4,485 research outputs found
Three component laser Doppler measurements in an axisymmetric jet
A three-component laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to acquire a detailed set of three-dimensional mean and fluctuating velocity measurements in a low-speed air jet entering a stagnant ambient, over the first 20 jet exit diameters along the jet trajectory. These data are physically consistent with previous measurements in axisymmetric jets. The relative difficulty of obtaining three-dimensional and two-dimensional LDA data is briefly discussed
Micro-generation or big is beautiful? : Alternative visions of a low carbon energy system, path dependency and implications for policy
This thesis is concerned with long run developments in energy systems. It considers the implications of developments in economics related to path dependence and lock-in for climate change mitigation policies. Path dependence can arise when markets, technological systems and institutions co-evolve and are subject to increasing returns to adoption. This can have the effect of entrenching incumbent technologies and systems, which can preclude the emergence of alternative technologies or systems. This lock-in by historical events is argued to be particularly acute in the energy system..This thesis uses energy system scenario modelling to explore the potential for path dependence to create mutually exclusive low carbon energy futures. It concludes that radically different contigurations of energy technologies are equally able to deliver low carbon energy. It finds that there are good reasons to expect that development will be path dependent. This matters because the literature on path dependence also highlights the potential for lock-in to a sub-optimal outcome. However the thesis also finds that it is possible to maintain a variety of emerging options until more is known about their potential. Policy needs to create the con~itions that allow a variety of low carbon options to emerge and prosper. But, perhaps paradoxically, over time policies will also need to ensure that the most promising low carbon options can themselves benefit from increasing returns to adoption. The same processes that created lock-in to a high carbon energy system can be harnessed to reduce the costs and improve the performance of low carbon technologies. The thesis argues that the conceptual underpinnings of environmental policy intervention need to be fundamentally reassessed in the light path dependence, lock-in and increasing returns effects. The orthodox approach to environmental policy analysis uses a 'static equilibrium' paradigm which considers only extant externalities.???????? Internalising external costs is important, but orthodox economic theory does not provide policymakers with any information about the processes which created t!Ie current energy system, nor the options needed to allow economies to extricate themselves from 'carbon lock-in'. Increasing returns could be harnessed to overcome carbon lock-in, if policymakers engage directly with issues related to technology choice and technological strategy. Along the way some important shibboleths of existing economic policy will need to be reassessed, not least the notion that policy can never, and must never even seek to, 'pick winners'.Imperial Users onl
Predicting and Monitoring Antiretroviral Adherence
Antiretroviral therapy is complicated and can be hard to follow. For HIV-infected patients, adhering to a prescribed regimen of antiretroviral therapy provides important individual survival benefits, and also reduces the risk of developing drug resistant viral strains that can infect others. Even patients with initially high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy face the challenge of maintaining those levels over time. Ideally, clinicians caring for HIV-infected patients would have some way of predicting which patients are most likely to need help in adhering to a prescribed regimen and an early warning system alerting them to their patients’ non-adherence. This Issue Brief summarizes recent studies whose findings may help clinicians predict and monitor their patients’ adherence before treatment failure occurs
Adherence to HIV Drug Therapy
Antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis for many patients with HIV infection. For many patients who can navigate combinations of drugs and time their doses precisely, these drug regimens typically slow the progression of the disease and lengthen survival. But because these drug regimens are very complex, adherence—the degree to which patients follow medical advice in taking the prescribed drugs—is now a major determinant of HIV treatment success. This Issue Brief summarizes recent work on the effect of adherence on short-term outcomes, and the ability of providers to predict and estimate their patients’ adherence to therapy
Helping During a Breakdown
To teach students to recognize both in themselves and in others the signs of mental breakdowns and being emotionally overwhelmed, which can cause drastic changes in a person’s personality and functionality. By acting out some scenes and discussing what the proper steps are for helping someone in need, the students will learn both to help others within their community and that they can rely on others to help them during tough times
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