Agendas of translation: Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot and Allen Tate in Origenes: Revista de arte y literatura (1944-56)

textThis study examines the textual dialogues that emerge from the translation and publication of texts by U.S. authors in the Cuban literary magazine Orígenes: Revista de Arte y Literatura. The magazine, published in Havana from 1944 to 1956, is considered one of the most important in the history of Latin American literature. This dissertation analyzes the aesthetic, philosophical, political and religious foundations of texts by Wallace Stevens, T. S. Eliot, and Allen Tate in this new context, rather than from within the framework of the U.S. literary canon. It is thus possible to illuminate the explicit and implicit cultural dialogues that emerge from the interactions between texts of distinct cultural origins. This methodology is aimed at offering insights into the nature of cultural production in an international context and at expanding our understanding of the connections between two national cultures that have been kept artificially separate by an embargo for the past four decades. The text begins with the description of a methodology for studying literary journals and the function of translation within them. Then, Orígenes is placed in its historical, cultural and political context, and the thinking of each Cuban participant is described, illustrating how each writer contributes in a unique way to the overarching cultural projects of the magazine. The study then examines the textual interactions between each U. S. author and Orígenes, illustrating how each interaction contributes to a dialogue on themes of realism, history, imperialism, temporality, mysticism, technology, and exoticism. In narrating each textual dialogue, the study is attentive not only to the conceptual consonances and dissonances that emerge, but also to the crucial mechanics of textual transfer through translation.Comparative Literatur

Roles of Fiscal Policy in New Zealand

Economic growth is one of the objectives of the current government. Fiscal policy, encompassing government expenditure and taxation decisions, can significantly impact on economic growth. This paper proposes a framework which views fiscal policy through three lenses and applies this approach to consider how fiscal policy affects economic growth. The three lenses are: fiscal sustainability, fiscal structure and fiscal stabilisation. The paper reviews international literature pertaining to these three lenses and discusses the extent to which these lenses are incorporated into New Zealand’s current fiscal framework. Contemporary New Zealand fiscal challenges are discussed and, in light of these challenges, the paper concludes with consideration of areas to investigate which may yield improvements to the New Zealand fiscal framework.Fiscal policy, sustainability, stability, structure, taxation, government spending, economic growth

\u3cem\u3eToxic Bones\u3c/em\u3e: The Burdens of Discovering Human Remains in West Virginia\u27s Abandoned and Unmarked Graves

This article pulls up and highlights a land use restriction, or financial burden, imposed upon West Virginia private real estate owners who inadvertently uncover human skeletal remains in unmarked graves on their property. In this state, those coming across human bones that historians and archaeologists eventually deem have no historical or archeological significance have a choice—pay the costs to have the bones removed and reinterred or cover the bones and use the property only as a cemetery in perpetuity. This burden becomes more acute when comparing West Virginia’s law to those of other states that require government officials, at public expense, to remove and re-bury discovered bones in a state cemetery set aside for that purpose. This leads one to consider whether West Virginia’s law, as implemented, constitutes a Fifth Amendment “taking” of private property for public use without just compensation, that is, whther the state is imposing upon private property owners a de facto cemetery for the remains of unknown and insignificant persons. It may be helpful to point out what this Article is not about. This Article does not address bones located in marked and designated burial sites, such as established cemeteries. It also does not take up the uncovering of Native American remains, or for that matter, any other remains that the scientific and cultural communities ultimately determine are historically or archeologically significant. Rather, this Article focuses on the inadvertent discovery of the bones of people who, through the passage of time, have been forgotten or abandoned, and who historians and archaeologists deem unremarkable

Sustainable UMass ADQUAD External Review Final Presentation

Through the breadth and excellence of its operational and academic activities, the Sustainable UMass program has had considerable success in the past five years; achieving a position of prominence and leadership in the sustainability arena as reflected in national higher education awards. Remarkably, this has been spearheaded by a relatively small group of dedicated people working together as an informal, ad hoc coalition of personnel in Physical Plant, Campus Planning, Auxiliary Services, Transportation Services, the College of Natural Sciences, the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Isenberg School of Management, the Library, and University Relations, among others. However, as currently configured, this coalition alone will likely NOT be able to deliver the next level of necessary sustainability initiatives. For Sustainable UMass to maintain its front‐running status, a more supportive set of emergent organization practices and operational arrangements must be set in place along with a public commitment to sustainability to be made by the Chancellor and his leadership team. As noted in the Findings, Observations and Recommendations of this report, such transformation must be integrated with the university’s current planning process; specifically, the recommendations include: 1) structural reconfigurations; 2) new operational tactics; and 3) models of best practice (used at other campuses) which can assist in the development of the next steps in the Sustainable UMass program. Findings: The current successes of the Sustainable UMass program provide a platform from which to build; these include: Early leadership and commitments from pioneers within the organization in the areas of research, academic program development, and support departments. Investment in strengthening core campus facilities such as installation of the new Co‐Gen plant. Extensive student and cross‐departmental involvement. Forward thinking programs in food systems, permaculture and dining. A campus culture which values experiential learning, A nationally‐recognized Eco‐Rep program. An innovative sustainability program in library services

The sedimentation theory of cultural time and space: the present is embedded in the past

Linear time is a metaphor based on the concept of Euclidean space (St. Clair, 2006). One of the difficulties associated with this concept of time is that although it incorporates change as movement from one steady-state to another, it cannot account for the process that motivates that change of time within the same cultural space. A more insightful model of temporal and spatial change can be found in the metaphor of the “Archeology of Knowledge” (Foucault, 1969). A modification of this metaphor can be found in the sedimentation theory of time in space which envisions time as the accumulation of social practices layered in cultural space. It is argued that the present is embedded in the cultural past. The dynamics of change in a cultural space occurs in the co-present, a place where the reconstructed past is linked with the co-present. It is in this co-present space that the social construction of cultural space takes place. Some events are retained and defined as belonging to the past and are designated as the old-present; other events are modified, redefined, or restructured in the present and function as the new-present. It is this social and cultural habitus (Bourdieu, 1977, 1984) that explains how meanings are contextualized and interpreted within the co-present. Rather than viewing culture as a superorganic entity, a collective consciousness, existing outside of human experience, culture is considered to be a set of practices, habits, and recipes for daily interaction emerging from the experiences of everyday life. It is by using the past to make sense of the present that the social construction of culture comes into existence (Mehan and Wood, 1975). Such practices are internalized through daily interaction in the form of social scripts (St. Clair, Thomé-Williams, and Su, 2005) and other forms of structuration (Giddens, 1984). Cultural change involves the retaining of some cultural practices along with the modification, revision, and re-invention of events in the co-present. Just as the present is embedded in the past, the future is embedded in the present

Code switching in hawaiian creole

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