An in-depth analysis of a TTO's objectives alignment within the university strategy: An ANP-based approach

[EN] This paper presents the application of the Analytic Network Process for the analysis of the contribution of the third mission action plans to the research transfer policies set by the University Governing Body. The model is applied to the case study of the Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) of the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). The paper develops a rigorous decision-making tool that helps TTO managers analyse the effectiveness of TTO activities and their degree of alignment with the institution¿s objectives. This work considers TTO managers¿ qualitative information and value judgments about the activities performed.This work has been funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia PAID-06-2011/2042. The translation of this paper has been funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Aragonés-Beltrán, P.; Poveda Bautista, R.; Jiménez-Sáez, F. (2017). An in-depth analysis of a TTO's objectives alignment within the university strategy: An ANP-based approach. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management. 44:19-43. doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2017.03.002S19434

Using the strategic relative alignment index for the selection of portfolio projects application to a public Venezuelan Power Corporation

In this paper a new approach that uses the alignment of projects with corporate strategic objectives to prioritize project portfolio in an efficient and reliable way is presented. For this purpose, corporate strategic objectives will be used as prioritization criteria to obtain the Relative Alignment Index (RAI) of each project which indicates how close or far each project is from the strategic objectives of the company. The approach presented uses the Analytic Network Process. This technique allows considering the influences among all the elements within the network, that means, the strategic objectives, and specially the projects within a portfolio. The proposed RAI index helps to select the best strategically aligned projects for the organization. The proposed RAI index and its form of evaluation have not previously been considered in the project portfolio literature until now. The research methodology for the development of RAI is based on a combination of a synthesis of the literature across the diverse fields of project management, project alignment, multicriteria decision methods and a parallel analysis of an industrial case study. The use of the proposed RAI index is demonstrated using a rigorous methodology with acceptable complexity which seeks to assist managers of the National Electricity Corporation of Venezuela, recently founded and composed by 13 merging old companies, both public and private, in their yearly resources' assignment on their projects portfolio. The aim being to determine a projects 'ranking based on their degree of alignment to corporate strategy and on the judgments of a group of experts, such as the management board. The new corporation assumed the challenge of setting strategic directions (Mission, Vision, Values, Strategic objectives, Plans, Programs, etc.) common to all merging companies. This approach with multi-stakeholders support allows managers to strategically allocate resources to each project in a consensual way.García-Melón, M.; Poveda Bautista, R.; Del Valle, JL. (2015). Using the strategic relative alignment index for the selection of portfolio projects application to a public Venezuelan Power Corporation. International Journal of Production Economics. 170:54-66. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.08.023S546617

Errors Using Observational Methods for Ergonomics Assessment in Real Practice

[EN] Objective: The degree in which practitioners use the observational methods for musculoskeletal disorder risks assessment correctly was evaluated. Background: Ergonomics assessment is a key issue for the prevention and reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in workplaces. Observational assessment methods appear to be better matched to the needs of practitioners than direct measurement methods, and for this reason, they are the most widely used techniques in real work situations. Despite the simplicity of observational methods, those responsible for assessing risks using these techniques should have some experience and know-how in order to be able to use them correctly. Method: We analyzed 442 risk assessments of actual jobs carried out by 290 professionals from 20 countries to determine their reliability. Results: The results show that approximately 30% of the assessments performed by practitioners had errors. In 13% of the assessments, the errors were severe and completely invalidated the results of the evaluation. Conclusion: Despite the simplicity of observational method, approximately 1 out of 3 assessments conducted by practitioners in actual work situations do not adequately evaluate the level of potential musculoskeletal disorder risks. Application: This study reveals a problem that suggests greater effort is needed to ensure that practitioners possess better knowledge of the techniques used to assess work-related musculoskeletal disorder risks and that laws and regulations should be stricter as regards qualifications and skills required by professionals.This work was supported by the Programa estatal de investigacion, desarrollo e innovacion orientada a los retos de la sociedad of the government of Spain under Grant DPI2016-79042-R.Diego-Mas, JA.; Alcaide Marzal, J.; Poveda Bautista, R. (2017). Errors Using Observational Methods for Ergonomics Assessment in Real Practice. Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 59(8):1173-1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208177234961173118759

Effects of Using Immersive Media on the Effectiveness of Training to Prevent Ergonomics Risks

[EN] In this work, the effects of using immersive media such as virtual reality on the performance of training programs to avoid ergonomics risks are analyzed. The advance of technology has made it possible to use low-cost portable devices able to generate highly immersive experiences in training programs. The effects of using this kind of device in training programs have been studied in several fields such as industrial security, medicine and surgery, rehabilitation, or construction. However, there is very little research on the effects of using immersive media in training workers to avoid ergonomics risk factors. In this study, we compare the effects of using traditional and immersive media in a training program to avoid three common ergonomics risk factors in industrial environments. Our results showed that using immersive media increases the participant's engagement during the training. In the same way, the learning contents are perceived as more interesting and useful and are better remembered over time, leading to an increased perception of the ergonomics risks among workers. However, we found that little training was finally transferred to the workplace three months after the training session.This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, grant number DPI2016-79042-R.Diego-Mas, JA.; Alcaide-Marzal, J.; Poveda Bautista, R. (2020). Effects of Using Immersive Media on the Effectiveness of Training to Prevent Ergonomics Risks. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 17(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072592S118177Perruccio, A. V., Yip, C., Badley, E. M., & Power, J. D. (2017). Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Neglected Group at Public Health and Epidemiology Meetings? American Journal of Public Health, 107(10), 1584-1585. doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303990Merkesdal, S., Ruof, J., Huelsemann, J. L., Mittendorf, T., Handelmann, S., Mau, W., & Zeidler, H. (2005). Indirect cost assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Comparison of data from the health economic patient questionnaire HEQ-RA and insurance claims data. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 53(2), 234-240. doi:10.1002/art.21080Gignac, M. A. M., Cao, X., Lacaille, D., Anis, A. H., & Badley, E. M. (2008). Arthritis-related work transitions: A prospective analysis of reported productivity losses, work changes, and leaving the labor force. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 59(12), 1805-1813. doi:10.1002/art.24085Daniels, K., Gedikli, C., Watson, D., Semkina, A., & Vaughn, O. (2017). Job design, employment practices and well-being: a systematic review of intervention studies. Ergonomics, 60(9), 1177-1196. doi:10.1080/00140139.2017.1303085Burgess-Limerick, R. (2018). Participatory ergonomics: Evidence and implementation lessons. Applied Ergonomics, 68, 289-293. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.009King, P. M., Fisher, J. C., & Garg, A. (1997). Evaluation of the impact of employee ergonomics training in industry. Applied Ergonomics, 28(4), 249-256. doi:10.1016/s0003-6870(96)00067-1Burke, M. J., Sarpy, S. A., Smith-Crowe, K., Chan-Serafin, S., Salvador, R. O., & Islam, G. (2006). Relative Effectiveness of Worker Safety and Health Training Methods. American Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 315-324. doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.059840Ricci, F., Chiesi, A., Bisio, C., Panari, C., & Pelosi, A. (2016). Effectiveness of occupational health and safety training. Journal of Workplace Learning, 28(6), 355-377. doi:10.1108/jwl-11-2015-0087Brisson, C., Montreuil, S., & Punnett, L. (1999). Effects of an ergonomic training program on workers with video display units. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 25(3), 255-263. doi:10.5271/sjweh.432Hogan, D. A. M., Greiner, B. A., & O’Sullivan, L. (2014). The effect of manual handling training on achieving training transfer, employee’s behaviour change and subsequent reduction of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. Ergonomics, 57(1), 93-107. doi:10.1080/00140139.2013.862307Yu, W., Yu, I. T. S., Wang, X., Li, Z., Wan, S., Qiu, H., … Sun, T. (2012). Effectiveness of participatory training for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized controlled trial. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 86(4), 431-440. doi:10.1007/s00420-012-0775-3Hoe, V. C., Urquhart, D. M., Kelsall, H. L., Zamri, E. N., & Sim, M. R. (2018). Ergonomic interventions for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck among office workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(10). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008570.pub3Hoe, V. C., Urquhart, D. M., Kelsall, H. L., & Sim, M. R. (2012). Ergonomic design and training for preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb and neck in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008570.pub2Van Eerd, D., Munhall, C., Irvin, E., Rempel, D., Brewer, S., van der Beek, A. J., … Amick, B. (2015). Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73(1), 62-70. doi:10.1136/oemed-2015-102992Korunka, C., Dudak, E., Molnar, M., & Hoonakker, P. (2010). Predictors of a successful implementation of an ergonomic training program. Applied Ergonomics, 42(1), 98-105. doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2010.05.006Foxon, M. (1993). A process approach to the transfer of training. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2). doi:10.14742/ajet.2104Stone, R. T., Watts, K. P., Zhong, P., & Wei, C.-S. (2011). Physical and Cognitive Effects of Virtual Reality Integrated Training. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 53(5), 558-572. doi:10.1177/0018720811413389Berg, L. P., & Vance, J. M. (2016). Industry use of virtual reality in product design and manufacturing: a survey. Virtual Reality, 21(1), 1-17. doi:10.1007/s10055-016-0293-9Mahmood, T., Scaffidi, M. A., Khan, R., & Grover, S. C. (2018). Virtual reality simulation in endoscopy training: Current evidence and future directions. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 24(48), 5439-5445. doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i48.5439Wong, M. A. M. E., Chue, S., Jong, M., Benny, H. W. K., & Zary, N. (2018). Clinical instructors’ perceptions of virtual reality in health professionals’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation education. SAGE Open Medicine, 6, 205031211879960. doi:10.1177/2050312118799602Farra, S. L., Miller, E. T., & Hodgson, E. (2015). Virtual reality disaster training: Translation to practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 15(1), 53-57. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2013.08.017Yin, C. W., Sien, N. Y., Ying, L. A., Chung, S. F.-C. M., & Tan May Leng, D. (2014). Virtual reality for upper extremity rehabilitation in early stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 28(11), 1107-1114. doi:10.1177/0269215514532851Sacks, R., Perlman, A., & Barak, R. (2013). Construction safety training using immersive virtual reality. Construction Management and Economics, 31(9), 1005-1017. doi:10.1080/01446193.2013.828844Zhao, D., & Lucas, J. (2014). Virtual reality simulation for construction safety promotion. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 22(1), 57-67. doi:10.1080/17457300.2013.861853Li, X., Yi, W., Chi, H.-L., Wang, X., & Chan, A. P. C. (2018). A critical review of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications in construction safety. Automation in Construction, 86, 150-162. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2017.11.003Chi, H.-L., Kang, S.-C., & Wang, X. (2013). Research trends and opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and construction. Automation in Construction, 33, 116-122. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2012.12.017Kaufman, R., & Keller, J. M. (1994). Levels of evaluation: Beyond Kirkpatrick. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 5(4), 371-380. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920050408Bates, R. (2004). A critical analysis of evaluation practice: the Kirkpatrick model and the principle of beneficence. Evaluation and Program Planning, 27(3), 341-347. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.04.011Holton, E. F. (1996). The flawed four-level evaluation model. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 7(1), 5-21. doi:10.1002/hrdq.3920070103Axtell, C. M., Maitlis, S., & Yearta, S. K. (1997). Predicting immediate and longer‐term transfer of training. Personnel Review, 26(3), 201-213. doi:10.1108/00483489710161413Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the «laws» of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(5), 625-632. doi:10.1007/s10459-010-9222-yTaber, K. S. (2017). The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296. doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2HARRELL, W. A. (1990). PERCEIVED RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURY: CONTROL OVER PACE OF WORK AND BLUE-COLLAR VERSUS WHITE-COLLAR WORK. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70(3), 1351. doi:10.2466/pms.70.3.1351-1359Clark, R. E. (1983). Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media. Review of Educational Research, 53(4), 445-459. doi:10.3102/00346543053004445Metcalf, S., Chen, J., Kamarainen, A., Frumin, K., Vickrey, T., Grotzer, T., & Dede, C. (2014). Shifts in Student Motivation during Usage of a Multi-User Virtual Environment for Ecosystem Science. International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments, 5(4), 1-16. doi:10.4018/ijvple.201410010

Realidad virtual para la mejora de los procesos formativos de los trabajadores para la prevención de riesgos ergonómicos.

[ES] Junto con los desórdenes mentales, los trastornos músculo-esqueléticos con origen en el trabajo constituyen la principal de causa de enfermedad laboral y absentismo en la actualidad. Existen dos vías de actuación básicas para su disminución: la reingeniería del sistema productivo y la formación del trabajador. Existe un elevado consenso científico en que el empleo de TICs en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje mejora sustancialmente sus resultados. Así pues, la introducción de nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones y el desarrollo de contenidos inmersivos e interactivos pueden mejorar sustancialmente los resultados y la transferencia en la formación de los trabajadores. En este trabajo se han comparado diferentes medios didácticos para la formación de trabajadores con varios niveles de inmersividad e interactividad. Los resultados muestran que la introducción en los procesos formativos de nuevas tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, así como contenidos en formatos de alta inmersión e interactividad, mejoran los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, aumentando el interés del trabajador formado, su grado de aprehensión de conocimientos, y la transferencia de estos a la situación real de trabajo.[EN] Mental disorders and work related musculoskeletal disorders are the main causes of occupational disease and absenteeism. There are two basic ways for its reduction: the reengineering of the productive system and the training of the workers. Previous works showed that the use of new technologies in the teaching-learning processes substantially improves their results. Therefore, using new communication technologies and developing immersive and interactive contents can substantially improve the results. In this work we have compared different didactic media for the training of workers with several levels of immersiveness and interactivity. The results show that using new information and communication technologies in the formative processes of the workers, as well as developing contents with high immersion and interactivity, improve the teaching-learning processes, increasing the interest of the trained worker, their degree of apprehension of knowledge, and the transfer of these knowledge to the real work situation.This work was supported by the Programa estatal de investigación, desarrollo e innovación orientada a los retos de la sociedad of the government of Spain under Grant DPI2016-79042-R.Diego-Mas, JA.; Poveda Bautista, R. (2019). Virtual reality to improve workers' skills for the prevention of ergonomics risks. AEIPRO. 1606-1616. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/181237S1606161

Measuring the Project Management Complexity: The Case of Information Technology Projects

[EN] Complex projects require specific project management (PM) competences development. However, while no complex projects have standards that are recognized to guide their management, complex projects do not have guides to deal with their complexity. To lead complex projects to success, this complexity must be measured quantitatively and, in our opinion, project management complexity assessment should be based on existing PM standards. In this work, the main project complexity assessment approaches based on PM standards are analyzed, observing that International Project Management Association (IPMA) approach is the closest to a tool that can be used as a complexity quantitative measurement system. On the other hand, several authors have shown that the inherent complexity of specific kind of projects must be measured in a particular way. The main objective of this research is to propose a project management complexity assessment tool for IT projects, providing a Complexity Index that measures the impact that complexity factors inherent to IT projects have under a specific complexity scenario. The tool combines the use of complexity factors defined by IPMA approach and the use of complexity factors found in the literature to manage inherent complexity of IT projects. All these factors were validated by expert survey and the tool was applied to a study case.Poveda Bautista, R.; Diego-Mas, JA.; Leon Medina, DA. (2018). Measuring the Project Management Complexity: The Case of Information Technology Projects. Complexity. 2018:1-19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6058480S119201

Assessment of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Citrus Orchards Using AHP

[EN] Irrigation water use efficiency, the small size of the orchards, and part-time farmers are major issues for Spanish citriculture. How should irrigation water use efficiency be assessed? Does irrigation water use efficiency improve when increasing the size of the orchards? Are full-time farmers more efficient in irrigation water use than part-time ones? To address these three questions, we propose to apply a new multicriteria approach based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique and the participation of a group of experts. A new synthetic irrigation efficiency index (IEI) was proposed and tested using data from an irrigation community (IC) and a cooperative of farmers in the East of Spain. The results showed that the size of the orchards had no relation with the IEI scoring but full-time farmers tended to have better IEI scores and, thus, were more efficient. These results were obtained from a sample of 24 orchards of oranges, navelina variety, growing in a very similar environment, and agronomical characteristics. The proposed methodology can be a useful benchmarking tool for improving the irrigation water management in other ICs taking into account the issues related to farm data sharing recorded during the case study.The APC was funded by the Project 2019ES06RDEI7346 Improving the use of water and energy in modernized irrigation of fruit trees (GO InnoWater), funded by the Spanish Rural Development Program (2014-2020): EAFRD and MAPA.Poveda Bautista, R.; Roig-Merino, B.; Puerto, H.; Buitrago Vera, JM. (2021). Assessment of Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Citrus Orchards Using AHP. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health (Online). 18(11):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115667S114181

Closing the gender gap at academic conferences: A tool for monitoring and assessing academic events

The importance of participation in academic conferences is well known for members of the scientific community. It is not only for the feedback and the improvement of the work, it is also about career development, building networks and increasing visibility. Nevertheless, women continue to be under-represented in these academic events and even more so in the most visible positions such as speaking roles. This paper presents the development of a tool based on performance indicators, which will allow monitoring and evaluating gender roles and inequalities in academic conferences in order to tackle the underrepresentation of women. The study identifies relevant perspectives (participation, organizational structure and attitudes) and designs specific lists of performance indicators for each of them. The tool is based on a combination of two multicriteria techniques, Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Hierarchy Process Sort, and a qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews and information gathered from a focus group. The use of the AHP multi-criteria decision technique has allowed us to weight the indicators according to the opinion of several experts, and with them to be able to generate from these weightings composite indicators for each of the three dimensions. The most relevant indicators were for the participation dimension. Additionally, the tool developed has been applied to an academic conference which has been monitored in real time. The results are shown as a traffic light visualization approach, where red means bad performance, yellow average performance and green good performance, helping us to present the results for each indicator. Finally, proposals for improvement actions addressed to the red indicators are explained. The work carried out highlights the need to broaden the study of gender equality in academic conferences, not only regarding the participation but also the performance of different roles and functions.Grant Number OR2019-60221 Funder: Open Society Foundations Programme: Open Society Initiative for Europe Award: Expanding the Female Talent Pipeline in Europe https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org

Competitiveness measurement system in the advertising sector

In this paper a new approach to find indicators that can be used to measure companies’ competitiveness and performance in an efficient and reliable way is presented. The aim is to assist managers of companies within a specific industrial sector by providing information about their relative position in the market so as to define better action plans that may improve the company’s performance. The approach combines the use of the Analytic Network Process, a multicriteria decision method, with the Balanced Scorecard. It allows the definition of a number of competitiveness indicators based on the performance and setting of the advertising sector. In this way it is possible to obtain a Competitiveness Index that allows a company to know its relative position with respect to other companies in the sector, and establish a ranking of the companies ordered by their competitiveness level. A case study in the advertising industry of Venezuela is provided. 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Improving Distributed Decision Making in Inventory Management: A Combined ABC-AHP Approach Supported by Teamwork

[EN] The need of organizations to ensure service levels that impact on customer satisfaction has required the design of collaborative processes among stakeholders involved in inventory decision making. The increase of quantity and variety of items, on the one hand, and demand and customer expectations, on the other hand, are transformed into a greater complexity in inventory management, requiring effective communication and agreements between the leaders of the logistics processes. Traditionally, decision making in inventory management was based on approaches conditioned only by cost or sales volume. These approaches must be overcome by others that consider multiple criteria, involving several areas of the companies and taking into account the opinions of the stakeholders involved in these decisions. Inventory management becomes part of a complex system that involves stakeholders from different areas of the company, where each agent has limited information and where the cooperation between such agents is key for the system's performance. In this paper, a distributed inventory control approach was used with the decisions allowing communication between the stakeholders and with a multicriteria group decision-making perspective. This work proposes a methodology that combines the analysis of the value chain and the AHP technique, in order to improve communication and the performance of the areas related to inventory management decision making. This methodology uses the areas of the value chain as a theoretical framework to identify the criteria necessary for the application of the AHP multicriteria group decision-making technique. These criteria were defined as indicators that measure the performance of the areas of the value chain related to inventory management and were used to classify ABC inventory of the products according to these selected criteria. Therefore, the methodology allows us to solve inventory management DDM based on multicriteria ABC classification and was validated in a Colombian company belonging to the graphic arts sector.Pérez Vergara, IG.; Arias Sánchez, JA.; Poveda Bautista, R.; Diego-Mas, JA. (2020). Improving Distributed Decision Making in Inventory Management: A Combined ABC-AHP Approach Supported by Teamwork. Complexity. 2020:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6758108S1132020Poveda-Bautista, R., Baptista, D. C., & García-Melón, M. (2012). Setting competitiveness indicators using BSC and ANP. International Journal of Production Research, 50(17), 4738-4752. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.657964Castro Zuluaga, C. A., Velez Gallego, M. C., & Catro Urrego, J. A. (2011). 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