"IT LOOKS LIKE SOUND!" : DRAWING A HISTORY OF "ANIMATED MUSIC" IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

In the early 1930s, film sound technicians created completely synthetic sound by drawing or photographing patterns on the soundtrack area of the filmstrip. Several artists in Germany, Russia, England, and Canada used this innovation to write what came to be called "animated music" or "ornamental sound." It was featured in a few commercial and small artistic productions and was enthusiastically received by the public. It was heralded as the future of musical composition that could eliminate performers, scores, and abstract notation by one system of graphic sound notation and mechanized playback. Its popularity among mainstream filmmaking did not last long, however, due to its limited development. The artists drawing animated sound were dependent entirely upon their technological medium, and when the sound-on-film system faded from popularity and production, so did their art. By examining from a musicological perspective, for the first time, specific examples of animated music from the work of Norman McLaren, Oskar Fischinger, Rudolph Pfenninger, and several filmmakers in Russia, this thesis enumerates the techniques used in animated sound. It also explores the process of its creation, adaptation, and decline. In doing so, it reveals an important chapter in the little-known early history of modern synthesized sound alongside the futuristic musical ideas it both answered and inspired

Teaching Controversial Issues in American Schools

Robert Kunzman\u27s review of our book is thoughtful and generous. There are numerous points of agreement between us. We indicate a few areas where comments might be helpful to our readers, including our support of pedagogical neutrality, our legal analysis of teachers\u27 rights to free speech, our support of academic freedom for teachers, and the goals of teaching controversial issues

Awe-struck

Awe-struck is an exploration at the intersection of embodied and situated cognition, sight, sense-making and nature with an additional layer of artistic interpretation and emotional response. Adapting elements of Terrapin Bright Green’s biophilic design principles, this work pushes past the well researched benefits of incorporating nature into a designed space, to uncover an individual’s personal connection to an environment. The connection is multi-faceted—layered with observations of space, color and location, filtered through a lense of physical, philosophical and psychological reactions and then translated into an individual personal history. With a specific focus on wild spaces, where humans have designed and affected nature in an attempt to keep it ‘natural,’ this thesis follows a trail through memories and experiential recollections of sights, sounds, movements and trajectories. This journey results in a collection of handwoven textiles that evoke the awe of far off landscapes while maintaining a structural grounding influenced by geometry and architectural spaces. Through the monumentality of hanging panels, the embodied energy of handwoven cloth, and repeated elements and grids that naturally occur in both the weaving process, and in nature itself, the resulting fabrics are a synthesis of these ideas

The transformation of Madison College into James Madison University: A case study

The purposes of this qualitative study were to investigate the transformation of Madison College, a small Virginia women\u27s state teachers college, into James Madison University, a nationally recognized coeducational, comprehensive university, and to examine the effect of President Ronald E. Carrier\u27s charismatic leadership on the transformation. This metamorphosis took place in just twelve years.;The Strategic Planning Model developed by Kotler and Fox in Strategic Marketing for Educational Institutions (1985) was used as a framework to evaluate the strategic plans used by Madison\u27s administrators to change the institution\u27s image. Criteria for charismatic leadership espoused by Burton Clark in The Distinctive College (1970) were used to assess Dr. Carrier\u27s leadership style.;One emphasis of this study was to determine if a formal marketing plan was used to change the college\u27s image. Research confirmed that formal marketing efforts in higher education were virtually unknown in the early 1970s, the time of Madison College\u27s transformation. Strategic plans were used, however, in relation to increasing both the total enrollment and the percentage of male students, creating a men\u27s intercollegiate athletic program, improving and adding academic programs, and expanding the physical plant.;Findings confirm the importance of well-planned strategies for educational institutions attempting to change their images. Additionally, the impact of charismatic leadership as a catalyst for change cannot be overemphasized. A third finding is that a strong institutional saga is critical in helping the revised image to be validated among the institution\u27s publics. Synergy is the most appropriate term to describe how the elements coalesced in the successful transformation of Madison College into James Madison University.;A study of this nature confirms the efficacy of the data-gathering techniques indiginous to qualitative research methods and adds to the growing body of qualitative research being conducted both in education and in marketing case studies. Further research efforts should be undertaken about individual institutions so that more broad-based conclusions can be drawn

Histological distribution of orange G-specific cytoplasmic globules and safranin-aniline blue-specific cytoplasts in the shoot of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Large spherical cellular inclusions in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were selectively stained using aqueous safranin followed by citrate buffered aniline blue-orange G pH 3.5. The globules were stained bright orange. Other cellular inclusions that filled entire cells were brightly stained shades of pink, red, or purple. Tissue fixed in S% glutaraldehyde and 2% calcium acetate revealed the globules and inclusions throughout the shoot. Globules were present in the pith parenchyma cells and in the layer of cortex just outside the vascular tissue from just below the apical meristem to the crown. Globules were also found in parenchyma cells in petioles and in mesophyll cells surrounding vascular tissue in leaves. Cellular inclusions in the form of whole dense protoplasts were more frequently found in a continuous layer just under the epidermis in the stem, and in the leaves were concentrated immediately under the epidermis. Both the globules and whole cell inclusions were also randomly scattered through stem and leaf tissue. Various histochemical tests did not identify the composition of either the globules or the whole cell inclusions, but eliminated polysaccharides, protein, and unsaturated lipids as the major structural components of the globules. Some whole-cell inclusions in fresh sections gave positive reactions for tannin, protein, and polysaccharides

Understanding Video Adoption: An Insider Action Researcher’s Case Study Using the Concerns-Based Adoption Model to Facilitate a Community of Inquiry in Online Courses

This research explored how an insider change agent constructs a holistic understanding of a user’s adoption of video to facilitate the change adoption process and establish a community of inquiry in online courses. The case study was guided by tenets of change theory and constructivism emphasizing the personal and collaborative experience of the change adoption process. The Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) constructs of Stages of Concern (SoC), Levels of Use (LoU) and Innovation Configuration (IC), along with the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model elements of presence aligned with the theoretical frameworks and guided data collection and analysis. Using five iterative action research cycles of plan, act, observe, and reflect, qualitative data descriptions were drawn from quantitative surveys, focused interviews, direct observations, and participant and researcher reflections. Participant profiles were constructed using concerns profiles, levels of use rating, and implementation fidelity. The analysis of data findings were based on collaborative discussions between the researcher and participants and resulted in the development of individualized action plans and targeted interventions for each participant and the researcher

The Potential Iatrogenic Effects of Formal vs. Informal Juvenile Justice System Processing: The Moderating Influence of Callous-Unemotional Traits

Previous research has indicated that adolescents who are formally processed by the juvenile justice system are at a higher risk of worse outcomes, most notably increased risk for subsequent offending and arrests. However, it is unclear whether this effect is due to the processing decision and subsequent involvement with the justice system or whether it is due to characteristics of the adolescents who are formally processed. Further, it is unclear whether formal processing increases the risk for future offending in all adolescents or whether its effects are more pronounced for certain adolescents. In the current study, we tested the predictions that formal processing upon first arrest would increase the risk for offending and rearrest and that this effect would remain even after accounting for key demographic and background variables. Further, we predicted that the adolescents’ level of CU traits would moderate this effect such that formal processing would only increase the risk of offending and rearrest among adolescents who had low CU traits. First-time male juvenile offenders (N = 1,216; M age = 15.12, SD = 1.29) across three geographically distinct sites were assessed at 6-month intervals for 36 months after their initial arrest. Inclusion was based on the adolescent’s offense characteristics, such that the offense resulted in significant discretion to either formally process the youth or divert the youth from the system. As predicted, formal processing increased risk of self-reported offending and official records of rearrests across the follow-up period. Importantly, this effect remained significant for rearrests, even after controlling for key demographic and background characteristics, such as the child’s self-reported lifetime history of delinquency provided at the time of arrest, neighborhood disorder, intelligence, ethnicity, impulse control, peer delinquency, parental education, and parental monitoring. Further, self-reported CU traits assessed immediately following arrest moderated this effect, such that formal processing increased the risk of offending, but only in adolescents low on CU traits. This latter finding has important policy implications in suggesting that the effects of formal processing may have been underestimated in past research for children lower on CU traits

The Bidirectional Effects of Serious Conduct Problems, Anxiety, and Trauma Exposure: Implications for our Understanding of the Development of Callous-Unemotional Traits

The association of anxiety and trauma with childhood conduct problems has long been the focus of research, and more recently this area of research has become critical to understanding the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Research in samples of children and adolescents has indicated that those elevated on both CU traits and anxiety seem to show more severe externalizing behaviors and are more likely to show histories of trauma. These findings have typically been interpreted as being indicative of a unique casual pathway to CU traits in those high on anxiety. However, an alternative explanation is that the higher rates of anxiety and trauma exposure in some youth with elevated CU traits is largely due to their higher levels of conduct problems. The current study recruited a sample of 1,216 justice-involved adolescents (M age = 15.28, SD = 1.28) from three distinct regions of the United States and were assessed at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months, 36 months, 48 months, and 60 months. Using multi-panel cross-lagged and longitudinal mediation analyses, we find evidence that anxiety and victimization are largely the consequence of an adolescent’s antisocial and aggressive behavior and that these externalizing problems explain the link between CU traits and increases in future anxiety and victimization. These results are consistent with a model suggesting that higher levels of externalizing behaviors result in higher levels of anxiety and victimization. Rather than being an indicator of etiological differences between primary and secondary CU variants, the presence of anxiety appears to be a marker of the severity of conduct problems in youth with CU traits. The outcomes of this study inform both theoretical work regarding the development of CU traits and applied work, such as interventions for children with serious conduct problems and CU traits

Three hundred and sixty degrees : a celebration of costume technology

textThree Hundred and Sixty Degrees: A Celebration of Costume Technology was an immersive theatrical installation piece that integrated physical costume pieces, three hundred and sixty degree projection mapping, digital storytelling, and an original musical composition comprised of sounds found in a costume shop. The purpose of the story was to give an artistic overview of the essential steps in a garment's creation. It allowed the audience to view and experience the evolution of how a theatrical costume is constructed, beginning with the designer's rendering, then moving into the muslin half-drape, the paper pattern, the fitting, the pattern pieces cut in real fabric, and ending with the completed garment. The installation also focused on the role played by historical undergarments (created here in half scale) as the building blocks of costume construction.Theatre and Danc