Study of advanced InSb arrays for SIRTF (Space Infrared Telescope Facility)

The Santa Barbara Research Center has completed a study leading to the development of advanced Indium Antimonide detector arrays for the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) Focal Plane Array Detector (FPAD) Subsystem of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Band 1. The overall goal of the study was to perform design tradeoff studies, analysis and research to develop a Direct Readout Integrated Circuit to be hybridized to an advanced, high performance InSb detector array that would satisfy the technical requirements for Band 1 as specified in the IRAC Instrument Requirements Document (IRD), IRAC-202. The overall goal of the study was divided into both a near-term goal and a far-term goal. The near-term goal identifies current technology available that approaches, and in some cases meets the program technological goals as specified in IRAC-202. The far-term goal identifies technology development required to completely achieve SIRTF program goals. Analyses of potential detector materials indicates that InSb presently meets all Band 1 requirements and is considered to be the baseline approach due to technical maturity. The major issue with regard to photovoltaic detectors such as InSb and HgCdTe is to achieve a reduction in detector capacitance

The Demand For Money in the U.S. During the Great Depression: Estimates and Comparison with the Post War Experience

This study investigates the equilibrium demand for narrowly defined monetary aggregate during the Great Depression. We find evidence in support of a stable demand for real balance, but no evidence in support of stable demand functions for real currency and real monetary base. This is consistent with the Friedman-Schwartz interpretation of this period. We do not reject the hypothesis that the equilibrium demand for real Ml is stable between the pre and post WWII sample periods. We find that the "shift in the drift" of Ml velocity after 1945 and at the end of 1981 as well as the "shift in the drift" of currency and base velocities in 1981 is the image of corresponding "shift in the drift" of short-term interest rates. We interpret this as consistent with the hypothesis that the dramatic change in velocity patterns after WWII and in 1981 result from changes in inflationary expectations.

Calculation of the Stability Index in Parameter-Dependent Calculus of Variations Problems: Buckling of a Twisted Elastic Strut

We consider the problem of minimizing the energy of an inextensible elastic strut with length 1 subject to an imposed twist angle and force. In a standard calculus of variations approach, one first locates equilibria by solving the Euler--Lagrange ODE with boundary conditions at arclength values 0 and 1. Then one classifies each equilibrium by counting conjugate points, with local minima corresponding to equilibria with no conjugate points. These conjugate points are arclength values $\sigma \le 1$ at which a second ODE (the Jacobi equation) has a solution vanishing at $0$ and $\sigma$. Finding conjugate points normally involves the numerical solution of a set of initial value problems for the Jacobi equation. For problems involving a parameter $\lambda$, such as the force or twist angle in the elastic strut, this computation must be repeated for every value of $\lambda$ of interest. Here we present an alternative approach that takes advantage of the presence of a parameter $\lambda$. Rather than search for conjugate points $\sigma \le 1$ at a fixed value of $\lambda$, we search for a set of special parameter values $\lambda_m$ (with corresponding Jacobi solution \bfzeta^m) for which $\sigma=1$ is a conjugate point. We show that, under appropriate assumptions, the index of an equilibrium at any $\lambda$ equals the number of these \bfzeta^m for which \langle \bfzeta^m, \Op \bfzeta^m \rangle < 0, where \Op is the Jacobi differential operator at $\lambda$. This computation is particularly simple when $\lambda$ appears linearly in \Op. We apply this approach to the elastic strut, in which the force appears linearly in \Op, and, as a result, we locate the conjugate points for any twisted unbuckled rod configuration without resorting to numerical solution of differential equations. In addition, we numerically compute two-dimensional sheets of buckled equilibria (as the two parameters of force and twist are varied) via a coordinated family of one-dimensional parameter continuation computations. Conjugate points for these buckled equilibria are determined by numerical solution of the Jacobi ODE

6. The 1960s

From David Moore – “I served as dean of the ILR School during the 1960s. This was a period that started in relative tranquility and ended in tumultuous disarray with students demonstrating, administrators trying to maintain control, and faculty worrying about traditional academic freedom and values.” Includes: Remembrances of Things Past – 1963-71; Creation of the Public Employment Relations Board; and Alumni Perspectives

A New Reading of Kant\u27s Theory of Punishment

There are deep, insurmountable difficulties with the traditional interpretation of Immanuel Kantâ??s writings on the subject of punishment. Although it is undeniable that throughout his published writings on practical philosophy â?? and in particular in his Metaphysics of Morals â?? he consistently advocates for the view that punishment can only be justified as a direct response to an individualâ??s act of wrongdoing, his status as one of the foremost theorists in the retributivist pantheon is philosophically untenable. In this dissertation, I articulate the ways in which Kantâ??s explicit support for retributivism directly contradicts more foundational elements of his practical philosophy and argue instead that he has the resources to consistently construct a deterrent theory of punishment. In particular, I highlight Kantâ??s division of duties and his conception of the state to demonstrate that the idea of a political community retributively responding to moral desert is wholly incompatible with Kantian principles. In order to overcome these obstacles, I develop a new approach to Kantian deterrence â?? which I call Kantian Protective Deterrence â?? that grounds the stateâ??s right to exercise coercive force against its citizens in what Kant understood to be its fundamental role of protecting each individual citizen from violations of her or his right to exercise external freedoms

Total Mercury in Heron and Egret Eggs and Excreta

Author Institution: Ohio Cooperative Wildlife Research UnitComplete clutches of great blue heron (Ardea herodias), black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), and great egret (Casmerodius albus) eggs were collected along with excreta from nesting colonies in southwestern Lake Erie during the 1973 and 1974 breeding seasons and analyzed for total mercury content. Mercury levels in eggs ranged from 0.04 to 0.47 ppm. Mercury concentrations in excreta ranged from 0.09 to 0.48 ppm

Herring Gulls Nesting in Artificial Goose-Nesting Structures

Author Institution: Winous Point Shooting ClubHerring gull (Larus argentatus) nesting in artificial goose-nesting structures was documented at the Winous Point Shooting Club, Port Clinton, Ohio, 1974-78. Gulls and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) nested in 14—28% and 12—23% of the structures, respectively. Gulls nesting in the structures did not influence goose nesting. Clutch sizes and egg-laying dates were synchronous with other local populations of herring gulls and Canada geese. Aggressive interactions between geese and gulls resulted in geese dominating the structures