Studio dello scavo generato da getti multipli incrociati

La tesi verte su uno studio svolto al fine di analizzare in maniera qualitativa e quantitativa lo scavo e le dune che si generano a valle degli scaricatori di una diga; lo studio prende in considerazione scaricatori multipli e incrociati tra loro. L'analisi qualitativa riguarda le varie morfologie ottenute nei test mentre l'analisi quantitativa prende in considerazione le caratteristiche geometriche degli scavi ottenuti al fine di trovare delle formule analitiche per la ricerca di tali grandezze

Sustainability of technological innovation investiments. Photovoltaic panels case study

as photovoltaic panels. In the case study analysed are shown the benefits obtained from the investments of the central Italy after installing photovoltaic systems. The total expenditure for the electricity purchase is € 52.326, while the total benefit of the investment is € 18.789, equal in percentage to a 53% energy saving over a period of 20 years. The company expeniture in the absence of a photovoltaic system is equal to € 109.03, while in the presence of a plant, considering also all costs incurred for € 93.090, with a percentage of profit on the investment made equal to almost 15% in 20 years

Reverse telescoping in a distal skarn system (Campiglia Marittima, Italy)

The Campiglia Marittima Fe-Cu-Zn-Pb(-Ag) skarn deposit has long been regarded as a reference example of an exoskarn showing a symmetric outward mineralogical zoning of both skarn and ore minerals with respect to an axial mafic porphyry dike. Detailed field and underground mapping, along with three-dimensional reconstruction of the geometries of skarn and magmatic bodies, integrated with new petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical data, argue against this model. The shapes of the skarn bodies and the growth versors of skarn minerals in particular, are ascribed to the focusing of metasomatic fluids in sigmoid-shaped volumes of fractured host marble. After skarn formation, a mafic magma was emplaced, forming dikelets and filling residual pockets in the skarn. Field evidence and geochemical data show that the "hot" mafic magma interacted with the previously formed Zn-Pb(-Ag) skarn, triggering textural reworking and chemical redistribution of Zn-Pb sulfides as well as contributing to a late Fe-Cu mineralization. Campiglia Marittima skarn-ore system behaved at odd: a telescoping process is recorded, yet in a reverse way

Recommended number of strides for automatic assessment of gait symmetry and regularity in above-knee amputees by means of accelerometry and autocorrelation analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Symmetry and regularity of gait are essential outcomes of gait retraining programs, especially in lower-limb amputees. This study aims presenting an algorithm to automatically compute symmetry and regularity indices, and assessing the minimum number of strides for appropriate evaluation of gait symmetry and regularity through autocorrelation of acceleration signals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten transfemoral amputees (AMP) and ten control subjects (CTRL) were studied. Subjects wore an accelerometer and were asked to walk for 70 m at their natural speed (twice). Reference values of step and stride regularity indices (Ad1 and Ad2) were obtained by autocorrelation analysis of the vertical and antero-posterior acceleration signals, excluding initial and final strides. The Ad1 and Ad2 coefficients were then computed at different stages by analyzing increasing portions of the signals (considering both the signals cleaned by initial and final strides, and the whole signals). At each stage, the difference between Ad1 and Ad2 values and the corresponding reference values were compared with the minimum detectable difference, MDD, of the index. If that difference was less than MDD, it was assumed that the portion of signal used in the analysis was of sufficient length to allow reliable estimation of the autocorrelation coefficient.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All Ad1 and Ad2 indices were lower in AMP than in CTRL (P < 0.0001). Excluding initial and final strides from the analysis, the minimum number of strides needed for reliable computation of step symmetry and stride regularity was about 2.2 and 3.5, respectively. Analyzing the whole signals, the minimum number of strides increased to about 15 and 20, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Without the need to identify and eliminate the phases of gait initiation and termination, twenty strides can provide a reasonable amount of information to reliably estimate gait regularity in transfemoral amputees.</p

Gait symmetry and regularity in transfemoral amputees assessed by trunk accelerations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate a method based on a single accelerometer for the assessment of gait symmetry and regularity in subjects wearing lower limb prostheses.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten transfemoral amputees and ten healthy control subjects were studied. For the purpose of this study, subjects wore a triaxial accelerometer on their thorax, and foot insoles. Subjects were asked to walk straight ahead for 70 m at their natural speed, and at a lower and faster speed. Indices of step and stride regularity (Ad1 and Ad2, respectively) were obtained by the autocorrelation coefficients computed from the three acceleration components. Step and stride durations were calculated from the plantar pressure data and were used to compute two reference indices (SI1 and SI2) for step and stride regularity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Regression analysis showed that both Ad1 well correlates with SI1 (<it>R</it>²up to 0.74), and Ad2 well correlates with SI2 (<it>R</it>²up to 0.52). A ROC analysis showed that Ad1 and Ad2 has generally a good sensitivity and specificity in classifying amputee's walking trial, as having a normal or a pathologic step or stride regularity as defined by means of the reference indices SI1 and SI2. In particular, the antero-posterior component of Ad1 and the vertical component of Ad2 had a sensitivity of 90.6% and 87.2%, and a specificity of 92.3% and 81.8%, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The use of a simple accelerometer, whose components can be analyzed by the autocorrelation function method, is adequate for the assessment of gait symmetry and regularity in transfemoral amputees.</p

Timescale of a magmatic-hydrothermal system revealed by 40Ar-39Ar geochronology: the Mio-Pliocene Campiglia Marittima system (Tuscany, Italy)

Petrology and timing of magmatic-hydrothermal systems and the linkage between plutonic and volcanic domains are central topics in geosciences, because of broad implications for natural hazards and exploitation of natural resources. We investigated by the 40Ar-39Ar method the timescale of a well-characterized natural example, the Mio-Pliocene Campiglia Marittima magmatic-hydrothermal system (Tuscany, Italy). 40Ar-39Ar data from pristine and homogeneous trioctahedral micas and sanidine from the plutonic-hydrothermal-subvolcanic-volcanic sequence (from the Botro ai Marmi Granite to the San Vincenzo Rhyolite) record crystallization ages and define a temporal sequence lasting 973 ± 43&nbsp;ka, starting from 5.409 ± 0.043&nbsp;Ma. K-feldspar from mafic and felsic porphyries, unlike micas, are affected by submillimetre, micropore laden, alteration domains consisting of secondary K-feldspar and albite, and yielded staircase-shaped age spectra, compatible with a ternary mixing. Results document that the San Vincenzo Rhyolite consists of two diachronous batches, the first emplaced at 5.0024 ± 0.0062&nbsp;Ma, closely following emplacement of mafic porphyries, the second at 4.4359 ± 0.0045&nbsp;Ma. Bulk of hydrothermal deposits, consisting of skarns and associated Zn-Pb(-Ag) mineralization predating Fe-Cu ore, formed within the first ~ 400-ka lifetime of the whole sequence and was closely followed by the first eruption which should have run out most of the ore-forming potential of the system

Physiological comparison between competitive and beginner high intensity functional training athletes

Introduction: Among high intensity trainings, high intensity functional training (HIFT) represent one of the most recent developments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences between a group of competitive (CMP) HIFT athletes and a group of age- and gender-matched beginner (BGN) HIFT athletes, to clarify the physiological characteristics of each group and the reasons for differences. Methods: 10 BGN (32.5 ± 6.2 years) and 10 CMP (29.0 ± 5.4 years) athletes, were included in the study and were evaluated for anthropometry, VO2peak, lactate threshold, isometric and isokinetic leg maximal power and strength, handgrip and maximal anaerobic power. Results: Compared to BGN athletes, CMP reached higher levels of VO2peak (56.1 ± 2.89 ml·kg-1·min-1 CMP vs. 46.5 ± 6.86 ml·kg-1·min-1 BGN; p .006), while anaerobic capacity did not show significant differences (101.8 ± 9.33 kJ CMP vs. 87.0 ± 28.37 kJ BGN; p = .1). Conclusions: CMP athletes showed greater physiological adaptations in aerobic fitness and strength than BGN. Differences may be attributed to the technical skills acquired by CMP and not only to the physiological adaptations induced by the specific training. The lack of differences in anaerobic capacity is likely due to an early and fast improvement in BGN, compared to other parameters

Physiological profile of high intensity functional training athletes

Introduction: High intensity functional trainings (HIFT) are among the most common and popular training modalities. The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological characteristics of a group of HIFT competitive athletes both in a laboratory and field setting. Methods: Twenty HIFT athletes, 10 men (29 ± 5.3 years) and 10 women (30 ± 3.2 years), were evaluated in the laboratory for anthropometric characteristics, VO2peak, lactate threshold, maximal anaerobic power, maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic strength, and muscle power during a countermovement jump. Athletes were also monitored in the field by measuring VO2 and lactate during a training session. Results: HIFT competitive athletes reached high levels in VO2peak (52.9 ± 5.67 ml·kg-1·min-1 in men; 52.4 ± 6.17 ml·kg-1·min-1 in women), VO2 at lactate threshold (79.7% of VO2peak in men; 74.5% of VO2peak in women), maximal anaerobic power (7.6 ± 1.32 W·kg-1 in men; 5.0 ± 1.13 W·kg-1 in women; p < .05), maximal voluntary knee extension isometric strength (11.7 ± 1.43 N·kg-1 in men; 9.5 ± 2.25 N·kg-1 in women; p < .05) and isokinetic strength (281.4 ± 31.56 N·kg-1 in men; 243.1 ± 44.13 N·kg-1 in women; p < .05), and muscle power during a countermovement jump (54 ± 5.9 W·kg-1 in men; 40 ± 4.8 W·kg-1 in women; p < .05). VO2peak during the on-field training session (50.6 ± 3.82 ml·kg-1·min-1 in men; 51.9 ± 5.76 ml·kg-1·min-1 in women) and lactate production (10.4 ± 0.69 mmol·l-1 in men; 9.7 ± 0.96 mmol·l-1 in women) revealed the high intensity nature of HIFT. Conclusions: Overall, HIFT athletes show exceptional performances in physiological components that are key to many different sports. The lack of specialization in exclusively one domain of physical fitness reveals the comprehensive nature of this training methodology