Automating class definitions from OWL to English

Text definitions for entities within bio-ontologies are a cor-nerstone of the effort to gain a consensus in understanding and usage of those ontologies. Writing these definitions is, however, a considerable effort and there is often a lag be-tween specification of the entities in the ontology and the development of the text-based definitions. As well as these text definitions, there can also be logical descriptions and definitions of an ontology's entities. The goal of natural lan-guage generation (NLG) from ontologies is to take the logi-cal description of entities and generate fluent natural lan-guage. We should be able to use NLG to automatically pro-vide text-based definitions from an ontology that has logical descriptions of its entities and thus avoid the bottleneck of authoring these definitions by hand. In this paper we present some early work in using NLG to provide such text definitions for the Experimental factor Ontology (EFO). We present our results, discuss issues in generating text definitions, and highlight some future work

Measuring Expert Performance at Manually Classifying Domain Entities under Upper Ontology Classes

Classifying entities in domain ontologies under upper ontology classes is a recommended task in ontology engineering to facilitate semantic interoperability and modelling consistency. Integrating upper ontologies this way is difficult and, despite emerging automated methods, remains a largely manual task. Little is known about how well experts perform at upper ontology integration. To develop methodological and tool support, we first need to understand how well experts do this task. We designed a study to measure the performance of human experts at manually classifying classes in a general knowledge domain ontology with entities in the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), an upper ontology used widely in the biomedical domain. We conclude that manually classifying domain entities under upper ontology classes is indeed very difficult to do correctly. Given the importance of the task and the high degree of inconsistent classifications we encountered, we further conclude that it is necessary to improve the methodological framework surrounding the manual integration of domain and upper ontologies

The practical use of the astrolabe: sculpture/poem

None provided

Tax Consequences of Purchases of Computer Hardware and Software

The advent of the computer age has resulted in a significant increase in the investment by businesses in computer hardware and software. The term hardware refers to the physical equipment which accepts (input), processes, and prints (output) information received by it. The term software refers to the instructions (language) used to direct a computer to perform desired tasks and the documentation (discs, tapes, etc.) on which such instructions are recorded.\u27 Examples of types of software include Basic, Fortran, Cobol, and RPG. This article addresses the tax aspects and planning opportunities associated with the purchases of computer hardware and software

A Case Study: Project Scheduling on Quick Serve Tenant Improvement Projects

Scheduling is the basis for nearly all construction planning. For small tenant improvement projects, time is often of the essence. However, often times the project’s schedule is not closely followed, monitored, or updated. Discovering why the project’s schedule has not been followed, monitored, or updated will illuminate potential ways to improve the efficiency of planning and managing a quick serve construction project. This report will provide this information through a series of indepth interviews, as well as, observations from a three McDonald’s tenant improvement projects on the California Central Coast. From these interviews, the interviewee’s perspective of the project’s progress and schedule is important in gaining a wide perspective of this unconventional form of project management. From the observations of project’s, an outsider’s perspective is necessary to develop and research the potential efficiencies and deficiencies of this style of project management. The combination and analysis of this information provides the construction industry with new knowledge on how to manage and maintain project schedules on quick serve tenant improvement projects

The Use of Short-Term Trusts in Conjunction With Interests in Oil or Gas Properties: A Practitioner\u27s Guide

This article will address the tax consequences of the funding of a short-term trust with an interest in oil or gas wells. At the end of this article there is set forth as Appendix 11 a form of short-term trust which could be used for this purpose. Appendix 11 contains an example of a situation where such use would be appropriate and a computation of the tax savings which can be generated by the use of such a trust

Anatomical development in soybean hypocotyls sensitive to temperature-dependent growth anomaly

The present study was initiated to: (1) characterize the anatomical development of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls from cultivars (Amsoy 71 and Beeson 80) sensitive to inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and excessive radial expansion when grown at 25 C, (2) describe the timing of changes in hypocotyl anatomy and the relationship of these changes to the inhibition of elongation, and (3) compare the anatomical development of hypocotyls from 25 C sensitive cultivars to hypocotyls of non-25 C-sensitive cultivars (Corsoy 79 and Oakland). Seedlings grown in rolled towels at 20, 25, or 30 C were sampled at days one through seven after planting to determine hypocotyl length, percent dry matter, and hypocotyl diameter. Cross-sectional diameter, cortex width, vascular cylinder diameter, pith diameter, and cell number and size of the pith and cortex regions were measured along a transect across the middle of cross-sections taken from a 2 cm region of the hypocotyl immediately below the hypocotyl hook. Hypocotyls collected on days two through seven from each temperature-cultivar combination were fixed and stored in FAA until examination. There was a temporal relationship between hypocotyl elongation, hypocotyl diameter, and cortex width. As hypocotyl length increased in response to increased temperature, there was an associated decrease in diameter and width of the cortex. Size of cortex cells, and to some degree cortex cell number, were responsible for the change in cortex width leading to a change cortex width and hypocotyl diameter. Alterations in hypocotyl diameter and length were most noticeable at days three and four after planting. At this time, the inhibition of elongation and increase in diameter of Amsoy 71 at 25 C was most evident, as were the linear responses to temperature among the other cultivars. Pith diameter contributed to the overall increase in diameter over time in all cultivars, but was not important in the differences in hypocotyl diameter among temperatures within each cultivar. It was concluded that calculation of hypocotyl diameter from length and weight data may underestimate diameter compared to direct measurement in cross-sections of hypocotyls less than three days old

Catalase-Containing Silica Particles as Ultrasound-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors to Determine Infected From Noninfected Fluid Collections in Humans.

OBJECTIVE. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in neutrophil oxidative defense against infection. Catalase-containing silica nanoshells are nanoparticles that generate O2 microbubbles imaged with ultrasound in the presence of elevated H2O2. We aimed to determine whether ultrasound-detectable O2 microbubbles produced by catalase-containing silica nanoshells can determine whether fluid collections drained from patients are infected. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. During this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study, 52 human fluid samples were collected from clinically required image-guided percutaneous drainage procedures. Catalase-containing silica nanoshells were added to the fluid samples during imaging in real time using a Sequoia-512 15L8-S linear transducer (Siemens Healthcare). Production of detectable microbubbles was graded subjectively as negative (noninfected) or positive (infected) with low, moderate, or high confidence by a single observer blinded to all clinical data. The truth standard was microbiology laboratory culture results. Performance characteristics including ROC curves were calculated. RESULTS. Microbubble detection to distinguish infected from noninfected fluids was 84% sensitive and 72% specific and offered negative and positive predictive values of 89% and 64%, respectively. The AUC was 0.79. Six of nine false-positive samples were peritoneal fluid collections that were all collected from patients with decompensated cirrhosis. CONCLUSION. The presence of elevated H2O2 indicated by microbubble formation in the presence of catalase-containing silica nanoshells is sensitive in distinguishing infected from noninfected fluids and offers a relatively high negative predictive value. False-positive cases may result from noninfectious oxidative stress. Catalase-containing silica nanoshells may constitute a novel point-of-care test performed at time of percutaneous drainage, potentially obviating placement of drains into otherwise sterile collections and minimizing risk of secondary infection or other complication

Teaching Digital Information Literacy with Logical Fallacy Instruction

Presentation at Mindfulness, Media, & Misinformation in the Digital Era.https://ir.una.edu/libfacpresentation/1037/thumbnail.jp