Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole, the main product of Eucalyptus oils

The forest industry in Uruguay has grown considerably during the last decade. Eucalyptus plantations account for 74% of the forested land, with Eucalyptus globulus being the most widely distributed species. This industry is dedicated exclusively to the production of wood without exploiting the by-products (leaves and small branches). Eucalyptus leaves are known to contain important amounts of essential oils composed primarily of 1,8-cineole (1,3,3-trymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). In this work, the biotransformation of 1,8-cineole, is achieved using a native bacterium ( Rhodococcus sp.) which was isolated from the soil of Eucalyptus forest. A 98% of bioconversion was achieved. Three different optically pure compounds were obtained, and they were identified as 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole, 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and 2-oxo-1,8-cineole

Biotransformation of 1,8-cineole, the main product of Eucalyptus oils

The forest industry in Uruguay has grown considerably during the last decade. Eucalyptus plantations account for 74% of the forested land, with Eucalyptus globulus being the most widely distributed species. This industry is dedicated exclusively to the production of wood without exploiting the by-products (leaves and small branches). Eucalyptus leaves are known to contain important amounts of essential oils composed primarily of 1,8-cineole (1,3,3-trymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). In this work, the biotransformation of 1,8-cineole, is achieved using a native bacterium ( Rhodococcus sp.) which was isolated from the soil of Eucalyptus forest. A 98% of bioconversion was achieved. Three different optically pure compounds were obtained, and they were identified as 2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole, 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole and 2-oxo-1,8-cineole

Evaluaci\uf3n de un detergente en base a benceno sulfonato de sodio para el control de la mosquita blanca Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) y de la ara\uf1ita roja Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) en naranjos y mandarinos

The woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), and the red citrus red mite Panonychus citri (McGregor), are considered serious citrus pests which may cause economic damage, and the use of non selective insecticides increases the problem due to the effect on the natural enemies. To evaluate the use of detergent based on sodium benzene sulfonate on the reduction of whiteflies, mites and natural enemies, experiments were performed in two citrus orchards. The first field trial was carried out on in a mandarin orchard ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) infested by the woolly whitefly at El Palqui (IV Region, Chile). The experiment consisted of the evaluation of two applications of detergent (February 10th and March 3rd, 1998), compared with an untreated control. The results showed significant differences in A. floccosus populations between sprayed and untreated trees from May to July. The mean of parasitized nymphs between March and August was 89.6% in treated trees and 57.1% in untreated trees. The proportion of fruits at harvest with sooty mould was lower on untreated trees compared with the control, 2.3% and 45.5%, respectively. The second field trial was carried out on an orange orchard trees ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), infested by the citrus red miteat Hijuelas (V Region) and included the following applications detergent, chinometionate, mineral oil and water. Chinometionate produced an effective control of the phytophagous mites populations and an almost total elimination of natural enemies such as phytoseiids and the coccinellid Stethorus histrio Chazeau. The application of detergent and mineral oil showed less control compared to the acaricide and less impact on populations of natural enemies.La mosquita blanca Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) y la ara\uf1ita roja Panonychus citri (McGregor) son consideradas plagas que causan da\uf1os econ\uf3micos a los c\uedtricos, y el uso de insecticidas no selectivos aumenta el problema por su efecto sobre los enemigos naturales. Para evaluar el uso del detergente en base a benceno sulfonato de sodio en la reducci\uf3n de mosquitas blancas, ara\uf1itas y sus enemigos naturales se desarrollaron experimentos en dos huertos de c\uedtricos. El primer ensayo fue realizado en un huerto de mandarinos ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) infestado con mosquitas blancas en El Palqui (IV Regi\uf3n). El experimento consisti\uf3 en la evaluaci\uf3n de dos aplicaciones del detergente (10 de febrero y 3 de marzo de 1998), comparado con un control sin aplicaci\uf3n. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la presencia de A. floccosus entre \ue1rboles asperjados y no asperjados, desde mayo a julio. Entremarzo y agosto de 1998 el promedio de ninfas parasitadas en los \ue1rboles tratados fue de 89,6 y de 57,1% en las plantas sin lavar. La proporci\uf3n de frutos manchados con fumagina en la cosecha fue menor en los \ue1rboles asperjados comparados con el control, 2,3 y 45,5%, respectivamente. El segundo ensayo fue realizado en un huerto de naranjos ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) infestado con ara\uf1ita roja de los c\uedtricos en Hijuelas (V Regi\uf3n) y consider\uf3 la aplicaci\uf3n de: detergente, chinometionate, aceite mineral y agua. Chinometionate produjo un efectivo control de las ara\uf1itas fit\uf3fagas y una eliminaci\uf3n casi total de sus enemigos naturales representados por fitoseidos y el coccin\ue9lido Stethorus histrio Chazeau. La aplicaci\uf3n del detergente y el aceite mineral mostraron una actividad inferior al acaricida y un impacto menor sobre las poblaciones de enemigos naturales

Hydrothermal multivariable approach. Full-scale feasibility study

A process configuration combining thermal hydrolysis (TH) and anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge has been studied with the objective of analysing the feasibility of the technology for full scale installations. The study has been performed through pilot scale experiments and energy integration considerations, and a scheme of the most profitable option is presented: thermal hydrolysis unit fed with 7% total solids (TS) secondary sludge, anaerobic digestion of the hydrolysed sludge together with fresh primary sludge, and a cogeneration unit to produce green electricity and provide hot steam for the thermal hydrolysis process. From a technical and practical point of view, the process scheme proposed is considered to be feasible. Based on the results of the pilot plant performance and the laboratory studies, the process has proven to operate successfully at a concentration of 7-8% TS. After the thermal hydrolysis, sludge viscosity becomes radically smaller, and this favours the digesters mixing and performance (40% more biogas can be obtained in nearly half the residence time compared to the conventional digestion). From an economic point of view, the key factors in the energy balance are: the recovery of heat from hot streams, and the concentration of sludge. The article presents the main energy integration schemes and defines the most profitable one: an energetically self-sufficient process, with a cogeneration unit. The scheme proposed has proven to need no additional energy input for the sludge hydrolysis, generates more that 1 MW green electricity (246 kW surplus with respect to the conventional process), and produces 58% less volume of Class A biowaste. The study and balances here presented set the basis for the scale-up to a demonstration plant (hydrolysis + anaerobic digestion + cogeneration unit)

Conclusions of the II International and IV Spanish Hydration Congress. Toledo, Spain, 2nd-4th December, 2015

Water is the major component of our organism representing about 60% of total body weight in adults and has to be obtained through the consumption of different foods and beverages as part of our diet. Water is an essential nutrient performing important functions, including transport of other nutrients, elimination of waste products, temperature regulation, lubrication and structural support. In this context, hydration through water has an essential role in health and wellness, which has been highly acknowledged in recent years among the health community experts such as nutritionists, dietitians, general practitioners, pharmacists, educators, as well as by physical activity and sport sciences experts and the general population

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda y violencia sexual :

Trabajo Fin de Grado-Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Facultad de Psicolog\ueda, 2022En la actualidad, la pornograf\ueda es considerada un problema social; los adolescentes acceden a dicho contenido cada vez m\ue1s pronto y con mayor frecuencia, recibiendo una educaci\uf3n sexual err\uf3nea mediante aprendizaje vicario. Estos comportamientos pueden llevar a adoptar ciertas actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda y a aceptar falsos mitos relacionados con la violencia sexual. El primer objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar la calidad psicom\ue9trica de una escala de actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda. En segundo lugar, conocer las actitudes hacia la misma en poblaci\uf3n espa\uf1ola. En tercer lugar, examinar la relaci\uf3n que existe entre las actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda y la aceptaci\uf3n de ciertos mitos, que culpabilizan a las mujeres v\uedctimas de violaci\uf3n. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un dise\uf1o instrumental y un dise\uf1o descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 500 sujetos. Como resultado del primer objetivo, se propone una estructura bidimensional (rechazo social e individual) en la medici\uf3n de las actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la hip\uf3tesis inicial: existe una relaci\uf3n entre la aceptaci\uf3n de ciertos mitos de violaci\uf3n y actitudes hacia la pornograf\ueda