John Dewey et sa glose approfondie de la théorie peircienne de la qualité

Dans un article peu connu sur la doctrine peircienne de la qualité, John Dewey a non seulement précisé la nature et le rôle du qualitatif dans le système des catégories, mais il a également mis en évidence les implications philosophiques et méthodologiques de cette découverte fondamentale. Il s’est attaché à développer cette doctrine et à en chercher les applications dans d’autres écrits essentiels, où la catégorie de la qualité se trouve associée à la production de formes proprement iconiques et à la constitution de formes de l’expérience moins artistiques qu’esthétiques. J’essaie dans cet article de retrouver les racines de la pensée de Dewey dans l’oeuvre de Peirce et de dégager non seulement les rapports qu’entretiennent les deux projets philosophiques, mais aussi leurs capacités heuristiques respectives.In a little known article on Peirce’s doctrine of quality, John Dewey not only defined the role and nature of the domain of quality within the theory of categories, but he also drew attention to the philosophical and methodological implications of Peirce’s fundamental discovery. Dewey endeavoured to develop the doctrine and investigate its applications in a number of essential texts, wherein the category of quality is associated with the production of iconic forms and the establishment of forms of experience which are more aesthetic than artistic. In this article, I attempt to trace the roots of Dewey’s thought in Peirce’s philosophy, and to specify not only the relations between the two philosophies but also their respective heuristic potential

Interactions between response stereotypy and memory strategies on the eight-arm radial maze

Three groups of water-deprived rats collected water from the ends of the 8 arms of an 8-arm radial maze. Sighted subjects, and subjects blinded either with or without pre-enucleation experience on the radial maze, all retrieved the water efficiently. Most of the subjects exhibited the same response stereotypy, regularly choosing 8 adjacent arms of the maze, then stopping in the center of the maze. The strategies underlying this performance were analyzed by interrupting trials and rotating the maze 180° after the subject had made 3 choices. Sighted subjects depended on extramaze stimuli, naive-blind subjects depended on intramaze stimuli and experienced-blind subjects ignored their initial 3 choices after the trial was interrupted. Choice accuracy was equally good whether the subject was returned to the position from which it had been removed, or returned to the opposite side of the central platform. All 3 groups of subjects maintained their stereotyped adjacent-arm responding only as long as such responding was consistent with high choice accuracy. Response stereotypy was prevalent on the radial maze, but response strategies were secondary to memory strategies

Entre naturaleza y arte. Algunas ejemplificaciones analíticas de la estética de Dewey = Between nature and art. Some analytical examples of the Dewey's aesthetic

El arte como experiencia de Dewey es principalmente un trabajo de teoría y reconstrucción conceptual. También está impregnado de un rico conjunto de alusiones a obras de arte en todos los géneros, así como a circunstancias experimentales en las que la naturaleza se considera desde un punto de vista estético. Está lleno de agudos comentarios que se extienden desde las pinturass chinas a través del Moisés de Miguel Ángel hasta las pinturas manieristas italianas y la escuela francesa, sin mencionar las agudas reflexiones sobre arquitectura y música. Este artículo, explora la relevancia y el valor analítico de ejemplos seleccionados que Dewey utiliza para respaldar sus categorías analíticas clave

A Flight Investigation of the Low-Speed Handling Qualities of a Tailless Delta-Wing Fighter Airplane

Carrier landing-approach studies of a tailless delta-wing fighter airplane disclosed that approach speeds were limited by ability to control altitude and lateral-directional characteristics. More detailed flight studies of the handling-qualities characteristics of the airplane in the carrier-approach configuration documented a number of factors that contributed to the adverse comments on the lateral-directional characteristics. These were: (1) the tendency of the airplane to roll around the highly inclined longitudinal axis, so that significant sideslip angles developed in the roll as a result only of kinematic effects; (2) reduction of the rolling response to the ailerons because of the large dihedral effect in conjunction with the kinematically developed sideslip angles; and (3) the onset of rudder lock at moderate angles of sideslip at the lowest speeds with wing tanks installed. The first two of the factors listed are inseparably identified with this type of configuration which is being considered for many of the newer designs and may, therefore, represent a problem which will be encountered frequently in the future. The results are of added significance in the demonstration of a typical situation in which extraneous factors occupy so much of the pilot's attention that his capability of coping with the problems of precise flight-path control is reduced, and he accordingly demands a greater speed margin above the stall to allow for airspeed fluctuations

Flight Investigation of the Low-Speed Characteristics of a 45 deg Swept-Wing Fighter-Type Airplane with Blowing Boundary-Layer Control Applied to the Leading- and Trailing-Edge Flaps

A flight investigation has been conducted to study how pilots use the high lift available with blowing-type boundary-layer control applied to the leading- and trailing-edge flaps of a 45 deg. swept-wing airplane. The study includes documentation of the low-speed handling qualities as well as the pilots' evaluations of the landing-approach characteristics. All the pilots who flew the airplane considered it more comfortable to fly at low speeds than any other F-100 configuration they had flown. The major improvements noted were the reduced stall speed, the improved longitudinal stability at high lift, and the reduction in low-speed buffet. The study has shown the minimum comfortable landing-approach speeds are between 120.5 and 126.5 knots compared to 134 for the airplane with a slatted leading edge and the same trailing-edge flap. The limiting factors in the pilots' choices of landing-approach speeds were the limits of ability to control flight-path angle, lack of visibility, trim change with thrust, low static directional stability, and sluggish longitudinal control. Several of these factors were found to be associated with the high angles of attack, between 13 deg. and 15 deg., required for the low approach speeds. The angle of attack for maximum lift coefficient was 28 deg