A Farm Building Evaluation Technique for Tax Assessment

The purpose of this study is to develop a technique which may be used to improve farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota, Since farm buildings contribute in varying amounts to farm productivity, they should be assessed in direct proportion to their contribution. Such a procedure should aid tax assessors to determine accurately the true valuation. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relationship between market price and soil productivity for use in assessment of farm real estate; (2) to establish a ratio of the market value of buildings to land; and (3) to develop a technique for assessment of farm buildings based on relative soil productivity and differences in market price of improved and unimproved farm real estate. The study is designed to facilitate in equalizing tax assessments between farms within a county. As the procedure is adopted in other counties, it will help to equalize assessments between counties

A Farm Building Evaluation Technique for Tax Assessment

The purpose of this study is to develop a technique which may be used to imporove farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota. Since farm buildings assessment procedures in South Dakota. Since farm buildings contribute in varying amounts to farm productivity, they should be assessed in direct proportion to their contribution. Such a procedure should aid tax assessors to determine accurately the true valuation. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relationship between market price and soil productivity for use in assessment of farm real estate; (2) to establish a ratio of the market value of buildings based on relative soil productivity and differences in market price of improved and unimproved farm real estate. The study is designed to facilitate in equalizing tax assessments between farms within a county. As the procedure is adopted in other counties, it will help to equalize assessments between counties

Morphometric approach to many-body correlations in hard spheres

We model the thermodynamics of local structures within the hard sphere liquid at arbitrary volume fractions through the \textit{morphometric} calculation of $n$-body correlations. We calculate absolute free energies of local geometric motifs in excellent quantitative agreement with molecular dynamics simulations across the liquid and supercooled liquid regimes. We find a bimodality in the density library of states where five-fold symmetric structures appear lower in free energy than four-fold symmetric structures, and from a single reaction path predict a relaxation barrier which scales linearly in the compressibility factor. The method provides a new route to assess changes in the free energy landscape at volume fractions dynamically inaccessible to conventional techniques.Comment: 6+17 pages, 3 figure

Morphological thermodynamics for hard bodies from a controlled expansion

The morphometric approach is a powerful ansatz for decomposing the chemical potential for a complex solute into purely geometrical terms. This method has proven accuracy in hard spheres, presenting an alternative to comparatively expensive (classical) density functional theory approaches. Despite this, fundamental questions remain over why it is accurate and how one might include higher-order terms to improve accuracy. We derive the morphometric approach as the exact resummation of terms in the virial series, providing further justification of the approach. The resulting theory is less accurate than previous morphometric theories, but provides fundamental insights into the inclusion of higher-order terms and to extensions to mixtures of convex bodies of arbitrary shape.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Task demands dissociate the effects of muscarinic M-1 receptor blockade and protein kinase C inhibition on attentional performance in rats

The cholinergic system is known to be necessary for normal attentional processing. However, the receptors and mechanisms mediating the effects of acetylcholine on attention remain unclear. Previous work in our laboratory suggested that cholinergic muscarinic receptors are critical for maintaining performance in an attention-demanding task in rats. We examined the role of the muscarinic M-1 receptor and protein kinase C (PKC), which is activated by the M-1 receptor, in attention task performance. Rats were trained in an attention-demanding task requiring discrimination of brief (500, 100, 25 ms) visual signals from trials with no signal presentation. The effects of muscarinic M-1 receptor blockade were assessed by administering dicyclomine (0-5.0 mg/kg). The effects of PKC inhibition were assessed by administering chelerythrine chloride (0-2.0 mg/kg). Dicyclomine decreased the accuracy of detecting longer signals in this attention task, including when attentional demands were increased by flashing a houselight throughout the session. Chelerythrine chloride decreased the accuracy of signal detection in the standard version of the task but not when the houselight was flashed throughout the session. The present findings indicate that muscarinic M-1 receptors are critical for maintaining performance when attentional demands are increased, and that PKC activity may contribute to some aspects of attentional performance

Many-body correlations from integral geometry

In a recent letter we presented a framework for predicting the concentrations of many-particle local structures inside the bulk liquid as a route to assessing changes in the liquid approaching dynamical arrest. Central to this framework was the morphometric approach, a synthesis of integral geometry and liquid state theory, which has traditionally been derived from fundamental measure theory. We present the morphometric approach in a new context as a generalisation of scaled particle theory, and derive several morphometric theories for hard spheres of fundamental and practical interest. Our central result is a new theory which is particularly suited to the treatment of many-body correlation functions in the hard sphere liquid, which we demonstrate by numerical tests against simulation.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure