Franchising from the franchisee\u27s perspective

The focus of this article is on the emergence and development of multi-unit franchising in the USA from the franchisee\u27s perspective. After a historical summary of the development of franchising from a marketing viewpoint, a typology of different franchisee types is provided, and the multi-unit franchising paradox is presented. The article offers a discussion of reasons why individuals might be enticed to become multi-unit franchisees. Emphasis is placed on entrepreneurship as a possible motive for sequential owners\u27 involvement as multi-unit franchisees. The article concludes by providing encouragement for future research to investigate the issue empirically

Franchising from the franchisee\u27s perspective

The focus of this article is on the emergence and development of multi-unit franchising in the USA from the franchisee\u27s perspective. After a historical summary of the development of franchising from a marketing viewpoint, a typology of different franchisee types is provided, and the multi-unit franchising paradox is presented. The article offers a discussion of reasons why individuals might be enticed to become multi-unit franchisees. Emphasis is placed on entrepreneurship as a possible motive for sequential owners\u27 involvement as multi-unit franchisees. The article concludes by providing encouragement for future research to investigate the issue empirically

EPR, Bell, and Quantum Locality

Maudlin has claimed that no local theory can reproduce the predictions of standard quantum mechanics that violate Bell's inequality for Bohm's version (two spin-half particles in a singlet state) of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen problem. It is argued that, on the contrary, standard quantum mechanics itself is a counterexample to Maudlin's claim, because it is local in the appropriate sense (measurements at one place do not influence what occurs elsewhere there) when formulated using consistent principles in place of the inconsistent appeals to "measurement" found in current textbooks. This argument sheds light on the claim of Blaylock that counterfactual definiteness is an essential ingredient in derivations of Bell's inequality.Comment: Minor revisions to previous versio

Channel kets, entangled states, and the location of quantum information

The well-known duality relating entangled states and noisy quantum channels is expressed in terms of a channel ket, a pure state on a suitable tripartite system, which functions as a pre-probability allowing the calculation of statistical correlations between, for example, the entrance and exit of a channel, once a framework has been chosen so as to allow a consistent set of probabilities. In each framework the standard notions of ordinary (classical) information theory apply, and it makes sense to ask whether information of a particular sort about one system is or is not present in another system. Quantum effects arise when a single pre-probability is used to compute statistical correlations in different incompatible frameworks, and various constraints on the presence and absence of different kinds of information are expressed in a set of all-or-nothing theorems which generalize or give a precise meaning to the concept of ``no-cloning.'' These theorems are used to discuss: the location of information in quantum channels modeled using a mixed-state environment; the $CQ$ (classical-quantum) channels introduced by Holevo; and the location of information in the physical carriers of a quantum code. It is proposed that both channel and entanglement problems be classified in terms of pure states (functioning as pre-probabilities) on systems of $p\geq 2$ parts, with mixed bipartite entanglement and simple noisy channels belonging to the category $p=3$, a five-qubit code to the category $p=6$, etc.; then by the dimensions of the Hilbert spaces of the component parts, along with other criteria yet to be determined.Comment: Latex 32 pages, 4 figures in text using PSTricks. Version 3: Minor typographical errors correcte

Types of quantum information

Quantum, in contrast to classical, information theory, allows for different incompatible types (or species) of information which cannot be combined with each other. Distinguishing these incompatible types is useful in understanding the role of the two classical bits in teleportation (or one bit in one-bit teleportation), for discussing decoherence in information-theoretic terms, and for giving a proper definition, in quantum terms, of ``classical information.'' Various examples (some updating earlier work) are given of theorems which relate different incompatible kinds of information, and thus have no counterparts in classical information theory.Comment: Minor changes so as to agree with published versio

Quantum Locality

It is argued that while quantum mechanics contains nonlocal or entangled states, the instantaneous or nonlocal influences sometimes thought to be present due to violations of Bell inequalities in fact arise from mistaken attempts to apply classical concepts and introduce probabilities in a manner inconsistent with the Hilbert space structure of standard quantum mechanics. Instead, Einstein locality is a valid quantum principle: objective properties of individual quantum systems do not change when something is done to another noninteracting system. There is no reason to suspect any conflict between quantum theory and special relativity.Comment: Introduction has been revised, references added, minor corrections elsewhere. To appear in Foundations of Physic

Drying colloidal systems: laboratory models for a wide range of applications

The drying of complex fluids provides a powerful insight into phenomena that take place on time and length scales not normally accessible. An important feature of complex fluids, colloidal dispersions and polymer solutions is their high sensitivity to weak external actions. Thus, the drying of complex fluids involves a large number of physical and chemical processes. The scope of this review is the capacity to tune such systems to reproduce and explore specific properties in a physics laboratory. A wide variety of systems are presented, ranging from functional coatings, food science, cosmetology, medical diagnostics and forensics to geophysics and art

Book Review: Tim Wu, \u3ci\u3eThe Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires\u3c/i\u3e

This book is both a chronicle of the past and a look to the future. The author, a law school professor at Columbia University on leave at the Federal Trade Commission when the book was published, reviews the history of the telegraph, telephone, movies, radio (amplitude modulation [AM] and frequency modulation [FM]), and television (broadcast and cable) industries. In all of these, he finds a recurring pattern, a cycle in which the industry begins in a state of chaos with many entrepreneurs competing for the right to provide peoplewith the means of receiving and/or sending information. The chaos period is short-lived and eventually a monopoly, or very tight oligopoly, emerges to dominate the industry (i.e., control the master switch), retaining its power until technology produces the means of its decline. The Master Switch should be of interest to the readers of this journal. Not only is the Internet the central feature of the evolving market but also is itself an evolving form (think cloud) that influences the creation and destruction of almost every marketing institution. We are living in an era of major change in the communications environment and Professor Wu has given us a perspective on that change—one that makes a book that is hard to put down, while at the same time it manages to be so thought provoking that one has to lay it aside occasionally to contemplate the message

Business cycles in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, 1947-1958

This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at [email protected]