Pigou’s Dividend versus Ramsey’s Dividend in the Double Dividend Literature

This paper deals with the welfare analysis of green tax reforms. The aims of this paper are to highlight misinterpretations of policy assessments in the double dividend literature, to specify which of the efficiency costs and benefits should be ascribed to each dividend, and then, to propose a definition for the first dividend and the second dividend. We found the Pigou’s dividend more appropriate for policy guidance, in contrast to the Ramsey’s dividend usually found in mainstream literature. Therefore, we take up some authors’ recent claims about the need of unambiguous and operative definitions of these dividends both for empirical purposes, and political advice. Finally, the paper analyzes a green tax reform for the US economy to illustrate the advantages of our definitions for policy assessment. The new definitions proposed in this paper i) overcome some shortcoming of the mainstream current definitions in the literature regarding overestimation of the efficiency costs; and, ii) provide information by themselves and not as a partial view of the whole picture.Double Dividend, Green Tax Reforms, Ramsey’s Dividend, Pigou’s Dividend

Pigou's Dividend versus Ramsey's Dividend in the Double Dividend Literature

The aims of this paper are to highlight misinterpretations of policy assessments in the double dividend literature, to specify which of the efficiency costs and benefits should be ascribed to each dividend, and then, to propose a definition for the first dividend and the second dividend. We found the Pigou's dividend more appropiate for policy guidance than the usual Ramsey's dividend. Finally, the paper analyzes a green tax reform for the US economy to illustrate the advantages of the new definitions proposed in this paper: i) overcome some shortcoming of the mainstream current definitions in the literature regarding overestimation of the efficiency costs; and, ii) provide information by themselves and not as a partial view of the whole picture.Double dividend, Green Tax Reforms, Ramsey's dividend, Pigou's dividend

Noise reduction using wavelet cycle spinning: analysis of useful periodicities in the z-transform domain

Cycle spinning (CS) and a'trous algorithms are different implementations of the undecimated wavelet transform (UWT). Both algorithms can be used for UWT and even though the resulting wavelet coefficients are different, they keep a correspondence. This paper describes an analysis of the CS algorithm performed in the z-transform domain, showing the similarities and differences with the a'trous implementation. CS generates more wavelet coefficients than a'trous, but the number of significative and different coefficients is the same in both cases because of the occurrence of a periodic repetition in CS coefficients. Mathematical expressions for the relationship between CS and a'trous coefficients and for CS coefficient periodicities are provided in the z-transform domain. In some wavelet denoising applications, periodicities (present in the coefficients of the CS procedure) can also be found in the performance measure of the processed signals. In particular, in ultrasonic CS denoising applications, periodicities have been appreciated in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the ultrasonic denoised signals. These periodicities can be used to optimize the number of CS coefficients for an efficient implementation. Two examples showing the periodicities in the SNR are included. A selection of several reduced sets of CS wavelet coefficients has been utilized in the examples, and the SNRs resulting after denoising are analyzed.This work was partially supported by Spanish MCI Project DPI2011-22438 and MEC Project TIN2013-47272-C2-1-R. The translation of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Rodríguez-Hernández, MA.; San Emeterio, JL. (2016). Noise reduction using wavelet cycle spinning: analysis of useful periodicities in the z-transform domain. Signal, Image and Video Processing. 10(3):519-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-015-0762-8S519526103Daubechies, I.: Ten Lectures on Wavelets. 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New methods for quasi-interpolation approximations: resolution of odd-degree singularities

In this paper, we study functional approximations where we choose the so-called radial basis function method and more specifically, quasi-interpolation. From the various available approaches to the latter, we form new quasi-Lagrange functions when the orders of the singularities of the radial function's Fourier transforms at zero do not match the parity of the dimension of the space, and therefore new expansions and coefficients are needed to overcome this problem. We develop explicit constructions of infinite Fourier expansions that provide these coefficients and make an extensive comparison of the approximation qualities and - with a particular focus - polynomial precision and uniform approximation order of the various formulae. One of the interesting observations concerns the link between algebraic conditions of expansion coefficients and analytic properties of localness and convergence

Saline slag waste as an aluminum source for the synthesis of Zn–Al–Fe–Ti layered double-hydroxides as catalysts for the photodegradation of emerging contaminants

In this work, aluminum extracted from saline slag waste is valorized to create a layered double-hydroxide series containing zinc and various proportions of aluminum/titanium. Materials were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with an Me2+/Me3+ molar ratio of 3:1 and tested for the removal of diclofenac and salicylic acid from water under UV radiation. The incorporation of 5 wt% iron by wet impregnation is evaluated. In addition, another series of zinc, aluminum/iron materials with and without 5 wt% impregnated titanium are tested as catalysts for comparison. Structural characterization and comparison of the two series was performed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) measurements. The uncalcinated samples had a typical hydrotalcite structure with a high crystallinity; the presence of ZnO, ZnFe2O4 or Fe3O4 was found after calcination. The specific surface areas of the dried samples ranged from 78 to 199 m2/g, being highest for Zn6Al0.5Ti1.5. Overall, the results showed that the ZnAlTi series were more effective catalysts than ZnAlFe for photodegradation of the emerging contaminants diclofenac and salicylic acid, under UV light at 298 K, considering two concentrations of the organic molecules (5 and 50 μmol/dm3

Progress in the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solution using layered double hydroxides as adsorbents: A review

Emerging contaminants and, among them, pharmaceutical compounds, have a significant impact on water ecosystems. Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH), being easy to synthesize and cheap materials, have recently gained attention as adsorbents in aqueous solutions. This work describes the latest research performed in the adsorption capacity of LDH towards both antibiotics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) describing and analyzing the synthesis conditions (Me2+:Me3+ molar ratio, calcination temperature, choice of metals for the memory effect), kinetics and isotherm models used, use of support (more practical in a 3D over a 2D form), temperature effect and several techniques for the recovery of the adsorbents. LDH exhibited great performance and potential as clean adsorbents for these emerging contaminant

Asymptotic analysis of the Gunn effect with realistic boundary conditions

A general asymptotic analysis of the Gunn effect in n-type GaAs under general boundary conditions for metal-semiconductor contacts is presented. Depending on the parameter values in the boundary condition of the injecting contact, different types of waves mediate the Gunn effect. The periodic current oscillation typical of the Gunn effect may be caused by moving charge-monopole accumulation or depletion layers, or by low- or high-field charge-dipole solitary waves. A new instability caused by multiple shedding of ~low-field! dipole waves is found. In all cases the shape of the current oscillation is described in detail: we show the direct relationship between its major features ~maxima, minima, plateaus, etc.! and several critical currents ~which depend on the values of the contact parameters!. Our results open the possibility of measuring contact parameters from the analysis of the shape of the current oscillationPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version