Terminology and ontology development in the domain of Islamic archaeology

International audienceThis paper describes an example regarding the terminology of Islamic pottery artefacts in Portuguese and Spanish in the context of an ongoing Ph D project. The approach followed in this paper places knowledge representation at the core of terminology work. More specifically, the development of an ontology, i.e. a formal and computational conceptualisation, enables the integration of a multilingual termbase in the semantic web as linked data, targeted at experts and students of archaeology. This approach allows for the preservation of linguistic diversity, as reflected by the different linguistic practices engaged by Portuguese and Spanish archaeologists in scholarly communication

The posterior approach for low retrorectal tumors in adults

Background and aims: Retrorectal tumors are uncommon in adults and arise in different tissues in the presacral space. The aim of this study is to evaluate early complete surgical resection by a perineal approach as the therapy-of-choice for tumors under the sacral promontory. Patients and methods: We evaluated the posterior approach, especially intersphincteric and parasacrococcygeal excisions, in terms of resectability, morbidity, risk of recurrence, and anal function. The records of all patients who underwent a posterior surgical procedure in our institution for low-lying retrorectal tumors between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed. Results: Sixteen patients (13 women and three men) were included in this study. The age range was 21 to 57years (median of 37years). Pathological findings included ten tailgut cysts, three teratomas, one leiomyoma, one dermoid cyst, and one schwannoma. Complete tumor resection was obtained in 15 patients. There was one case with a microscopic residual tumor. No postoperative mortality was seen, and a minor complication occurred in one patient. There was no anal dysfunction. The postoperative course was uneventful, with only one tumor recurrence at 5months. The median follow up was 60months (ranging from 18 to 132months). Conclusion: In this study, the posterior approach allows complete resection of low retrorectal tumors, with low morbidity, no incontinence, nearly no recurrence, and no mortalit

Fast In-place Algorithms for Polynomial Operations: Division, Evaluation, Interpolation

We consider space-saving versions of several important operations on univariate polynomials, namely power series inversion and division, division with remainder, multi-point evaluation, and interpolation. Now-classical results show that such problems can be solved in (nearly) the same asymptotic time as fast polynomial multiplication. However, these reductions, even when applied to an in-place variant of fast polynomial multiplication, yield algorithms which require at least a linear amount of extra space for intermediate results. We demonstrate new in-place algorithms for the aforementioned polynomial computations which require only constant extra space and achieve the same asymptotic running time as their out-of-place counterparts. We also provide a precise complexity analysis so that all constants are made explicit, parameterized by the space usage of the underlying multiplication algorithms

extraction and representation of Portuguese and Spanish terms in the archaeology of al-Andalus

UID/LIN/03213/2019Cet article se concentre sur les termes des artefacts d’éclairage dans un corpus sur l’archéologie d’al-Andalus. Le but de ce travail est la création d’une ressource terminologique multilingue basée sur une ontologie. La connaissance du domaine est représentée par OntoAndalus, une ontologie OWL qui repose sur DOLCE + DnS Ultralite. Les informations spécifiques à la langue sont représentées par le modèle Lemon, le Modèle lexical pour les ontologies, lequel est en cours de développement par le W3C. Lemon permet la représentation d’informations grammaticales et sémantiques, notamment les relations lexicosémantiques entre les termes et sa référence aux éléments ontologiques dans OntoAndalus.publishersversionpublishe

Sémaphorines et cancers : état des lieux

Les sémaphorines jouent un rôle central dans le guidage axonal, la régénération axonale chez l'adulte et le développement de certains tissus. De plus, la découverte de leur implication dans l'angiogenèse et la réponse immunitaire indique une fonction beaucoup plus large de ces protéines. En 1996, trois études concomitantes ont permis de cloner les gènes codant pour deux de ces protéines, SEMA3B et SEMA3F, dans la région 3p21.3 qui subit de fréquentes pertes d'hétérozygotie dans les cancers du sein et du poumon. L'hypothèse avait alors été émise selon laquelle ces gènes pouvaient être des suppresseurs de tumeurs. Les études ultérieures ont confirmé ce rôle. à l'inverse, d'autres sémaphorines stimuleraient la croissance tumorale. Cet article fait le point sur les dernières connaissances acquises concernant le rôle des sémaphorines dans les cancers. Il souligne en particulier les propriétés anti-migratoires et anti-angiogéniques de ces molécules, qui pourraient jouer un rôle déterminant dans l'inhibition de la formation de métastases.Semaphorins, first described as axon guidance molecules, play an essential role in neural development, angiogenesis and immunological response. In 1996, two semaphorin genes, SEMA3B and SEMA3F, were isolated from chromosomal region 3p21.3 believed to contain a tumor suppressor gene based on frequent loss of heterozygosity in lung and breast cancer. Since these first studies, several semaphorins have been involved in tumor progression. Some semaphorins have been proposed to have pro-tumoral properties, whereas others have been shown to have tumor suppressive activity. This review summarizes the most recent data implicating semaphorins in cancers

Pudendusneuralgie: Anatomisch-chirurgische Aspekte

Zusammenfassung: Anatomie:: Das Perineum wird hauptsächlich von den Nervi pudendi versorgt. Der Nervus pudendus, ein tiefliegender Dammnerv, durchläuft mehrere Zonen, in denen Kompressionen auftreten können: zwischen dem Ligamentum supraspinatum und dem Ligamentum sacrococcygeum, zwischen dem Ligamentum sacrotuberale und dem Ligamentum sacrospinale, im Alcock-Kanal sowie im Bereich des Musculus obturatorius internus. Eine derartige Kompression kann zu einem Schmerzsyndrom im Dammbereich führen. Symptome:: Klinisch äußert sich die Kompression des Nervus pudendus durch neurologische Symptome einer Nervenkompression. Derartige Kompressionen können zu schwer diagnostizierbaren Schmerzzuständen führen. Brennende Schmerzen im Dammbereich, die eindeutig dem Versorgungsgebiet des Nervus pudendus zugeordnet werden können, im Sitzen verstärkt und einseitig auftreten, müssen an eine Kompression des Nervus pudendus denken lassen. Diagnose:: Die Diagnose stützt sich auf Anamnese und Klinik. Elektrophysiologische und bildgebende Untersuchungen dienen dem Ausschluss anderer Pathologien. Die diagnostische Infiltration des Canalis pudendalis kann in 30-40% der Fälle therapeutisch sein. Ein chirurgischer Eingriff zur Dekompression ist in 65-70% der Fälle erfolgreich. Da die Besserung oft nicht sofort eintritt, müssen die Patienten über diese Tatsache präoperativ informiert werden. Eine multidisziplinäre Betreuung ist unerlässlic

Bleeding management in remote environment: the use of fresh whole blood transfusion and lyophilised plasma

To mitigate medical risks in remote environments, the authors have implemented an innovative integrated medical support solution for bleeding management on board ships since 2013. Fresh whole blood transfusion (FWBT) and lyophilised plasma were put in place to address life threatening haemorrhages in maritime operations in the Arctic and Antarctica. The authors are illustrating the bleeding risks with an actual case occurring in Antarctica prior to the implementation of these procedures. They are presenting the different steps involved in the complex process of FWBT, from blood donors’ qualifications to actual transfusions. The pros and cons of blood transfusion in extreme remote environment are discussed, including the training of health care professionals, equipment requirements, legal and ethical issues, decision making in complex blood group matching, medical benefits and risks.

Inhibiting the oncogenic translation program is an effective therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma

Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2017 May 10; 9(389). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2668.Multiple myeloma (MM) is a frequently incurable hematological cancer in which overactivity of MYC plays a central role, notably through up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and translation. To better understand the oncogenic program driven by MYC and investigate its potential as a therapeutic target, we screened a chemically diverse small-molecule library for anti-MM activity. The most potent hits identified were rocaglate scaffold inhibitors of translation initiation. Expression profiling of MM cells revealed reversion of the oncogenic MYC-driven transcriptional program by CMLD010509, the most promising rocaglate. Proteome-wide reversion correlated with selective depletion of short-lived proteins that are key to MM growth and survival, most notably MYC, MDM2, CCND1, MAF, and MCL-1. The efficacy of CMLD010509 in mouse models of MM confirmed the therapeutic relevance of these findings in vivo and supports the feasibility of targeting the oncogenic MYC-driven translation program in MM with rocaglates