3,446 research outputs found
Relaxation energies and excited state structures of poly(para-phenylene)
We investigate the relaxation energies and excited state geometries of the
light emitting polymer, poly(para-phenylene). We solve the
Pariser-Parr-Pople-Peierls model using the density matrix renormalization group
method. We find that the lattice relaxation of the dipole-active
state is quite different from that of the state and the
dipole-inactive state. In particular, the state is
rather weakly coupled to the lattice and has a rather small relaxation energy
ca. 0.1 eV. In contrast, the and states are strongly
coupled with relaxation energies of ca. 0.5 and ca. 1.0 eV, respectively. By
analogy to linear polyenes, we argue that this difference can be understood by
the different kind of solitons present in the , and
states. The difference in relaxation energies of the
and states accounts for approximately one-third of the exchange
gap in light-emitting polymers.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review
Robust Machine Learning Applied to Astronomical Datasets I: Star-Galaxy Classification of the SDSS DR3 Using Decision Trees
We provide classifications for all 143 million non-repeat photometric objects
in the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using decision
trees trained on 477,068 objects with SDSS spectroscopic data. We demonstrate
that these star/galaxy classifications are expected to be reliable for
approximately 22 million objects with r < ~20. The general machine learning
environment Data-to-Knowledge and supercomputing resources enabled extensive
investigation of the decision tree parameter space. This work presents the
first public release of objects classified in this way for an entire SDSS data
release. The objects are classified as either galaxy, star or nsng (neither
star nor galaxy), with an associated probability for each class. To demonstrate
how to effectively make use of these classifications, we perform several
important tests. First, we detail selection criteria within the probability
space defined by the three classes to extract samples of stars and galaxies to
a given completeness and efficiency. Second, we investigate the efficacy of the
classifications and the effect of extrapolating from the spectroscopic regime
by performing blind tests on objects in the SDSS, 2dF Galaxy Redshift and 2dF
QSO Redshift (2QZ) surveys. Given the photometric limits of our spectroscopic
training data, we effectively begin to extrapolate past our star-galaxy
training set at r ~ 18. By comparing the number counts of our training sample
with the classified sources, however, we find that our efficiencies appear to
remain robust to r ~ 20. As a result, we expect our classifications to be
accurate for 900,000 galaxies and 6.7 million stars, and remain robust via
extrapolation for a total of 8.0 million galaxies and 13.9 million stars.
[Abridged]Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures, to be published in ApJ, uses emulateapj.cl
The Detection of Ionizing Radiation by Plasma Panel Sensors: Cosmic Muons, Ion Beams and Cancer Therapy
The plasma panel sensor is an ionizing photon and particle radiation detector
derived from PDP technology with high gain and nanosecond response.
Experimental results in detecting cosmic ray muons and beta particles from
radioactive sources are described along with applications including high energy
and nuclear physics, homeland security and cancer therapeuticsComment: Presented at SID Symposium, June 201
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The characteristics of cognitive neuroscience tests in a schizophrenia cognition clinical trial: Psychometric properties and correlations with standard measures.
In comparison to batteries of standard neuropsychological tests, cognitive neuroscience tests may offer a more specific assessment of discrete neurobiological processes that may be aberrant in schizophrenia. However, more information regarding psychometric properties and correlations with standard neuropsychological tests and functional measures is warranted to establish their validity as treatment outcome measures. The N-back and AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT) are two promising cognitive neuroscience tests designed to measure specific components of working memory and contextual processing respectively. In the current study, we report the psychometric properties of multiple outcome measures from these two tests as well as their correlations with standard neuropsychological measures and functional capacity measures. The results suggest that while the AX-CPT and N-back display favorable psychometric properties, they do not exhibit greater sensitivity or specificity with functional measures than standard neurocognitive tests
Relativistic Elasticity
Relativistic elasticity on an arbitrary spacetime is formulated as a
Lagrangian field theory which is covariant under spacetime diffeomorphisms.
This theory is the relativistic version of classical elasticity in the
hyperelastic, materially frame-indifferent case and, on Minkowski space,
reduces to the latter in the non-relativistic limit . The field equations are
cast into a first -- order symmetric hyperbolic system. As a consequence one
obtains local--in--time existence and uniqueness theorems under various
circumstances.Comment: 23 page
Effects of ventilator settings, nebulizer and exhalation port position on albuterol delivery during non-invasive ventilation: an in-vitro study.
BACKGROUND:Few studies have investigated the factors affecting aerosol delivery during non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Our aim was to investigate, using a bench-top model, the effect of different ventilator settings and positions of the exhalation port and nebulizer on the amount of albuterol delivered to a lung simulator.
METHODS:
A lung model simulating spontaneous breathing was connected to a single-limb NIV ventilator, set in bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) with inspiratory/expiratory pressures of 10/5, 15/10, 15/5, and 20/10 cmH2O, or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5 and 10 cmH2O. Three delivery circuits were tested: a vented mask with the nebulizer directly connected to the mask, and an unvented mask with a leak port placed before and after the nebulizer. Albuterol was collected on a filter placed after the mask and then the delivered amount was measured with infrared spectrophotometry.
RESULTS:
Albuterol delivery during NIV varied between 6.7\u2009\ub1\u20090.4% to 37.0\u2009\ub1\u20094.3% of the nominal dose. The amount delivered in CPAP and BIPAP modes was similar (22.1\u2009\ub1\u200910.1 vs. 24.0\u2009\ub1\u200910.0%, p\u2009=\u20090.070). CPAP level did not affect delivery (p\u2009=\u20090.056); in BIPAP with 15/5 cmH2O pressure the delivery was higher compared to 10/5 cmH2O (p\u2009=\u20090.033) and 20/10 cmH2O (p\u2009=\u20090.014). Leak port position had a major effect on delivery in both CPAP and BIPAP, the best performances were obtained with the unvented mask, and the nebulizer placed between the leak port and the mask (p\u2009<\u20090.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
In this model, albuterol delivery was marginally affected by ventilatory settings in NIV, while position of the leak port had a major effect. Nebulizers should be placed between an unvented mask and the leak port in order to maximize aerosol delivery
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