Robert T. Lytle letter to Moses Dawson

Letter from Lytle (House of Representatives, Washington) to Dawson (Cincinnati, Ohio) discusses the debate and vote on the bill to improve navigation on the Ohio River and affairs with France.https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/dawson_correspondence/1175/thumbnail.jp

Age, Period, and Cohort Effects on Death Penalty Attitudes in the United States, 1974–2014

In this article, we further the understanding of both changes in public opinion on capital punishment in the United States and changes in the factors associated with public opinion on the death penalty. Support for the death penalty may be motivated by events happening during specific time periods, and it can vary across birth cohorts as a result of cohort-specific socialization processes, demographic changes, and formative events that are specific to each generation. An explication of the sources of and variation in death penalty attitudes over time would benefit from the accounting for the age of the respondent, the year of the survey response, and the birth cohort of the respondent. We improve on previous research by using multiple approaches including hierarchical age–period–cohort models and data from the General Social Survey (N = 41,474) to examine changes in death penalty attitudes over time and across birth cohorts. The results showed curvilinear age effects, strong period effects, and weak cohort effects on death penalty support. The violent crime rate explained much of the variation in support for the death penalty across periods. The examination of subgroup differences suggests that support for the death penalty is becoming concentrated among Whites, Protestants, and Republicans

Robert T. Lytle letter to Moses Dawson

Letter from Lytle (House of Representatives, Washington) to Dawson (Cincinnati, Ohio) regarding the nomination of Taney to the Supreme Court and the Post Office\u27s change of printer in Cincinnati.https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/dawson_correspondence/1174/thumbnail.jp

Robert T. Lytle letter to Moses Dawson

Letter from Lytle (Columbus, Ohio) to Dawson (Cincinnati, Ohio) regarding amendments to city charters, bills in Congress, and new senators.https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/dawson_correspondence/1173/thumbnail.jp

Robert T. Lytle letter to Moses Dawson

Letter from Lytle (House of Representatives, Washington) to Dawson (Cincinnati, Ohio) regarding the political destruction of John Quincy Adams and discussing George Poindexter\u27s defeat for reappointment to the United States Senate.https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/dawson_correspondence/1176/thumbnail.jp

Robert T. Lytle letter to Moses Dawson

Letter from Lytle (Washington) to Dawson (Cincinnati, Ohio) regarding the dismissal of Poins (?), the White affair in Congress, boundary disputes, and the belligerent spirit in Tennessee.https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/dawson_correspondence/1177/thumbnail.jp

Naturally occurring changes in time spent watching television are inversely related to frequency of physical activity during early adolescence

In this longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between changes in time spent watching television and playing video games with frequency of leisure-time physical activity across a 2-year period among adolescent boys and girls (N=4594 role= presentation style= box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.200000762939453px; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; \u3e). Latent growth modelling indicated that a decrease in time spent watching television was associated with an increase in frequency of leisure-time physical activity. That relationship was strong in magnitude and independent of sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, and the value participants placed on health, appearance, and achievement. Our results encourage the design of interventions that reduce television watching as a possible means of increasing adolescent physical activity

Longitudinal Invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale among Girls and Boys in Middle School

This study tested the longitudinal factorial invariance of a theoretically consistent, higher-order model for Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores among adolescent girls and boys in middle school. Data were collected from 2,416 adolescents who completed a survey containing the CES-D in the fall of 1998, spring of 1999, and spring of 2000. The invariance analyses were conducted using LISREL 8.50 with maximum likelihood estimation and the Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square statistic and standard errors. The higher-order model demonstrated longitudinal, as well as gender, invariance of the overall factor structure and first- and second-order structure coefficients, first-order factor variances, second-order factor variances, and covariances, and item uniquenesses. The results demonstrate that meaningful comparisons of composite CES-D scores can be made across time among girls and boys in middle school

Do I Report This? Understanding Variation in the Content of State Mandatory Reporting Laws

Since accusations went public that administrators at Pennsylvania State University ignored reports of child abuse during the Jerry Sandusky trial almost a decade ago, several educational and state agencies have reinterpreted aspects of their respective laws requiring certain persons to report suspected child maltreatment (mandatory reporting laws). These reinterpretations were possible due to the ambiguity of statutory language used in the law and, subsequently, may have exposed individuals to a legal responsibility to report to which they were previously unaware. In this study, we use a thematic content analysis to examine variation across state mandatory reporting statutes from all fifty states as of 2016. Three themes emerged from this analysis: definitions for reasonableness, immediacy of danger, and inclusion of mandated reporters. Generally, we found that the vague language and variation in the content of the law, though well intentioned, may contribute to uncertainty in knowing when a report is necessary and who must report it. We conclude with considerations for future research, as well as highlight potential implications for instructors and researchers in higher education. These findings can contribute to our understanding of ambiguity in the law. Further, the sources of variability we identify in this analysis may help to anticipate potential shifts in legal risk in the wake of recent and future reinterpretations of ambiguously worded policy

Super Star Clusters in SBS0335-052E

As one of the lowest metallicity star forming galaxies, with a nucleus of several super star clusters, SBS0335-052E is the subject of substantial current study. We present new insights on this galaxy based on new and archival high spatial resolution NICMOS and ACS images. We provide new measurements and limits on the size of several of the SSCs. The images have sufficient resolution to divide the star formation into compact regions and newly discovered extended regions, indicating a bi-modal form of star formation. The star formation regions are dated via the equivalent width of the Pa alpha emission and we find that two of the extended regions of star formation are less than 10 million years old. Our previous finding that stellar winds confine the photo-ionizing flux to small regions around individual stars is consistent with the new observations. This may allow planet formation in what would traditionally be considered a harsh environment and has implications for the number of planets around globular cluster stars. In addition the images pinpoint the regions of H2 emission as located in, but not at the center of the two star forming super star clusters, S1 and S2.Comment: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journa