Performance Of Manghatahon Sijagaron Saurmatua Batak Toba Anthropolinguistic Approach

This study aims to find out the text, cotext and context of MSS tradition in the BT community, describe the performance of the text, co-Text and context, explain the reasons for the use of Sijagaron saurmatua by the BT community. The method used is descriptive qualitative with an ethnographic approach to find and understand in depth an event of a cultural phenomenon. The research data is in the form of speech performance data or in the form of lingual text from informants through interviews. The results of the study found 14 elements used in Sijagaron saurmatua. An assertive speech act that functions to express the speaker's psychological attitude towards a situation by making suggestions (suggesting). Expressive speech acts that function to express the speaker's psychological attitude towards a state of appreciation (appreciating) and directive speech acts in which the speaker takes an advising action. And the commissive speech act is an expression of prayer (praying) with the function of kinesis speech, material, and traditional clothing. Context is in the form of ideological, social, cultural, and situational contexts. The meaning contained is a form of gratitude, fortune, and honor. Speech functions consist of expressive functions, directive functions, declarative functions, and commissive functions. The cultural function contained is as a form of entertainment, a means of validating cultural institutions and as an educational tool. Values and Norms, namely religious values, logical values, ethical values, aesthetic values and norms contained in the form of norms of decency, law, custom, and customary norms. Local wisdom is in the form of social solidarity and mutual cooperation, kinship, mutual respect, gratitude, cultural preservation and harmony. The use of Sijagaron saurmatua in BT society is part of the reflection of human life on nature. Nature provides many benefits for humans, such as food, traditional medicine and convenience for other aspects.

ACCRETION OF HOT DARK MATTER ONTO SLOWLY MOVING COSMIC STRINGS

Cosmic strings with small-scale structure have a coarse-grained mass per unit length $\mu$ which is larger than the string tension. This leads to an effective Newtonian gravitational line source and to a characteristic translational velocity which is smaller than for strings without small-scale structure. Here, the accretion of hot dark matter onto such strings is studied by means of the Zel'dovich approximation. We find that clustering is greatly enhanced by the Newtonian line source. In the limit of vanishing translational velocity, the first nonlinear filaments form at a redshift of greater than 100 for standard values of $\mu$.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures (included), uses phyzzx and epsf macro

AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ TYPES OF SENTENCES IN COMPOSING CONVERSATION AT SMA FREE METHODIST 2 MEDAN

The study identified and analyzed the types of sentences found in the text and what types of sentences were the dominantly used. Researchers use qualitative descriptive research methods by using analysis documents to obtain the desired results. Researchers collected 88 sentences data. The result showed that first, the types of sentences are declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative sentence. Declarative sentence consists of 18 data, interrogative sentence consists of 30 data, imperative sentence consists of 24 data and exclamative sentence consists of 16 data. Second, the data analyzed showed that the interrogative sentence is the most frequency dominant used, while the least frequency dominant is exclamative sentence

Exotic Differentiable Structures and General Relativity

We review recent developments in differential topology with special concern for their possible significance to physical theories, especially general relativity. In particular we are concerned here with the discovery of the existence of non-standard (``fake'' or ``exotic'') differentiable structures on topologically simple manifolds such as $S^7$, \R and $S^3\times {\bf R^1}.$ Because of the technical difficulties involved in the smooth case, we begin with an easily understood toy example looking at the role which the choice of complex structures plays in the formulation of two-dimensional vacuum electrostatics. We then briefly review the mathematical formalisms involved with differentiable structures on topological manifolds, diffeomorphisms and their significance for physics. We summarize the important work of Milnor, Freedman, Donaldson, and others in developing exotic differentiable structures on well known topological manifolds. Finally, we discuss some of the geometric implications of these results and propose some conjectures on possible physical implications of these new manifolds which have never before been considered as physical models.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe

Exact Speedup Factors for Linear-Time Schedulability Tests for Fixed-Priority Preemptive and Non-preemptive Scheduling

In this paper, we investigate the quality of several linear-time schedulability tests for preemptive and non-preemptive fixed-priority scheduling of uniprocessor systems. The metric used to assess the quality of these tests is the resource augmentation bound commonly known as the processor speedup factor. The speedup factor of a schedulability test corresponds to the smallest factor by which the processing speed of a uniprocessor needs to be increased such that any task set that is feasible under an optimal preemptive (non-preemptive) work-conserving scheduling algorithm is guaranteed to be schedulable with preemptive (non-preemptive) fixed priority scheduling if this scheduling test is used, assuming an appropriate priority assignment. We show the surprising result that the exact speedup factors for Deadline Monotonic (DM) priority assignment combined with sufficient linear-time schedulability tests for implicit-, constrained-, and arbitrary-deadline task sets are the same as those obtained for optimal priority assignment policies combined with exact schedulability tests. Thus in terms of the speedup-factors required, there is no penalty in using DM priority assignment and simple linear schedulability tests

TEORI DURANTI DALAM TRADISI MENGKET RUMAH MBARU PADA MASYARAKAT KARO

Bahasa dan budaya memiliki ikatan yang kuat, bahasa adalah bagian yang tak terpisah dari budaya,dan budaya diwakilkan melalui bahasa. Linguistik antropologi merupakan bagian dari linguistik yangberhubungan dengan budaya dan orang yang terlibat di dalam budaya itu. Menurut Duranti,linguistik anthropologi mempelajari bahasa dan budaya dengan secara simultan dengan proporsiyang seimbang. Dia menyatakan bahwa Linguistik antropologi memiliki tiga bidang, yaitu;perfomansi, indeksikalitas dan partisipasi. Mengket rumah mbaru adalah salah satu tradisi padamasyarakat Karo. Tradisi mengket rumah mbarumerupakan upacara sukacita sebagai ekspresikesuksesan seseorang dapatmendirikan rumah. Pelaksanan tradisi mengket rumahrumah mbaru adatiga tingkatan yang berbeda berdasarkan pada ukuran pesta yaitu ; Kerja singuda, sumalin jabu,miser-miser jabu, (pesta kecil), Kerja sintengah, mengkah-mengkah-dapur, mengket-dapur, Pindahdapur (pesta menengah), Kerja Sintua, ngerencit, ertukam (pesta besar). Setelah melakukanpenelitian, perfomansi, indeks dan partisipasi dapat ditemukan pada tradisi Mengket rumah mbar

PENGARUH PERMAINAN MAKE A MATCH TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KOSA KATA MURID MAITREYAWIRA

Di era Globalisasi ini, Bahasa Mandarin adalah bahasa asing kedua terutama untuk bisnis di Asia Tenggara setelah bahasa Inggris. Semakin lama semakin banyak tempat kursus yang mengajarkan bahasa Mandarin, namun masih saja terdapat beberapa kursus yang belum menetapkan metode pengajaran yang tepat bagi murid-murid. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara signifikan besar pengaruh metode permainan Make A Match terhadap penguasaan kosakata murid sekolah dasar Maitreyawira Medan. Metode permainan Make A Match merupakan suatu metode pengajaran yang melibatkan permainan didalamnya, dimana metode tersebut membuat suasana kelas menjadi lebih aktif dan menyenangkan. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan true experimental design, yang menggunakan tes dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan diterapkannya kegiatan pembelajaran dengan metode permainan Make A Match dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penggunaan kosa kata bahasa Mandarin pada murid sekolah dasar Maitreyawira Medan, yang dimana  Kesimpulannya adalah metode permainan Make A Match cocok untuk diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran kosa kata bahasa Mandarin

ANALYSIS OF INTERPERSONAL METAFUNCTION IN MENGKET RUMAH MBARU TRADITION KARONESE SOCIETY

Karonese mengket rumah mbaru tradition is a ceremony to thank God and to share happiness to the relative and friends because one manages to build his own house. Karonese has a community kinship system named merga si lima, rakut si telu, perkadekaden sisiwah tambah sada. All of them have different functions in mengket rumah mbaru tradition. There is one part of mengket rumah mbaru ceremony that all of them give some kind speech to the host. This research try to find out interpersonal metafunction meaning in the mengket rumah mbaru traditionis. This research employs descriptive qualitative to analyze interpersonal meaning performed in the ceremony by studying the utterances by anak beru, kalimbubu and senina during in one part of the ceremony. The researcher directly involves in this ceremony to observe all the data.  Theory of interpersonal meaning proposed by M.A.K Halliday is applied to analyze and classify the mood auxiliary, personal pronoun in pronoun system. The finding informed that mood positive declarative appears 88,4%. Imperative appear 10.1 %, negative declarative 0%. There are 25 modal verbal found in the ceremony, “will 52% must 16%, can 32% 0%. Personal pronoun “we” 60%, you 24, it =9, she3%, he 4%. Tenses shift future 60%, present tense 40%, and past 10%

Information Dynamics in Living Systems: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Cancer

BACKGROUND: Living systems use information and energy to maintain stable entropy while far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The underlying first principles have not been established. FINDINGS: We propose that stable entropy in living systems, in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium, requires an information extremum (maximum or minimum), which is invariant to first order perturbations. Proliferation and death represent key feedback mechanisms that promote stability even in a non-equilibrium state. A system moves to low or high information depending on its energy status, as the benefit of information in maintaining and increasing order is balanced against its energy cost. Prokaryotes, which lack specialized energy-producing organelles (mitochondria), are energy-limited and constrained to an information minimum. Acquisition of mitochondria is viewed as a critical evolutionary step that, by allowing eukaryotes to achieve a sufficiently high energy state, permitted a phase transition to an information maximum. This state, in contrast to the prokaryote minima, allowed evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. A special case is a malignant cell, which is modeled as a phase transition from a maximum to minimum information state. The minimum leads to a predicted power-law governing the in situ growth that is confirmed by studies measuring growth of small breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS: We find living systems achieve a stable entropic state by maintaining an extreme level of information. The evolutionary divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes resulted from acquisition of specialized energy organelles that allowed transition from information minima to maxima, respectively. Carcinogenesis represents a reverse transition: of an information maximum to minimum. The progressive information loss is evident in accumulating mutations, disordered morphology, and functional decline characteristics of human cancers. The findings suggest energy restriction is a critical first step that triggers the genetic mutations that drive somatic evolution of the malignant phenotype