Metodología para el plan de marketing internacional en la exportación de la empresa CubaRon, S.A

Aim: To design a methodology for implementation of an international business plan of CubaRon Ltd. Methods: The theoretical research methods included historic-logical, analysis-synthesis, and induction-deduction. The empirical methods included surveys and scientific observation; and the statistical methods used were simple regression analysis, the Kendall and Cronbach Alpha coefficients, goodness of fit, Chi square test, and SPSS, version 2. Some of the tools used were BCG and SWOT analyses. Main result: A new methodology was designed for implementation of an international business plan of the company. Conclusions: After implementation of Cubay rum production, strategies of growth, differentiation, ranking, and marketing mix oriented to the Spanish market, were achieved.Objetivo: Diseñar una metodología para el plan de marketing internacional de la empresa CubaRon, S.A. Métodos: Entre los métodos teóricos de investigación empleados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; entre los empíricos: encuestas y observación científica; entre los estadísticos: el análisis de regresión simple, los coeficientes de Kendall y Alfa de Cronbach, la bondad de ajuste Chi cuadrado, mediante el empleo del software estadístico SPSS versión 2; entre las herramientas: las matrices de motricidad, BCG y Dafo. Principal resultado: Se diseñó una metodología para el plan de marketing internacional propio de esa empresa. Conclusiones: Con su aplicación para el ron Cubay, se obtuvieron estrategias de crecimiento, de diferenciación, de posicionamiento y de marketing-mix, enfocadas al mercado español

Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplastics deployed into the effluents of wastewater treatment plants

Título del Post Print: Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplasticsMicrobial colonization of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems is a well-known phenomenon; however, there is insufficient knowledge of the early colonization phase. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have been proposed as important pathways for MPs entry and transport in aquatic environments and are hotspots of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed at characterizing bacterial communities in the early stage of biofilm formation on seven different types of MPs deployed in two different WWTPs effluents as well as measuring the relative abundance of two ARGs (sulI and tetM) on the tested MPs. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed significant higher diversity of bacteria on MPs in comparison with free-living bacteria in the WWTP effluents. β-diversity analysis showed that the in situ environment (sampling site) and hydrophobicity, to a lesser extent, had a role in the early bacterial colonization phase. An early colonization phase MPs-core microbiome could be identified. Furthermore, specific core microbiomes for each type of polymer suggested that each type might select early attachment of bacteria. Although the tested WWTP effluent waters contained antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) harboring the sulI and tetM ARGs, MPs concentrated ARBs harboring the sulI gene but not tetM. These results highlight the relevance of the early attachment phase in the development of bacterial biofilms on different types of MP polymers and the role that different types of polymers might have facilitating the attachment of specific bacteria, some of which might carry ARGsFinancial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CTM2016-74927-C2-1/2-R

Reorganización de lo centros de capacitación de la Asociación Fe y Alegría tomo VI Centros de Capacitación de Mecánica General.

Se representa básicamente los Diseños propuestos para la solución de la problemática encontrada en los centros de Capacitación de esta Especialidad, por lo tanto se divide en dos áreas de estudio una referente al Plan y Programas de Estudio y otra al área Administrativa

Metodología para el plan de marketing internacional en la exportación de la empresa CubaRon, S.A.

Objetivo: Diseñar una metodología para el plan de marketing internacional de la empresa CubaRon, S.A. Métodos: Entre los métodos teóricos de investigación empleados se encuentran el histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; entre los empíricos: encuestas y observación científica; entre los estadísticos: el análisis de regresión simple, los coeficientes de Kendall y Alfa de Cronbach, la bondad de ajuste Chi cuadrado, mediante el empleo del software estadístico SPSS versión 2; entre las herramientas: las matrices de motricidad, BCG y Dafo. Principal resultado: Se diseñó una metodología para el plan de marketing internacional propio de esa empresa. Conclusiones: Con su aplicación para el ron Cubay, se obtuvieron estrategias de crecimiento, de diferenciación, de posicionamiento y de marketing-mix, enfocadas al mercado español

Time-course biofilm formation and presence of antibiotic resistance genes on everyday plastic items deployed in river waters

The plastisphere has been widely studied in the oceans; however, there is little information on how living organisms interact with the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems, and particularly on how this interaction changes over time. We have characterized, over one year, the evolution of the eukaryotic and bacterial communities colonizing four everyday plastic items deployed in two sites of the same river with different anthropogenic impact. α-diversity analyses showed that site had a significant role in bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, with the most impacted site having higher values of the Shannon diversity index. β-diversity analyses showed that site explained most of the sample variation followed by substrate type (i.e., plastic item) and time since first colonization. In this regard, core microbiomes/biomes in each plastic at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months could be identified at genus level, giving a global overview of the evolution of the plastisphere over time. The measured concentration of antibiotics in the river water positively correlated with the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on the plastics. These results provide relevant information on the temporal dynamics of the plastisphere in freshwater ecosystems and emphasize the potential contribution of plastic items to the global spread of antibiotic resistanceThe authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, ´ MICIN): PID2020–113769RB-C21/22, PLEC2021–007693 (Funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR”), the IMPASSE project (PCIN-2017–06) belonging to the EU JPI-Water initiative, and the Thematic Network of Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment (RED2018–102345-T, EnviroPlaNet Network). SMC thanks the Universidad de Alcala ´ for the award of an FPI contract. A. Rico thanks the Talented Researcher Support Programme - Plan GenT (CIDEGENT/2020/043) of the Generalitat Valenciana. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Genomics Unit of the “Parque Científico de Madrid” for qPCR experiments and Illumina sequencin

Terpenes from Natural Products with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

The development and progression of many diseases is related with an inflammatory process, which could affect different organs or tissues. Currently, many drugs are used to treat inflammation. However, some of these compounds induce severe side effects. For this reason, the search of new therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammation is very desirable. Medicinal plants have been an interesting source for obtaining new active compounds, including several terpenes and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity. This book chapter includes 62 sesquiterpenes, 34 diterpenes, and 22 triterpenes with anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and both models. These terpenes were obtained from 44 plant species belonging to 25 botanical families. Eight of theses species belong to the Asteraceae family and four to Lamiaceae family, respectively, and the other species belong to 13 different botanical families, one sesquiterpene was obtained from a sponge and two diterpenes were isolated from corals

Structure and Functioning of Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Units in Spain : Qualitative Study

As a consequence of the decentralization of health care provision to the different Regions (called Autonomous Communities) in Spain, different health care models and resources have been developed for psychiatric patients. It would be very useful to obtain comprehensive and comparative data on health care models, resources, and activity of acute inpatient psychiatric units (AIPUs) as a key part of mental health systems. The aim of this study was to determine the current state of AIPUs in Spain through a national scorecard that allows the current situation to be visualized in terms of resources, processes, and outputs. A 104-item online questionnaire was sent to all the AIPUs of the different Regions in Spain. It was divided into 11 sections, including data on the resources, processes, and outputs of the AIPUs plus general data, an indicator dashboard, and good practices. The questionnaire was completed by 60.0% (117/195) of the AIPUs invited to participate. The information collected has allowed us to obtain a detailed snapshot of the current situation of AIPUs in Spain at the levels of infrastructure and material resources, staffing, organization and activity of the units, coordination with other units, guidelines, processes and protocols used, participation and communication with patients and their families, teaching activity, and research linked to the units. This project aimed to help understand the general situation of AIPUs in Spain and its different Regions, contribute to enhancing the benchmarking and harmonization among Spanish Regions, and provide data for future comparisons with other countries. RR1-10.2196/2621

El impacto del embarazo en el desenlace de pancreatitis biliar aguda

Antecedentes y objetivo: La pancreatitis aguda es una de las condiciones gastrointestinalesmás comunes que requieren hospitalización. Aunque su aparición durante el embarazo es pococomún, representa un reto médico. Actualmente, no existen estudios que comparen los desen-laces clínicos entre mujeres embarazadas con pancreatitis aguda y pacientes no embarazadascon pancreatitis aguda. Nuestro objetivo fue comparar las características y desenlaces clínicosde las mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas con pancreatitis aguda.Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a todas las pacientes admitidas ennuestro hospital con pancreatitis aguda durante un periodo de 10 a˜nos. Se evaluaron y compa-raron los datos demográficos, las características generales y los desenlaces clínicos entre lasmujeres embarazadas y las mujeres no embarazadas con pancreatitis aguda, con una razón de1:5.Resultados: Se trató a 27 pacientes embarazadas con pancreatitis aguda en un periodo de10 a˜nos. La etiología fue biliar en el 96% de los casos y en el 3.4% de los casos la causa fuehipertrigliceridemia (un paciente). La edad media de las pacientes fue de 26.2 a˜nos (rango de15-36 a˜nos). La causa principal de la pancreatitis aguda fue la enfermedad biliar (96%). Laspacientes en el grupo de estudio cursaban su primer, segundo o tercer trimestre del embarazo,con una distribución del 7.4, el 33.3 y el 59.3%, respectivamente. En la comparación entrepacientes embarazadas y no embarazadas con pancreatitis aguda, no existieron diferencias enedad, tiempo de hospitalización (7.37 vs. 10.8, p = 0.814), gravedad (grave, 3.7% vs. 16.7%,p = 0.79), complicaciones locales (0% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.476) o mortalidad (0% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.476). Conclusiones: La evolución clínica de ambos grupos con pancreatitis biliar aguda fue similar,con baja morbimortalidad