An Analysis of Preposition (Idiomatic Phrases, Prepositional Phrases and Zero Prepositions) Detection Errors in the Writing of Graduate ESL Learners of Pakistan

In this paper we describe a methodology for detecting preposition errors in the writing of ESL graduate learners To investigate the nature of errors in the writing skill problems of graduate learners two fifty graduate male and female learners randomly selected from four colleges and one university were asked to complete two writing skill tasks Fifth word deletion and open composition test The study is related to the research question Why ESL graduate learners commit errors in their writing skills a Prepositions phrasal verbs and idiomatic phrases It is detected that preposition overuse and preposition omission are the common problems for ESL Besides students deem prepositions quite tricky to use in their writing So the findings show the wrong use of prepositions specifically with in of and unnecessary insertion of prepositions It is observed that errors are because of the interference of L1 in L2 Besides the final results of the two tests showed that Prepositions prepositional verbs prepositional phrases phrasal verbs zero prepositions are quite problematic for ESL learners The learners try to put prepositions on the same patterns of L1 which ultimately leads them towards error

Teaching paediatric critical care medicine to paediatric residents

Critical care training during paediatric residency provides an ideal opportunity to learn and refine the skills needed in the early recognition and prompt treatment of the acutely ill paediatric patients. Paediatric critical care medicine is a relatively young sub-specialty in Pakistan. The aim of this study is to describe our experience of teaching paediatric residents in paediatric critical care medicine during paediatric intensive care unit rotation. Our paediatric critical care teaching curriculum for residents is based on the spectrum of our common critical care problems along with basic principal of critical care. The clinical rotation in our paediatric intensive care unit is very dynamic, thrilling, enjoyable and provides a lot of learning opportunities. During the rotation, the residents were exposed to all major critical care illnesses in infants and children. We use four traditional models of learning in our Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU): bedside rounds, direct patient care, didactic learning and self-study. Our curriculum enhances the resident\u27s educational and clinical experience of paediatric intensive care medicine

Designing a Customer Retention Framework for Telecommunication Sector

Abstract: Telecommunication sector has grown over last decade while transforming behavioral intentions. New entrants are exploring these behavioral intentions to attract more customers. The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in telecom industry on service quality, brand image and customer retention relationship. Furthermore, it identifies the key determinants of customer retention related to telecom service providers. A fully structured questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from 310 mobile users. Non-probability sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Regression analysis and Sobel test technique were practiced to analyze the data. The result showed that customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality, brand image and customer retention. Moreover, this study found that service quality, brand image and customer satisfaction are the strongest predictors of customer retention in telecom industry of Pakistan. Therefore, to gain customer loyalty, organizations should focus current-users and target-users by providing sterling service qualit

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of nickel (II) and copper (II) complexes of N-(alkyl(aryl)carbamothioyl)-4-nitrobenzamide

Nickel and copper metal complexes of N-(R-carbamothioyl)-4-nitrobenzamide (R = diphenyl and ethylbutyl) were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The spectroscopic data are consistent with the ligand and the metal complexes containing two O and S chelated ligands. N-(diphenylcarbamothioyl)-4-nitrobenzamide, HL1, was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P  with unit cell dimensions of a = 6.8044(4) Å, b = 10.0113(6) Å, c = 13.2365(8) Å, α = 6.8044(4) °, β = 78.171(4) °, γ = 13.2365(8)°, V = 882.43(9) Å3. The ligands coordinate as bidentates yielding essentially neutral complexes of the type [ML2]. The ligands and complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activities and comparatively the complexes showed greater antibacterial efficacy than the thiourea derivative ligands

1-(4-Bromo­phen­yl)-3-(2-thienylcarbon­yl)thio­urea

The title compound, C12H9BrN2OS2, consists of two planar parts, viz. the thio­phene ring including all substituents (r.m.s. deviation 0.007 Å) and the benzene ring including the respective substituents as well as the thione group (r.m.s. deviation 0.05 Å). The inter­planar angle is 18.84 (6)°. An intra­molecular Cphen­yl—N—H⋯OC hydrogen bond is observed. The three-dimensional packing involves three types of inter­actions, viz. N—H⋯S, C—H⋯S (× 2) and Br⋯S [3.6924 (6) Å]

N,N′-(Methyl­enedi-p-phenyl­ene)dibenzamide

The title compound, C27H22N2O2, consists of two chemically equivalent halves. However, it displays no crystallographic symmetry, only an approximate local twofold symmetry (r.m.s. deviation = 0.15 Å between the two halves of the molecule) is observed. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by two anti­parallel classical N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming broad chains parallel to (10). A series of weak C—H⋯N/O hydrogen bonds is also present

1-(Benzothia­zol-2-yl)-3-(4-nitro­benzo­yl)thio­urea

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C15H10N4O3S2, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.1Å for all non-H atoms). An intra­molecular N—H⋯O=C hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected into layers parallel to (10) by a classical inter­molecular hydrogen bond from the second NH group to a nitro O atom and by three weak hydrogen bonds of the C—H⋯X type (X = O or Sthione)

Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control and State Dependent Kalman Filter Design for Underground Gasification Energy Conversion Process

The fluctuations in the heating value of an underground coal gasification (UCG) process limit its application in electricity generation, where a desired composition of the combustible gases is required to operate gas turbines efficiently. This shortcoming can be addressed by designing a robust control scheme for the process. In the current research work, a model-based, chattering-free sliding mode control (CFSMC) algorithm is developed to maintain a desired heating value trajectory of the syngas mixture. Besides robustness, CFSMC yields reduced chattering due to continuous control law, and the tracking error also converges in finite time. To estimate the unmeasurable states required for the controller synthesis, a state-dependent Kalman filter (SDKF) based on the quasi-linear decomposition of the nonlinear model is employed. The simulation results demonstrate that despite the external disturbance and measurement noise, the control methodology yields good tracking performance. A comparative analysis is also made between CFSMC, a conventional SMC, and an already designed dynamic integral SMC (DISMC), which shows that CFSMC yields (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) improvement in the root mean squared tracking error with respect to SMC and DISMC, respectively. Moreover, CFSMC consumes (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) less control energy as compared to SMC and DISMC, respectively

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a patient with keloid over ear lobule

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem with predominance in resource-poor countries. Extrapulmonary TB constitutes approximately 10% of the cases and can present as different forms depending on the route of entry. Cutaneous TB is a small subset of the extrapulmonary TB. Cutaneous TB can either be of primary origin or secondary origin or it can be a part of a systemic infection. TB verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is the exogenous reinfection of TB in a previously sensitised patient. Routine cultures do not have a high yield in TBVC due to the paucibacillary nature of the organism. Here we are presenting a rare case of a patient who developed in a keloid over the right ear lobule following ear piercing. This has only been presented once in the previous literature and for the first time in the head and neck region

3,5-Dinitro-N-(1,3-thia­zol-2-yl)benzamide monohydrate

In the title compound, C10H6N4O5S·H2O, the thia­zole ring is twisted at a dihedral angle of 25.87 (7)° with respect to the benzene ring. The water mol­ecule is linked with the benzamide mol­ecules via N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, π–π stacking is observed between nearly parallel [dihedral angle = 7.02 (7)°] thia­zole and benzene rings of adjacent mol­ecules, the centroid–centroid distances being 3.7107 (9) and 3.7158 (9) Å, respectively