191 research outputs found
Intraduodenal sarcoma recurrence of retroperitoneal origin: an unusual cause for a duodenal obstruction.
Soft tissue sarcomas are uncommon tumors, and intraduodenal soft tissue sarcoma manifestation is even more rare. Only three cases of intraduodenal sarcomas have been reported in the literature thus far. Here, we report a case of an intraduodenal recurrence of a retroperitoneal sarcoma causing bowel obstruction. This unusual recurrence pattern likely relates to the patient's previous resection and radiation treatment, and highlights the benefits, limitations and follow-up strategies after multimodality treatment
What\u27s New in Plant Pathology: Resistance: Mystery and Misunderstandings
One of the most common management recommendations for plant diseases is the use of resistant or tolerant varieties/hybrids in your production system. However, there is common confusion on the definition and differentiation of susceptible, tolerant, and resistant varieties/hybrids from a plant pathology viewpoint. A susceptible variety/hybrid allows the pathogen to reproduce and causes significant disease development and in turn compromises the productivity of the plant (i.e., yield). A tolerant variety/hybrid allows the pathogen to reproduce and cause disease at the same or at a slightly reduced rate as a susceptible variety/cultivar; however, there is no noticeable reduction in the plant’s overall productivity. Finally, a resistant variety/hybrid limits or prevents pathogen reproduction and disease development; hence, plant productivity is little or not affected while the plant remains very productive. It is important to note that plant resistance is not plant “immunity,” where it is expected that a variety/hybrid will have NO disease. Unfortunately, immunity does not exist for the majority of plant diseases and expecting such a reaction (or lack thereof) is unrealistic. Resistance, simply, is a reduction in disease severity due to the plant’s defenses. Plants have many mechanisms for defense but do not possess immune systems comparable to our own that preclude infection and disease development
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratios as Prognostic Factors after Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
IntroductionThe hematologic indices of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are correlated with clinical outcomes after stereotactic radiation.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the pretreatment NLR and PLR in patients treated with stereotactic radiation for early stage non–small-cell lung cancer at our institution. A total of 149 patients treated for non–small-cell lung cancer were identified, and 59 had stage I disease with neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte levels within a 3-month period before treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine cutoff values for survival and nonlocal failure followed by Kaplan–Meier analysis for survival.ResultsWith a median follow-up of 17 months, 28 deaths were observed, and the median overall survival for all patients was 43 months. Based on the ROC analysis, NLR and PLR cutoff values for further survival analysis were determined based on the ROC analysis to be 2.98 and 146. The median overall survival was not reached for patients with low NLR or PLR but the survival was 23 months for patients with high NLR or PLR. There was no correlation between NLR and nonlocal failure, but on multivariate analysis PLR was found to be associated with freedom from nonlocal failure. Nonlocal failure rates were 11% for patients with PLR less than 250 and 58% for PLR greater than 250 (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe pretreatment NLR and PLR represented significant prognostic indicators of survival in patients treated for early-stage non–small-cell lung carcinoma with stereotactic radiation. The PLR may be used as a prognostic indicator for nonlocal failure after stereotactic radiation for early-stage lung cancer
The Confluence of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy and Tumor Immunology
Stereotactic radiation approaches are gaining more popularity for the treatment of intracranial as well as extracranial tumors in organs such as the liver and lung. Technology, rather than biology, is driving the rapid adoption of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), in the clinic due to advances in precise positioning and targeting. Dramatic improvements in tumor control have been demonstrated; however, our knowledge of normal tissue biology response mechanisms to large fraction sizes is lacking. Herein, we will discuss how SABR can induce cellular expression of MHC I, adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules, heat shock proteins, inflammatory mediators, immunomodulatory cytokines, and death receptors to enhance antitumor immune responses
The hibernation-derived compound SUL-138 shifts the mitochondrial proteome towards fatty acid metabolism and prevents cognitive decline and amyloid plaque formation in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and remains without effective cure. Increasing evidence is supporting the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, proposing that loss of mitochondrial fitness and subsequent ROS and ATP imbalance are important contributors to AD pathophysiology. Methods: Here, we tested the effects of SUL-138, a small hibernation-derived molecule that supports mitochondrial bioenergetics via complex I/IV activation, on molecular, physiological, behavioral, and pathological outcomes in APP/PS1 and wildtype mice. Results: SUL-138 treatment rescued long-term potentiation and hippocampal memory impairments and decreased beta-amyloid plaque load in APP/PS1 mice. This was paralleled by a partial rescue of dysregulated protein expression in APP/PS1 mice as assessed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In-depth analysis of protein expression revealed a prominent effect of SUL-138 in APP/PS1 mice on mitochondrial protein expression. SUL-138 increased the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism in both wildtype and APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, in APP/PS1 mice only, SUL-138 increased the levels of proteins involved in glycolysis and amino acid metabolism pathways, indicating that SUL-138 rescues mitochondrial impairments that are typically observed in AD. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a SUL-138-induced shift in metabolic input towards the electron transport chain in synaptic mitochondria, coinciding with increased synaptic plasticity and memory. In conclusion, targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics might provide a promising new way to treat cognitive impairments in AD and reduce disease progression
Towards an Understanding of the Mid-Infrared Surface Brightness of Normal Galaxies
We report a mid-infrared color and surface brightness analysis of IC 10, NGC
1313, and NGC 6946, three of the nearby galaxies studied under the Infrared
Space Observatory Key Project on Normal Galaxies. Images with < 9 arcsecond
(170 pc) resolution of these nearly face-on, late-type galaxies were obtained
using the LW2 (6.75 mu) and LW3 (15 mu) ISOCAM filters. Though their global
I_nu(6.75 mu)/I_nu(15 mu) flux ratios are similar and typical of normal
galaxies, they show distinct trends of this color ratio with mid-infrared
surface brightness. We find that I_nu(6.75 mu)/I_nu(15 mu) ~< 1 only occurs for
regions of intense heating activity where the continuum rises at 15 micron and
where PAH destruction can play an important role. The shape of the
color-surface brightness trend also appears to depend, to the second-order, on
the hardness of the ionizing radiation. We discuss these findings in the
context of a two-component model for the phases of the interstellar medium and
suggest that star formation intensity is largely responsible for the
mid-infrared surface brightness and colors within normal galaxies, whereas
differences in dust column density are the primary drivers of variations in the
mid-infrared surface brightness between the disks of normal galaxies.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, uses AAS LaTeX; to appear in the November
Astronomical Journa
The confluence of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy and tumor
Stereotactic radiation approaches are gaining more popularity for the treatment of intracranial as well as extracranial tumors in organs such as the liver and lung. Technology, rather than biology, is driving the rapid adoption of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), in the clinic due to advances in precise positioning and targeting. Dramatic improvements in tumor control have been demonstrated; however, our knowledge of normal tissue biology response mechanisms to large fraction sizes is lacking. Herein, we will discuss how SABR can induce cellular expression of MHC I, adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules, heat shock proteins, inflammatory mediators, immunomodulatory cytokines, and death receptors to enhance antitumor immune responses
Imaging in gynecological disease (17): ultrasound features of malignant ovarian yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors)
Objective To describe the clinical and sonographic
characteristics of malignant ovarian yolk sac tumors
(YSTs).
Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, we
included 21 patients with a histological diagnosis of
ovarian YST and available transvaginal ultrasound
images and/or videoclips and/or a detailed ultrasound
report. Ten patients identified from the International Results All cases were pure YSTs, except for one that
was a mixed tumor (80% YST and 20% embryonal
carcinoma). Median age at diagnosis was 25 (interquartile
range (IQR), 19.5–30.5) years. Seventy-six percent
(16/21) of women had an International Federation of
Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I–II tumor at
diagnosis. Fifty-eight percent (11/19) of women felt pain
during the ultrasound examination and one presented
with ovarian torsion. Median serum α-fetoprotein (S-AFP)
level was 4755 (IQR, 1071–25 303) μg/L and median
serum CA 125 level was 126 (IQR, 35–227) kU/L. On
ultrasound assessment, 95% (20/21) of tumors were
unilateral. The median maximum tumor diameter was
157 (IQR, 107–181) mm and the largest solid component
was 110 (IQR, 66–159) mm. Tumors were classified as either multilocular-solid (10/21; 48%) or solid (11/21;
52%). Papillary projections were found in 10% (2/21) of
cases. Most (20/21; 95%) tumors were well vascularized
(color score, 3–4) and none had acoustic shadowing.
Malignancy was suspected in all cases, except in the
patient with ovarian torsion, who presented a tumor with
a color score of 1, which was classified as probably benign.
Image and videoclip quality was considered as adequate
in 18/21 cases. On review of the images and videoclips, we
found that all tumors contained both solid components
and cystic spaces, and that 89% (16/18) had irregular, still
fine-textured and slightly hyperechoic solid tissue, giving
them a characteristic appearance.
Conclusion Malignant ovarian YSTs are often detected
at an early stage, in young women usually in the second
or third decade of life, presenting with pain and markedly
elevated S-AFP. On ultrasound, malignant ovarian YSTs
are mostly unilateral, large and multilocular-solid or solid,
with fine-textured slightly hyperechoic solid tissue and
rich vascularization. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound
in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley
& Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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