232 research outputs found
Circular and linear magnetic birefringences in xenon at nm
The circular and linear magnetic birefringences corresponding to the Faraday
and the Cotton-Mouton effects, respectively, have been measured in xenon at
nm. The experimental setup is based on time dependent magnetic
fields and a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Our value of the Faraday effect
is the first measurement at this wavelength. It is compared to theoretical
predictions. Our uncertainty of a few percent yields an agreement at better
than 1 with the computational estimate when relativistic effects are
taken into account. Concerning the Cotton-Mouton effect, our measurement, the
second ever published at nm, agrees at better than
with theoretical predictions. We also compare our error budget with those
established for other experimental published values
MiR675-5p acts on HIF-1α to sustain hypoxic responses: A new therapeutic strategy for glioma
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumours. In glioma, it is considered the major driving force for tumour angiogenesis and correlates with enhanced resistance to conventional therapies, increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis for patients. Here we describe, for the first time, that miR675-5p, embedded in hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA H19, plays a mandatory role in establishing a hypoxic response and in promoting hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. We demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that miR675-5p over expression in normoxia is sufficient to induce a hypoxic moreover, miR675-5p depletion in low oxygen conditions, drastically abolishes hypoxic responses including angiogenesis. In addition, our data indicate an interaction of miR675-5p, HIF-1α mRNA and the RNA Binding Protein HuR in hypoxia-induced responses. We suggest the modulation of miR675-5p as a new therapeutic option to promote or abolish hypoxia induced angiogenesis
Quality of life, alexithymia, and defence mechanisms in patients affected by breast cancer across different stages of illness
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alexithymia and defence mechanisms on the quality of life of patients affected by breast cancer at different stages of the disease.
Methods A convenience sample of 110 patients with breast cancer was involved in the study: 41 were receiving adjuvant chemotherapyafter surgery, 29 had disease-free survival in follow-up and 40 were receiving chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Quality of life, alexithymia and defence mechanisms were assessed using the following instruments: EORTC QLQ-C30-BR23, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI). Results Compared to the other groups, patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic disease reported poorer quality of life in several domains, more severe cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms and higher levels of alexithymia. When the effect of other potential predictors was taken into account, TAS-20 difficulty in identifying feelings was significantly related to all the EORTC functional subscale.
Conclusion: This study underlined the relevance of difficulty in emotional processing and defence mechanisms in modulating psychological adjustment in women affected by breast cancer, suggesting that these might be potential targets of psychological intervention for this population
Assessment of the Treatment Performance of an Open-Air Green Wall Fed with Graywater under Winter Conditions
Graywater (GW), i.e., the portion of household wastewater that excludes toilet flushes, is an interesting wastewater type because it requires only mild treatment. Green walls have been proposed as example of a nature-based solution for GW treatment due to low energy requirement and high ecological/societal benefits; however, indications about their treatment performances remain limited. This work presents experimental results of a laboratory modular green wall for GW treatment. Experiments have been performed outdoors during the winter season for three months. Each panel included four vertical columns of planted pots, and it was fed with 100 L of synthetic GW per day. Removal efficiencies were as follows (average values): 40% chemical oxygen demand, 97% biochemical oxygen demand, 61% total Kjeldhal nitrogen, 56% NO3–-N, 57% total phosphorus, 99% Escherichia coli, and 63% anionic surfactants. This work proved the potential of an open-air green wall for treating GW, even under challenging conditions for biological treatment processes and with high hydraulic loading rates
Evaluation of the influence of filter medium composition on treatment performances in an open-air green wall fed with greywater.
Abstract According to the European Research and Innovation Policy Agenda, nature-based solutions (NBSs) are key technologies to improve the sustainability of urban areas. Among NBSs, green walls have been recently studied for several applications, among the others the treatment of lowly polluted wastewater flows as greywater (GW, e.g. domestic wastewater excluding toilet flushes). This work is aimed at the evaluation of the influence of four additives (compost, biochar, granular activated carbon, polyacrylate) mixed with a base filter medium made of coconut fibre and perlite, on the performances of a green wall fed in batch mode with synthetic GW. The green wall was operated with a high hydraulic loading rate of GW (740.8 L/m2/day) in open-air winter conditions (3.5–15 °C measured for GW) between January and April. The performances of the green wall have been assessed though the monitoring every 1–2 weeks of physicochemical and biological parameters (pH, electric conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD5 and COD, nitrogen and phosporus compounds, chlorides and sulphates, anionic surfactants and E. coli). Removal performances were excellent for BOD5 (>95%) and E.coli (>98%) for all additives; compared to the base medium, biochar was the best performing additive over the highest number of parameters, achieving removals equal to 51% for COD, 47% for TKN and nitric nitrogen and 71% for anionic surfactants. Compost also achieved high removal performances, but the frequent clogging events occurred during the monitoring period do not make its use recommendable. Granular activated carbon and the combination of biochar and polyacrylate performed better than the base medium, but only about the removal of nitric nitrogen. These results demonstrated that, in the considered experimental boundaries, biochar could improve the overall treatment performances of a green wall fed by GW and operated in challenging conditions
A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits
Abstract Recognizing greywater as a relevant secondary source of water and nutrients represents an important chance for the sustainable management of water resource. In the last two decades, many studies analysed the environmental, economic, and energetic benefits of the reuse of greywater treated by nature-based solutions (NBS). This work reviews existing case studies of traditional constructed wetlands and new integrated technologies (e.g., green roofs and green walls) for greywater treatment and reuse, with a specific focus on their treatment performance as a function of hydraulic operating parameters. The aim of this work is to understand if the application of NBS can represent a valid alternative to conventional treatment technologies, providing quantitative indications for their design. Specifically, indications concerning threshold values of hydraulic design parameters to guarantee high removal performance are suggested. Finally, the existing literature on life cycle analysis of NBS for greywater treatment has been examined, confirming the provided environmental benefits
Generation of a human iPSC line, FINCBi001-A, carrying a homoplasmic m.G3460A mutation in MT-ND1 associated with Leber's Hereditary optic Neuropathy (LHON)
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disorder caused by homoplasmic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). LHON is characterized by the selective degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Almost all LHON maternal lineages are homoplasmic mutant (100% mtDNA copies are mutant) for one of three frequent mtDNA mutations now found in over 90% of patients worldwide (m.11778G > A/MT-ND4, m.3460G > A/MT-ND1, m.14484 T > C/MT-ND6). Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated from a patient carrying the homoplasmic m.3460G > A/MT-ND1 mutation using the Sendai virus non-integrating virus
Impact and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Multidisciplinary, AMSTAR-2 Compliant Review of Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses
BackgroundSarcopenia (SP) is defined as the quantitative and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. SP is commonly related to older age and is frequent in patients with cancer. To provide an overview of SP in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) and to evaluate the current evidence, we analyzed the available systematic reviews and meta-analyses. MethodsReviews were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases, without date restriction. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the prognostic impact of SP and on any treatments aimed at reducing SP effect, in patients undergoing RT, were included in this review. The analyses not separately reporting the results in patients treated with RT were excluded. The quality assessment was performed using AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews). ResultsFrom the 84 papers identified, five reviews met the inclusion criteria with four reports mainly including non-randomized trials. Three reviews on the effect of SP showed a significantly negative impact on overall survival in patients undergoing RT and/or chemoradiation for H&N cancers (HR: 1.63-2.07). Two reviews on interventional studies showed the possibility of 1) improving physical functions through nutritional and physical interventions and 2) avoiding muscle wasting by means of sufficient protein intake. The quality assessment of the included review showed that two and three analyses are classifiable as having low and moderate overall confidence rating, respectively. ConclusionsThe analyzed reviews uniformly confirmed the negative impact of SP in patients with H&N tumors undergoing RT and the possibility of improving muscle mass and function through nutritional and physical interventions. These results justify further research on this topic based on a more uniform SP definition and on a complete evaluation of the potentially confounding parameters
Investigating Serum sHLA-G Cooperation With MRI Activity and Disease-Modifying Treatment Outcome in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a demyelinating disease in which pathogenesis T cells have a major role. Despite the unknown etiology, several risk factors have been described, including a strong association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Recent findings showed that HLA class I-G (HLA-G) may be tolerogenic in MS, but further insights are required. To deepen the HLA-G role in MS inflammation, we measured soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and cytokines serum level in 27 patients with RRMS at baseline and after 12 and 24 months of natalizumab (NTZ) treatment. Patients were divided into high (sHLA-G>20 ng/ml), medium (sHLA-G between 10 and 20 ng/ml), and low (sHLA-G <10 ng/ml) producers. Results showed a heterogeneous distribution of genotypes among producers, with no significant differences between groups. A significant decrease of sHLA-G was found after 24 months of NTZ in low producers carrying the +3142 C/G genotype. Finally, 83.3% of high and 100% of medium producers were MRI-activity free after 24 months of treatment, compared to 63.5% of low producers. Of note, we did not find any correlation of sHLA-G with peripheral cell counts or cytokines level. These findings suggest that serum sHLA-G level may partly depend on genotype rather than peripheral inflammation, and that may have impacted on MRI activity of patients over treatment
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