How lifestyle can improve health expenses

Physical activity is important for the prevention of many diseases and to improve the conditions of sick people. “Exercise is medicine” is the new address for prevention and therapy. The boys also benefit of the sport activity for their psychological maturation. In addition, there is the damage from poor nutrition, alcohol dependence and the overuse of pharmacologically active substances, misuse of drugs, even those permitted. It is therefore necessary to increase the quantity/quality of time devoted to physical activity, both at school and outside school, but above all, it is vital the dissemination of knowledge of the problem. A widespread information / training, along with a sport and proper medical supervision into every type of school, would lead to a sharp reduction in public spending, much higher than the 80 million of which we have just spoken, with an almost negligible investment. The ideal would be to set up in School a course of education to health, with the principles of nutrition and physical activity, in order to improve the lifestyles and reduce health spending through health education, proper nutrition and sports activities. 1-2 hours a week would be enough to communicate to children, and indirectly their families and the families of the future, what are the criteria for a healthy life. It is however, necessary to have suitably qualified teachers for the treatment and dissemination of health prevention principles of proper nutrition and the correct approach to sports activities. A specific training should be therefore held in the University. Health education cannot be done by the science teachers or those of motor sciences, alone; they must have a physician specially trained to coordinate, perhaps in co-presence, the interventions

Diagnostic error reduction in the United States and Italy through the intervention of diagnostic management teams

A major challenge to most countries is the growing cost of healthcare. The cost of laboratory testing is approximately 3% of the total clinical costs. On the other hand, waste from inappropriate admissions to clinical departments is reported to be as high as 15%. A frequently used approach to save dollars in healthcare is the random reduction in the budget for laboratories, with a focus on reduction of the number of unnecessary laboratory tests. The World Health Assembly has approached the problem by publishing a list of essential in vitro diagnostic tests, in order to achieve a global rationalization of the problem. A much more thoughtful strategy to saving healthcare finance is to improve the efficiency of the diagnostic process. This report presents an opportunity to reduce diagnostic error and increase the efficiency of diagnostic testing. Reduction in time to a correct diagnosis provides a major financial as well as a clinical benefit. In addition, reducing both overutilization and underutilization of laboratory tests while achieving the correct diagnosis is a major benefit to challenged healthcare budgets. One approach taken to achieve major savings in healthcare has been the creation of “Diagnostic Management Teams,” composed of experts in specialty areas of medicine who are primarily based in the clinical laboratory to advise physicians on the selection of only necessary tests and the interpretation of complex test results

Test_A il tuo mal di testa. Report d’indagine

In questo lavoro si riportano i principali risultati di una ricerca quantitativa volta a testare, attraverso la somministrazione di questionari a più livelli – pazienti (n= 2500) e medici (n= 100) - un semplice strumento di misurazione della percezione individuale della ricorrenza e della gravità del sintomo delle cefalee, dell’utilizzo di farmaci e del ricorso alle strutture sanitarie di riferimento (Farmacia, MMG e Centri Cefalee). L’indicatore di sintesi così costruito, denominato “Test_a”, si rivela in grado di guidare il paziente nella autovalutazione del livello di gravità del proprio sintomo e nel come affrontarlo; nello stesso tempo, lo strumento proposto può essere di ausilio a farmacisti e medici di medicina generale (MMG), potenziandone la capacità di intercettare, sensibilizzare e orientare il paziente stesso ad una corretta gestione di emicrania e cefalea

The Role of the Laboratory to Protect Patient Health and Health Savings

At the World Health Assembly, held in January in Geneva, all the Nations have taken into consideration the role of vaccines and of the access to cure as a paradigm of how financial resources should be re modulated..

O passado prático na prática : a mobilização do passado como um elemento na luta pela reforma agrária no Brasil

Neste artigo será abordada a relação entre o ensino de história e a manutenção da luta pela reforma agrária, a partir das diretrizes educacionais desenvolvidas no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra Mobilizando, sobretudo, o conceito de passado prático, serão trabalhados os efeitos que esta forma de se utilizar do conhecimento do passado desperta nos integrantes do movimento e como este aspecto influencia em suas ações no presente. Será aqui destacado a importância da memória e da imaginação para se construir a sociedade que o movimento almeja e luta para conquistar.En este artículo se discutirá la relación entre el ensino de historia y la manutención de la lucha por la reforma agraria, partiendo de las directrices educacionales desenvueltas en el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales sin tierra. Movilizando, principalmente el concepto de pasado práctico, serán trabajados los efectos de utilizar el conocimiento del pasado para despertar en los integrantes del movimiento y influenciar sus acciones en el presente. Aquí será demostrada la importancia de la memoria y de la imaginación para que se pueda construir la sociedad que el movimiento sueña y lucha conquistar.In this paper will be discussed the relation between history teaching from the educational guidelines made in the Landless workers movement and the maintenance of the struggle for agrarian reform. Using the concept of practical past, will be debated the effects in this form of using what past knowledge awakens in the members and how this aspect can influence their actions in the present times. Will highlight the importance of memory and imagination to construct the society that the movement desires and fights to conquest

Sex attribution, gender identity and quality of life in disorders of sex development due to 45,X/46,XY mosaicism: methods for clinical and psychosocial assessment.

The choice of sex in newborns with genital ambiguity is challenging. Information concerning the satisfaction of subjects with disorders of sex development from childhood to adulthood is required in order to address sex attribution policies. This study focuses on the methods that enable clinicians to investigate the alignment of phenotypes with gender identity and quality of life in people with disorders of this kind. These methods are presented as tools for studying a cohort of ten subjects with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism examined between 1985 and 2014 in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin: five children and five young adults, four reared as females and six as males. Clinical outcome was assessed by means of a clinical scoring system considering height, genital appearance, gonads and pubertal development. The Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children and the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment were adopted. The four male children strongly identified with their assigned sex: male attribution was satisfactory until pubertal age. In young adults the clinical scores ranged between 55-65% for both genders. In the young male, the reduced sexual activity and the poor body image perception strongly affected his quality of life. The clinical scores of the two young female adults (60% for both) were not balanced with their quality of life scores (87.5% and 68.75% respectively): individual traits and social-familial context should be investigated in order to explain these differences. Clinical and psychosocial assessment in people with disorders of sex development is mandatory in order to plan care procedures; a detailed analysis requires adequate tools. Clinical scoring system, Gender Identity Questionnaire for Children and World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment can be used to investigate the alignment of physical phenotype with gender identity and quality of life

Umo a um modelo de inovação de hélice quádruplo: experiências com PMEs de Bahía Blanca, Argentina

Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos relacionados. Por un lado, describir y analizar la evolución del modelo de innovación de las PyMEs de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca sobre la base del Modelo de Cuádruple Hélice (4H) desde fines de los años 90 hasta el actual contexto de la pandemia. Por otro lado, sistematizar los estudios empíricos sobre innovación para compararlos en función de criterios comunes como el modelo de innovación (Cuádruple Hélice, Triple Hélice, etc.); tipo de innovación; metodología; vínculo con el tema Ciudades Inteligentes; alcance (nacional,regional, local); entre otros. Este nuevo paradigma de producción del conocimiento y de la innovación tiene su origen en el modelo de Triple Hélice (3H) pero agrega al modelo anterior un cuarto eje compuesto por el Público, la Sociedad Civil. Desde el punto de vista de las empresas, el foco de este modelo se ubica en los usuarios/clientes como fuentes de innovación. Para caracterizar las diferentes fases, se utilizan fuentes de información secundaria y primaria (encuestas a PyMEs locales de 2007 y 2015). Se concluye que los primeros modelos de innovación de las PyMEs locales eran entre empresas, sin intervención de otros actores. Posteriormente, se desarrolló el modelo 3H con el aporte de las universidades y el gobierno. En los últimos años, surgenmodelos 4H vinculados con proyectos de Ciudad Inteligente. Actualmente, surgieron proyectos de innovación elaborados para paliar la crisis del coronavirus.This paper has two related objectives. On the one hand, to describe and analyze the evolution of the innovation model among SMEs from the city of Bahía Blanca based on the Quadruple Helix Framework (4H) from the end of 1990s to the current situation in the context of the Covid-19 disease. On the other hand, to systematize the empirical studies of innovation in order to compare them based on common criteria such as model of innovation (Quadruple Helix, Triple Helix), type of innovation, methodology, relationship with smart cities, scope (national, regional, local), among others. This new paradigm of knowledge production and innovation emerges from the Triple Helix Framework (3H), but adds to it a fourth component: the civil society. From the point of view of companies, this model focuses on users/ clients as sources of innovation. To characterize the different stages, we use secondary and primary information sources (surveys to local SMEs from 2007 and 2015). We conclude that the first local SMEs’ innovation models were among companies, without the intervention of any other actors. Later on, the 3H model was developed with the support of universities and the local Government. In the last years, 4H models related to the smart cities projects have emerged. Nowadays, innovation projects to deal with the Covid-19 disease crisis are also emergingEste trabalho tem dois objetivos relacionados. Por um lado, descrever e analisar a evolução do modelo de inovação das PMEs da cidade de Bahía Blanca sobre a base do modelo de Hélice Quádruplo (4H) desde fins dos anos 90 até o atual contexto da pandemia. Por outro lado, sistematizar os estudos empíricos sobre inovação para compará-los em função de critérios comuns como o modelo de inovação (Hélice Quádruplo hélice, Hélice Tríplice, etc); tipo de inovação; metodologia; vínculo com o tema Cidades Inteligentes; alcance (nacional, regional, local); dentre outros. Este novo paradigma de produção do conhecimento e da inovação tem sua origem no modelo de Hélice Tríplice (3H) mas acrescenta ao modelo anterior um quarto eixo composto pelo Público, a Sociedade Civil. Desde o ponto de vista das empresas, o foco deste modelo situa-se nos usuários/clientes como fontes de inovação. Para caracterizar as diferentes fases, utilizam-se fontes de informação secundária e primária (enquetes a PMEs locais de 2007 e 2015). Conclui-se que os primeiros modelos de inovação das PMEs locais eram entre Empresas, sem intervenção de outros atores. Posteriormente, desenvolveu-se o modelo 3H com o aporte das universidades e o governo. Nos últimos anos, surgem modelos 4H vinculados com projetos de Cidade Inteligente. Atualmente, surgiram projetos de inovação elaborados para aliviar a crise do coronavírus.Fil: Alderete, Maria Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Porris, María Susana. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Verna Etcheber, Roberto Ruben. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Capacidades y limitantes en la transformación digital de MiPymes industriales de Bahía Blanca

En diferentes trabajos se postula que la capacidad de innovación de las empresas depende de sus capacidades de absorción (Cohen y Levinthal, 1990; Ponce-Espinosa et al., 2020), así como las endógenas y relacionales (Yoguel, 2000). Cohen y Levinthal (1990) plantean que las capacidades de absorción de las empresas -entendidas como la capacidad de una firma para reconocer el valor de la nueva información externa, asimilarla, y aplicarla a fines comerciales- son críticas para el desarrollo de la innovación. Ponce-Espinosa et. al (2020) identifican diferentes factores que tienen impacto sobre la capacidad de absorción de las firmas, asociados a la capacidad de des-aprendizaje organizacional, la valoración de la información y la estructura de las organizaciones. Asimismo reconocen la influencia de las capacidades en función de experiencias, las fuentes de conocimiento, la integración de datos, el stock de conocimiento, el comportamiento de los colaboradores, las estrategias organizacionales y los sistemas de información. Según Yoguel (2000), las capacidades endógenas son las que propician las nuevas ideas, cambios organizacionales, de actividades productivas y en procesos, para mejorar la inserción de sus productos en el mercado. Las capacidades relacionales de las empresas son aquellas habilidades que le permiten desarrollar vínculos e interactuar con su medio circundante, para obtener información, conocimientos, nuevos recursos y desarrollar nuevas habilidades, los cuales no estaría en condiciones de obtener por sí misma. La transformación digital ha sido mayormente desarrollada y estudiada en las empresas del sector tecnológico, de servicios y en empresas de gran tamaño (Berger, 2016), y no tan ampliamente en MiPyMEs industriales. La descripción de estas experiencias pretende contribuir a la definición de lineamientos que posibiliten un esquema orientativo para la formulación de estos procesos, bajo la perspectiva de colaboración entre actores, a fin de favorecer el aprendizaje colaborativo, considerando particularmente la trayectoria y el ámbito de aplicación de estas organizaciones.Fil: Etcheverry, Mauro. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mar del Plata; Argentina.Fil: Verna, Roberto. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mar del Plata; Argentina.Fil: Porris, María Susana. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mar del Plata; Argentina.Fil: Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Mar del Plata; Argentina