Individual variation in fear behaviour

Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly

Individual variation in fear behaviour

Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly

Cognition, emotion, personality and the conservation and management of wild ungulates

Increasing public understanding of the complexity of wild ungulates can improve animal welfare and advance global conservation efforts of these keystone species. Unfortunately, shaping public opinion on wild species is challenging because personal experience with wildlife is declining, popular education is still biased towards the predator instead of the prey, and scientific research is more difficult to conduct on wild ungulates compared to those on farms, in zoos, or otherwise in captivity. Nevertheless, studies of cognition, individuality, and intelligence of wild ungulates are increasing. I briefly highlight some major results from my own work on complexity in wild elk, illustrating how such studies can help management and conservation, in addition to improve our understanding of how ungulates are more similar to humans than previously thought. I argue that ultimately the greatest challenge may not be in expanding our academic knowledge of complexity in wild and captive ungulates, but in using that knowledge to inform those best positioned to take meaningful action to improve animal welfare and implement wildlife conservation strategies

Found & St. Clair_Laterality_BNP_data.xlsx

Elk behaviour data

Found_magpie X elk mutualism data

Data from personality observations and experiments, for magpies and elk, and results for cleaner-bird interactions.<br

AC Frequency

Data for AC frequency research.<br

Diet of Grey Wolves (Canis lupus) During Calving in a Moose– Caribou System in Northern Ontario

Grey Wolves (Canis lupus) are a leading proximate cause of declining populations of Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), a threatened species. Although predation on adult caribou has been well documented, less is known about predation on neonatal calves. We used scat analysis to examine the diet of wolves in an area of Ontario overlapping the receding southern limit of caribou occurrence. Wolves consumed mostly Moose (Alces americanus; 82.7%), followed by American Beaver (Castor canadensis; 10.9%), caribou (3.1%), and Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus; 1.5%). This low use of caribou is consistent with other evidence suggesting that caribou are a minor dietary component of wolves in this system; however, because most caribou consumption consists of calves, the impact on this slowly reproducing species may still be significant

State-of-the-art for manufacturing management: Advancing the research agenda and practice through literature reviews

No abstract available

Model structures and variables for each of three different types of analyses of the effects of aversive conditioning frequency, and its subsequent removal, on elk flight response distance or proximity from town as the result of conditioning, and the effect of habituation level (pre-conditioned flight response distance) on changes to flight response effect sizes during and after conditioning.

<p>Model structures and variables for each of three different types of analyses of the effects of aversive conditioning frequency, and its subsequent removal, on elk flight response distance or proximity from town as the result of conditioning, and the effect of habituation level (pre-conditioned flight response distance) on changes to flight response effect sizes during and after conditioning.</p