Piercing the Corporate Veil: A Different Delaware beyond the Boardrooms

It is likely that most people today think only of Delaware as a summer vacation destination, or as corporate America\u27s adopted home, but not as home to poverty that bears all the ugly markings of despair, deprivation and neglect. To look at Delaware beyond its boardrooms today is to witness the contradictions and consequences of an economy fueled by the promise that what would be good for the nation\u27s banks and the wealthy would necessarily be good for all Delawareans-and most notably Delaware\u27s poor. Over the course of the last ten years, Delaware\u27s economic renaissance and its legislative centerpiece, the 1981 Financial Center Development Act has been chronicled and praised by virtually every national publication that reports on the American economy. Its success has been confirmed by balanced budgets, revenue surpluses and a nationally acclaimed low unemployment rate throughout the eighties. There exists, however, another Delaware which has remained virtually unaffected over the last decade: it is most readily distinguished by its legacy of enduring poverty. That such a legacy continues to exist, after years of heralded economic growth, raises serious questions about the efficacy and equity of the economic policies pursued by Delaware during the eighties

Policy Recommendations for Meeting the Grand Challenge to Harness Technology for Social Good

This brief was created forSocial Innovation for America’s Renewal, a policy conference organized by the Center for Social Development in collaboration with the American Academy of Social Work & Social Welfare, which is leading theGrand Challenges for Social Work initiative to champion social progress. The conference site includes links to speeches, presentations, and a full list of the policy briefs

Dynamic nuclear polarization at 9 T using a novel 250 GHz gyrotron microwave source

In this communication, we report enhancements of nuclear spin polarization by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in static and spinning solids at a magnetic field strength of 9 T (250 GHz for g = 2 electrons, 380 MHz for [superscript 1]H). In these experiments, [superscript 1]H enhancements of up to 170 ± 50 have been observed in 1-[superscript 13]C-glycine dispersed in a 60:40 glycerol/water matrix at temperatures of 20 K; in addition, we have observed significant enhancements in [superscript 15]N spectra of unoriented pf1-bacteriophage. Finally, enhancements of ~17 have been obtained in two-dimensional [superscript 13]C–[superscript 13]C chemical shift correlation spectra of the amino acid U–[superscript 13]C, [superscript 15]N-proline during magic angle spinning (MAS), demonstrating the stability of the DNP experiment for sustained acquisition and for quantitative experiments incorporating dipolar recoupling. In all cases, we have exploited the thermal mixing DNP mechanism with the nitroxide radical 4-amino-TEMPO as the paramagnetic dopant. These are the highest frequency DNP experiments performed to date and indicate that significant signal enhancements can be realized using the thermal mixing mechanism even at elevated magnetic fields. In large measure, this is due to the high microwave power output of the 250 GHz gyrotron oscillator used in these experiments.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Postgraduate Scholarship Fellowship)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM-35382)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant GM-55327)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant RR-00995

DNP Enhanced Frequency-Selective TEDOR Experiments in Bacteriorhodopsin

We describe a new approach to multiple [superscript 13]C–[superscript 15]N distance measurements in uniformly labeled solids, frequency-selective (FS) TEDOR. The method shares features with FS-REDOR and ZF- and BASE-TEDOR, which also provide quantitative [superscript 15]N–[superscript 13]C spectral assignments and distance measurements in U-[[superscript 13]C,[superscript 15]N] samples. To demonstrate the validity of the FS-TEDOR sequence, we measured distances in [U-[superscript 13]C,15N]-asparagine which are in good agreement with other methods. In addition, we integrate high frequency dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) into the experimental protocol and use FS-TEDOR to record a resolved correlation spectrum of the Arg-[superscript 13]Cγ–[superscript 15]Nε region in [U-[superscript 13]C,15N]-bacteriorhodopsin. We resolve six of the seven cross-peaks expected based on the primary sequence of this membrane protein.National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant Number EB-001960)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant Number EB-002804)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant Number EB-001035)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant Number EB-002026

Solid-State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at 263 GHz: Spectrometer Design and Experimental Results

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) experiments transfer polarization from electron spins to nuclear spins with microwave irradiation of the electron spins for enhanced sensitivity in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Design and testing of a spectrometer for magic angle spinning (MAS) DNP experiments at 263 GHz microwave frequency, 400 MHz 1H frequency is described. Microwaves are generated by a novel continuous-wave gyrotron, transmitted to the NMR probe via a transmission line, and irradiated on a 3.2 mm rotor for MAS DNP experiments. DNP signal enhancements of up to 80 have been measured at 95 K on urea and proline in water–glycerol with the biradical polarizing agent TOTAPOL. We characterize the experimental parameters affecting the DNP efficiency: the magnetic field dependence, temperature dependence and polarization build-up times, microwave power dependence, sample heating effects, and spinning frequency dependence of the DNP signal enhancement. Stable system operation, including DNP performance, is also demonstrated over a 36 h period.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant EB-002804)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant EB-002026