(1R,2R,5R,6S,9R,10S,13S,14S,18R)-1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17,18-Undeca­chloro­penta­cyclo­[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octa­deca-7,15-diene

The title compound, C18H13Cl11, is an undecachlorinated commercial flame retardant. The asymmetric unit contains two independent half-mol­ecules. The complete mol­ecules are generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry, causing the terminal H atoms and one of the Cl atoms to be disordered equally over two sites in each mol­ecule. The central eight-membered rings are in chair-type conformations. In the crystal structure, there is a single weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond

Preschool children’s coping responses and outcomes in the vaccination context: child and caregiver transactional and longitudinal relationships

This article, based on 2 companion studies, presents an in-depth analysis of preschoolers coping with vaccination pain. Study 1 used an autoregressive cross-lagged path model to investigate the dynamic and reciprocal relationships between young children’s coping responses (how they cope with pain and distress) and coping outcomes (pain behaviors) at the preschool vaccination. Expanding on this analysis, study 2 then modeled preschool coping responses and outcomes using both caregiver and child variables from the child’s 12-month vaccination (n 5 548), preschool vaccination (n 5 302), and a preschool psychological assessment (n 5 172). Summarizing over the 5 path models and post hoc analyses over the 2 studies, novel transactional and longitudinal pathways predicting preschooler coping responses and outcomes were elucidated. Our research has provided empirical support for the need to differentiate between coping responses and coping outcomes: 2 different, yet interrelated, components of “coping.”Among our key findings, the results suggest that a preschooler’s ability to cope is a powerful tool to reduce pain-related distress but must be maintained throughout the appointment; caregiver behavior and poorer pain regulation from the 12-month vaccination appointment predicted forward to preschool coping responses and/or outcomes; robust concurrent relationships exist between caregiver behaviors and both child coping responses and outcomes, and finally, caregiver behaviors during vaccinations are not only critical to both child pain coping responses and outcomes in the short- and long-term but also show relationships to broader child cognitive abilities as well

Gastrointestinal pathologistsâ perspective on managing risk in the distal esophagus: convergence on a pragmatic approach

Here, we discuss recent updates and a continuing controversy in the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s esophagus, specifically the recommendation that the irregular Zâ line not be biopsied, the diminished status of ultrashortâ segment Barrett’s esophagus, the evidence basis for excluding and including the requirement of goblet cells for the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus, and the conclusion that histologically confirmed lowâ grade dysplasia is best managed with endoscopic ablation rather than surveillance. We reference the American Gastroenterological Association and College of Gastroenterology and the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines throughout, with the thesis that the field is converging on the concept of applying scarce medical resources to the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of patients most likely to derive benefit.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146991/1/nyas13680.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146991/2/nyas13680_am.pd

(1R,2R,5R,6R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17-Decachloro­penta­cyclo­[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octa­deca-7,15-diene

The title compound, C18H14Cl10, is a decachlorinated commercial flame retardant. The structure determination confirms the relative stereochemistry. The central eight-membered ring is in a chair-type conformation. In the crystal structure, there are no significant inter­molecular inter­actions and mol­ecules are separated by normal van der Waals distances

The microscopic anatomy of the esophagus including the individual layers, specialized tissues, and unique components and their responses to injury

The esophagus, a straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach, has the complex architecture common to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract with special differences that relate to its function as a conduit of ingested substances. For instance, it has submucosal glands that are unique and have a specific protective function. It has a squamous lining that exists nowhere else in the gut except the anus and it has a different submucosal nerve plexus when compared to the stomach and intestines. All of the layers of the esophageal wall and the specialized structures including blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves have specific responses to injury. The esophagus also has unique features such as patches of gastric mucosa called inlet patches at the very proximal part and it has a special sphincter mechanism at the most distal aspect. This review covers the normal microscopic anatomy of the esophagus and the patterns of reaction to stress and injury of each layer and each special structure.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147079/1/nyas13705_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147079/2/nyas13705.pd

Cytomegalovirus Viral Load and Virus-Specific Immune Reconstitution after Peripheral Blood Stem Cell versus Bone Marrow Transplantation

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products contain more T cells and monocytes when compared with bone marrow (BM), leading to fewer bacterial and fungal infections. Cytomegelovirus (CMV) viral load and disease as well as CMV-specific immune reconstitution were compared in patients enrolled in a randomized trial comparing PSBC and BM transplantation. There was a higher rate of CMV infection and disease during the first 100 days after transplantation among PBSC recipients (any antigenemia/DNAemia: PBSC, 63% vs BM, 42%, P = .04; CMV disease: PBSC, 17% vs BM, 4%, P = .03). By 2 years, CMV disease rates were similar. The early increase in CMV events correlated temporarily with lower CMV-specific CD4+ T helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte function at 30 days after transplantation in PBSC recipients. By 3 months after transplantation and thereafter, CMV-specific immune responses were similar between BM and PBSC recipients. In conclusion, higher CMV infection and disease rates occurred in PBSC transplant recipients early after transplantation. These differences may be because of a transient delay in CMV-specific immune reconstitution following PBSC transplantation

Solution Geochemistry of the Water of Limestone Terrains

Limestone groundwater flows mainly in openings it has solutionally enlarged, thus an understanding of the water\u27s state of saturation relative to calcite (the principal mineral component of limestone) is fundamental to an understanding of the nature and evolution of the limestone aquifer. This study investigated the Mammoth Cave-Sinkhole Plain (MCSP) and Cave Hollow (CH) aquifers in Kentucky, both in Missippian limestones. Both aquifers were always undersaturated with calcite. Except for completely ventilated vadose flows (usually) and some vadose seepage (occasionally), all recharges sampled (sinking streams, vadose flows, and vadose seepage) were also undersaturated. The lack of saturation in the MCSP aquifer was due to the introduction of carbon dioxide into the water in amounts difficult to explain by the carbon dioxide content of the above recharges. In both vadose flows and seepage, undersaturatlon tended to correlate directly with flow volume, and there was an inverse correlation between the amount of carbon dioxide and calcite saturation in most of the waters sampled. In vadose seepage this relationship was so strong as to suggest seasonal invariance of carbon dioxide content of the water prior to out gassing. Results suggest solutional enlargement is greatest near recharge points in ventilated aquifers (CH) but the carbon dioxide introduction phenomenon (MCSP) allows solution over wide areas in unventilated aquifers

Modelling a dynamic magneto-agglutination bioassay

The process of developing an end-to-end model of a magneto-immunoassay is described which models the agglutination effect due to specific binding of bacteria to paramagnetic particles. After establishing the properties of the dose-specific agglutination through direct imaging, a microfluidic assay was used to demonstrate changes in the magnetophoretic transport dynamics of agglutinated clusters via transient inductive magentometer measurements. End-to-end mathematical modelling is used to establish the physical processes underlying the assay. First, a modification form of Becker–Döring nucleation kinetic equations is used to establish a relationship between analyte dose and average cluster size. Next, Stokes flow equations are used to establish a relationship between cluster size and speed of motion within the fluid chamber. This predicts a cluster-size dynamic profile of concentration of PMPs versus time when the magnetic field is switched between the two actuated magnets. Finally, inductive modelling is carried out to predict the response of the magnetometer circuit in response to this dynamics of magnetic clusters. The predictions of this model is shown to agree well with the results of experiments, and to predict the shape of the dose-response curve