Towed Subsurface Optical Communications Buoy

The innovation allows critical, high-bandwidth submarine communications at speed and depth. This reported innovation is a subsurface optical communications buoy, with active neutral buoyancy and streamlined flow surface veins for depth control. This novel subsurface positioning for the towed communications buoy enables substantial reduction in water-absorption and increased optical transmission by eliminating the intervening water absorption and dispersion, as well as by reducing or eliminating the beam spread and the pulse spreading that is associated with submarine-launched optical beams

How newspapers shaped the culture of golf in Austin, Texas : an historical analysis

This study looks to answer the question as to whether or not newspaper coverage concerning a particular sport can influence the participation of that sport of an era. In order to answer this question, this study conducts an historical examination rooted in the process of content analysis to identify the impact that the Austin Statesman had on participation in golf between the years of 1958-1965 in Austin, Texas. A content analysis was conducted, trends were identified and themes emerged from the body of literature that conclude that the writers and editors of the Statesman were an influencing factor on the citizens of Austin in relation to their motivation to participate in golf.Kinesiology and Health Educatio

Understanding how family structure and context influence a family’s resilience, youth sport involvement, stress, and well-being

Youth sport is viewed by many parents as a developmental context in which they can provide their children with safe, controlled opportunities for socialization, physical and emotional skill development, and social mobility, and generation of individual resilience (e.g., White & Bennie, 2015). However, not all outcomes associated with involvement in youth sport for individuals or families are positive (Erdal, 2018). Involvement in youth sport has been shown to reduce the quality of marital (Lally & Kerr, 2008), parent-child (Coakley, 1992), and sibling relationships (Côté, 1999), and increased demands required for participation can reduce opportunities for family quality time (Bean et al., 2014) among other outcomes. Negative family outcomes are also believed to be more detrimental to families with limited access to resources and opportunities, especially for families with contextual limitations due to their SES and family structure (McMillan et al., 2016). The purpose of this quantitative study was to gain an understanding about the relationship between family youth sport involvement and family resilience, with a focus on understanding how this relationship differs for families with differing structures and contexts. To measure the relationship between youth sport participation and family resilience, a quantitative study was conducted measuring a family’s resilience, sport involvement, current stress and well-being, and perceptions about current, ongoing events that could disrupt the family. Results indicate the importance of the interaction between a family’s structure and context and their influence on a family’s desired elements of well-being and highlight the ways that a family’s resilience and sport involvement influence their perception of major environmental stressors. A final finding indicates that family sport involvement is significantly correlated with the dimensions of family resilience and the youth sport contexts where families participate. In sum the findings of this study underscore the importance of both the context and structure of a family on their daily family life and resilience and show how factors of resilience and sport involvement can be used to help family perceptions of stressful events occurring in their environments

Crystal settling and convection in the Shiant Isles Main Sill

The 168 m-thick Shiant Isles Main Sill is a composite body, dominated by an early, 24 m-thick, picrite sill formed by the intrusion of a highly olivine-phyric magma, and a later 135 m-thick intrusion of olivine-phyric magma that split the earlier picrite into a 22 m-thick lower part and a 2 m-thick upper part, forming the picrodolerite/crinanite unit (PCU). The high crystal load in the early picrite prevented effective settling of the olivine crystals, which retain their initial stratigraphic distribution. In contrast, the position of the most evolved rocks of the PCU at a level ~80% of its total height point to significant accumulation of crystals on the floor, as evident by the high olivine mode at the base of the PCU. Crystal accumulation on the PCU floor occurred in two stages. During the first, most of the crystal load settled to the floor to form a modally and size-sorted accumulation dominated by olivine, leaving only the very smallest olivine grains still in suspension. The second stage is recorded by the coarsening-upwards of individual olivine grains in the picrodolerite, and their amalgamation into clusters which become both larger and better sintered with increasing stratigraphic height. Large clusters of olivine are present at the roof, forming a foreshortened mirror image of the coarsening-upwards component of the floor accumulation. The coarsening-upwards sequence records the growth of olivine crystals while in suspension in a convecting magma, and their aggregation into clusters, followed by settling over a prolonged period (with limited trapping at the roof). As olivine was progressively lost from the convecting magma, crystal accumulation on the (contemporaneous) floor of the PCU was increasingly dominated by plagioclase, most likely forming clusters and aggregates with augite and olivine, both of which form large poikilitic grains in the crinanite. While the PCU is unusual in being underlain by an earlier, still hot, intrusion that would have enhanced any driving force for convection, we conclude from comparison with microstructures in other sills that convection is likely in tabular bodies >100 m thickness