ de três forrageiras tropicais colhidas manualmente e por vacas fistuladas no esôfago = In vitro and in situ digestibility of three tropical forages collected manually and by esophageal fistulated cows

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade in vitro (DIV) e in situ da matéria seca (MS) e “in situ” da proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), celulose e hemicelulose das gramíneas Colonião (Pannicum maximum) (COL), Brachiaria decumbens (BRACH) e Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) (NAP) de amostras colhidasmanualmente e por vacas portadoras de cânula no esôfago. A DIV-MS das gramíneas colhidas, manualmente, foi de 64% para NAP, 63% para BRACH e 55% para COL. A fração insolúvel potencialmente degradável (%) e a taxa de degradação (% h-1) das gramíneas NAP, BRACH e COL foram, respectivamente, de 62,8 e 6,4; 64,7 e 5,0 e 65,7 e 4,0 para a MS;62,0 e 4,2; 62,6 e 3,0 e 70,8 e 2,6 para a PB; 77,2 e 6,3; 75,5 e 4,9 e 70,1 e 3,7 para a FDN. Concluiu-se que a oferta de forragem estudada permitiu aos bovinos seleção dos alimentos de forma a se obter dietas com valores nutritivos superiores aos disponíveis nas pastagens e que para o sistema de pastejo contínuo com carga animal variável, a gramínea Napier mostrou-se mais digestível, seguida pela Braquiária e pelo Colonião que apresentou os menores parâmetros de degradação ruminal.<br><br>This study evaluated in vitro (IV) and in situ dry mater (DM) digestibility, as well as in situ crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose degradability of Colonião (Pannicum maximum) (COL), Brachiaria decumbens (BRACH), and Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) (NAP) grasses. The grasses were collected manually and from esophagealfistulated cows. The IV-DM digestibility of the manually collected samples were 64% for NAP, 63% for BRACH and 55% for COL. The insoluble potentially degradable fraction (%) and the degradation rate (% h-1) of NAP, BRACH and COL grasses were 62.8 and 6.4,64.7 and 5.0, and 65.7 and 4.0 for DM; 62.0 and 4.2, 62.6 and 3.0, and 70.8 and 2.6 for CP; 77.2 and 6.3, 75.5 and 4.9, and 70.1 and 3.7 for NDF, respectively. It was concluded that forage availability was adequate and allowed forage selection by cattle, as the selected dietwas more nutritive than the manually collected grass. For pasture systems with variable animal weight per hectare, Napier grass had higher digestibility, followed by Brachiaria and Colonião, which showed the lowest degradation values

Digestibilidade in vitro e in situ de três forrageiras tropicais colhidas manualmente e por vacas fistuladas no esôfago - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v30i2.4701

This study evaluated in vitro (IV) and in situ dry mater (DM) digestibility, as well as in situ crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fiber, cellulose and hemicellulose degradability of Colonião (Pannicum maximum) (COL), Brachiaria decumbens (BRACH), and Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) (NAP) grasses. The grasses were collected manually and from esophageal fistulated cows. The IV-DM digestibility of the manually collected samples were 64% for NAP, 63% for BRACH and 55% for COL. The insoluble potentially degradable fraction (%) and the degradation rate (% h-1) of NAP, BRACH and COL grasses were 62.8 and 6.4, 64.7 and 5.0, and 65.7 and 4.0 for DM; 62.0 and 4.2, 62.6 and 3.0, and 70.8 and 2.6 for CP; 77.2 and 6.3, 75.5 and 4.9, and 70.1 and 3.7 for NDF, respectively. It was concluded that forage availability was adequate and allowed forage selection by cattle, as the selected diet was more nutritive than the manually collected grass. For pasture systems with variable animal weight per hectare, Napier grass had higher digestibility, followed by Brachiaria and Colonião, which showed the lowest degradation values.Avaliou-se a digestibilidade in vitro (DIV) e in sit

Los chiles que le dan sabor al mundo

El chile es el condimento de la vida en diversas culturas del mundo. México es centro de origen y diversificación de la especie domesticada Capsicum annuum L, por lo que el chile se convirtió en elemento identitario y patrimonio biocultural de la nación. A pesar de la importancia de esta planta, desde la academia, se tienen pocos estudios integradores que analicen las complejas relaciones entre los chiles y los diferentes factores bióticos, abióticos y socioculturales que hacen posible su permanencia en el tiempo y el espacio. Este libro está conformado por 21 contribuciones de diversas mentes creativas como cocineras tradicionales, chefs, así como investigadoras e investigadores de las ciencias naturales y sociales que describen y analizan al chile mexicano con diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas y narrativas. Las evidencias presentadas desde diferentes disciplinas resaltan el uso continuo del chile como un condimento, alimento y elemento identitario en esta región del mundo. Queremos que el público lector disfrute de nuestro picante y -esperemos- sabroso compendio

Measurement of the angle between jet axes in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

This letter presents the first measurement of the angle between different jet axes (denoted as ΔR) in Pb−Pb collisions. The measurement is carried out in the 0−10% most-central events at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. Jets are assembled by clustering charged particles at midrapidity using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and 0.4 and transverse momenta in the intervals 40<pchjetT<140 GeV/c and 80<pchjetT<140 GeV/c, respectively. Measurements at these low transverse momenta enhance the sensitivity to quark−gluon plasma (QGP) effects. A comparison to models implementing various mechanisms of jet energy loss in the QGP shows that the observed narrowing of the Pb−Pb distribution relative to pp can be explained if quark-initiated jets are more likely to emerge from the medium than gluon-initiated jets. These new measurements discard intra-jet pT broadening as described in a model calculation with the BDMPS formalism as the main mechanism of energy loss in the QGP. The data are sensitive to the angular scale at which the QGP can resolve two independent splittings, favoring mechanisms that incorporate incoherent energy loss

Multiplicity and event-scale dependent flow and jet fragmentation in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV and in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

Long- and short-range correlations for pairs of charged particles are studied via two-particle angular correlations in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV and p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The correlation functions are measured as a function of relative azimuthal angle Δφ and pseudorapidity separation Δη for pairs of primary charged particles within the pseudorapidity interval |η|<0.9 and the transverse-momentum interval 1<pT<4 GeV/c. Flow coefficients are extracted for the long-range correlations (1.6<|Δη|<1.8) in various high-multiplicity event classes using the low-multiplicity template fit method. The method is used to subtract the enhanced yield of away-side jet fragments in high-multiplicity events. These results show decreasing flow signals toward lower multiplicity events. Furthermore, the flow coefficients for events with hard probes, such as jets or leading particles, do not exhibit any significant changes compared to those obtained from high-multiplicity events without any specific event selection criteria. The results are compared with hydrodynamic-model calculations, and it is found that a better understanding of the initial conditions is necessary to describe the results, particularly for low-multiplicity events

Enhanced deuteron coalescence probability in jets

The transverse-momentum (pT) spectra and coalescence parameters B2 of (anti)deuterons are measured in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV for the first time in and out of jets. In this measurement, the direction of the leading particle with the highest pT in the event (pleadT>5 GeV/c) is used as an approximation for the jet axis. The event is consequently divided into three azimuthal regions and the jet signal is obtained as the difference between the Toward region, that contains jet fragmentation products in addition to the underlying event (UE), and the Transverse region, which is dominated by the UE. The coalescence parameter in the jet is found to be approximately a factor of 10 larger than that in the underlying event. This experimental observation is consistent with the coalescence picture and can be attributed to the smaller average phase-space distance between nucleons inside the jet cone as compared to the underlying event. The results presented in this Letter are compared to predictions from a simple nucleon coalescence model, where the phase space distributions of nucleons are generated using PYTHIA 8 with the Monash 2013 tuning, and to predictions from a deuteron production model based on ordinary nuclear reactions with parametrized energy-dependent cross sections tuned on data. The latter model is implemented in PYTHIA 8.3. Both models reproduce the observed large difference between in-jet and out-of-jet coalescence parameters, although the almost flat trend of the BJet2 is not reproduced by the models, which instead give a decreasing trend