12,730 research outputs found
Gaussian processes, kinematic formulae and Poincar\'e's limit
We consider vector valued, unit variance Gaussian processes defined over
stratified manifolds and the geometry of their excursion sets. In particular,
we develop an explicit formula for the expectation of all the
Lipschitz--Killing curvatures of these sets. Whereas our motivation is
primarily probabilistic, with statistical applications in the background, this
formula has also an interpretation as a version of the classic kinematic
fundamental formula of integral geometry. All of these aspects are developed in
the paper. Particularly novel is the method of proof, which is based on a an
approximation to the canonical Gaussian process on the -sphere. The
limit, which gives the final result, is handled via recent
extensions of the classic Poincar\'e limit theorem.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOP439 the Annals of
Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Validity of the expected Euler characteristic heuristic
We study the accuracy of the expected Euler characteristic approximation to
the distribution of the maximum of a smooth, centered, unit variance Gaussian
process f. Using a point process representation of the error, valid for
arbitrary smooth processes, we show that the error is in general exponentially
smaller than any of the terms in the approximation. We also give a lower bound
on this exponential rate of decay in terms of the maximal variance of a family
of Gaussian processes f^x, derived from the original process f.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117905000000099 in the
Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Rotation and scale space random fields and the Gaussian kinematic formula
We provide a new approach, along with extensions, to results in two important
papers of Worsley, Siegmund and coworkers closely tied to the statistical
analysis of fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) brain data. These
papers studied approximations for the exceedence probabilities of scale and
rotation space random fields, the latter playing an important role in the
statistical analysis of fMRI data. The techniques used there came either from
the Euler characteristic heuristic or via tube formulae, and to a large extent
were carefully attuned to the specific examples of the paper. This paper treats
the same problem, but via calculations based on the so-called Gaussian
kinematic formula. This allows for extensions of the Worsley-Siegmund results
to a wide class of non-Gaussian cases. In addition, it allows one to obtain
results for rotation space random fields in any dimension via reasonably
straightforward Riemannian geometric calculations. Previously only the
two-dimensional case could be covered, and then only via computer algebra. By
adopting this more structured approach to this particular problem, a solution
path for other, related problems becomes clearer.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS1055 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Excursion sets of stable random fields
Studying the geometry generated by Gaussian and Gaussian- related random
fields via their excursion sets is now a well developed and well understood
subject. The purely non-Gaussian scenario has, however, not been studied at
all. In this paper we look at three classes of stable random fields, and obtain
asymptotic formulae for the mean values of various geometric characteristics of
their excursion sets over high levels.
While the formulae are asymptotic, they contain enough information to show
that not only do stable random fields exhibit geometric behaviour very
different from that of Gaussian fields, but they also differ significantly
among themselves.Comment: 35 pages, 1 figur
High level excursion set geometry for non-Gaussian infinitely divisible random fields
We consider smooth, infinitely divisible random fields ,
, with regularly varying Levy measure, and are
interested in the geometric characteristics of the excursion sets over high levels u. For a large class of such random fields, we
compute the asymptotic joint distribution of the numbers of
critical points, of various types, of X in , conditional on being
nonempty. This allows us, for example, to obtain the asymptotic conditional
distribution of the Euler characteristic of the excursion set. In a significant
departure from the Gaussian situation, the high level excursion sets for these
random fields can have quite a complicated geometry. Whereas in the Gaussian
case nonempty excursion sets are, with high probability, roughly ellipsoidal,
in the more general infinitely divisible setting almost any shape is possible.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOP738 the Annals of
Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Exact Post-Selection Inference for Sequential Regression Procedures
We propose new inference tools for forward stepwise regression, least angle
regression, and the lasso. Assuming a Gaussian model for the observation vector
y, we first describe a general scheme to perform valid inference after any
selection event that can be characterized as y falling into a polyhedral set.
This framework allows us to derive conditional (post-selection) hypothesis
tests at any step of forward stepwise or least angle regression, or any step
along the lasso regularization path, because, as it turns out, selection events
for these procedures can be expressed as polyhedral constraints on y. The
p-values associated with these tests are exactly uniform under the null
distribution, in finite samples, yielding exact type I error control. The tests
can also be inverted to produce confidence intervals for appropriate underlying
regression parameters. The R package "selectiveInference", freely available on
the CRAN repository, implements the new inference tools described in this
paper.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figure
Investigation of the influence of a step change in surface roughness on turbulent heat transfer
The use is studied of smooth heat flux gages on the otherwise very rough SSME fuel pump turbine blades. To gain insights into behavior of such installations, fluid mechanics and heat transfer data were collected and are reported for a turbulent boundary layer over a surface with a step change from a rough surface to a smooth surface. The first 0.9 m length of the flat plate test surface was roughened with 1.27 mm hemispheres in a staggered, uniform array spaced 2 base diameters apart. The remaining 1.5 m length was smooth. The effect of the alignment of the smooth surface with respect to the rough surface was also studied by conducting experiments with the smooth surface aligned with the bases or alternatively with the crests of the roughness elements. Stanton number distributions, skin friction distributions, and boundary layer profiles of temperature and velocity are reported and are compared to previous data for both all rough and all smooth wall cases. The experiments show that the step change from rough to smooth has a dramatic effect on the convective heat transfer. It is concluded that use of smooth heat flux gages on otherwise rough surfaces could cause large errors
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