Variations in certain biological aspects of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation to color of its forms

The stock populations of two groups of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) were collected from cucurbitaceous plant leaves cultivated in Assiut and the New Valley Governorates, Egypt. Both aphid groups were brought into the laboratory and used as base line of pirimicarb resistance. Pirimicarb LC50 base line was determined by the dipping technique in successive concentrations of the trade form of pirimicarb mixed in water. The LC25 was determined monthly throughout two years and used in the selection.. This procedure resulted four aphid forms at each location (i.e., base line, mixed, light color, and dark color).  It was found that the total nymphal duration of dark forms collected from both locations did not vary significantly from the base line forms. Data of the reproductive biology of aphids from both locations showed that the fecundity period, longevity and productivity of the dark morphs were significantly higher than those of the base line ones

Synthesis and DFT Study of Newly Schiff Base and Fused Heterocyclic Compounds as Antibacterial Agent

Treatment of 2,3-di-(4-chlorophenyl) oxirane-2,3-dicarbonitriles(1) with nitrogen nucleophiles, e.g. N2H4, NH2OH afforded pyrazole 2, 1.2oxazole 3 derivatives respectively The 3-amino pyrazole-4-one derivatives 2 can be used as a key starting materials to synthesize some important Schiff base 4 and fused heterocyclic compounds e.g. Imidazolo-[4,5-c]pyrazole 5, Pyrazolo[3,4-e]1,2,4-triazine 6, pyrazol[1,2-a] 1,3,5-triazine 7, 8 and 9. The electromeric effect of the halogen atom in the aryl moieties can be controlled upon the rate of reaction and the yield of the product. The structures of synthesized new compounds were characterized by spectral data and screened for their antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi strains. The heterocyclic compounds 7, 8 and 9 that contained bridgehead nitrogen gave an excellent result.&nbsp

Relationships between selectivity of Aphis gossypii Glover and Aphis craccivora Koch to sucrose and maltose and their resistance to pirimicarb

Pirimicarb LC50 base line was determined by the dipping technique in successive concentrations of the trade form of pirimicarb in water. The LC25 was used for the selection every month through a year. In case of 10 sucrose solutions versus water, 8 counts indicated that aphids did not prefer the sucrose solution. After 6 hours the cotton aphid could not discriminate between the sugar solution and water. The discrimination between sugars was enhanced by adding 10% maltose. It was observed that the dark forms of the cotton aphid, A. gossypii and light forms of the cowpea aphid, A. craccivora attracted to the higher sucrose solution than the other forms. The cotton aphid, A. gossypii has a light color as the basic color, transforming under reversible condition to dark green, whereas, the basic color of cowpea aphid, A. craccivora usually black in color, transforming under stress to light brownish. This reversed evidence explained the differences in response towards sugar of the two aphid species.It may be concluded that the dark morphs of A. gossypii, and light morphs of A. craccivora which are considered pirimicarb resistant preferred high sugar levels. In other meaning, the present study proved that dark morphs of the cotton aphid and light forms of the cowpea aphid were resistant to pirimicarb and this resistance was positively correlated with the levels of sugars in the plants. Therefore, plant breeders are requested to pay efforts in screening process of resistant plants to produce plants with low sugar contents to increase the effectiveness of pirimicarb against both species of aphids. 

Factors affecting Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting some tomato hybrids throughout summer season in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt

An area of about half acre was cultivated with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) in 2012 summer season. Obtained data indicated that the infestation began when the plant aged one month. Infestation with T. absoluta reached the maximum number of 50 and 28 larvae per 10 leaves on hybrids of H6 and H7, respectively. The infestation was then decreased gradually until the end of the season. The relative efficiency of the plant age factor was found 25% out of about 90%. Data indicated also that mirid bugs seemed to be responsible for about 14% of the variability of the infestation with T. absoluta larvae. Mirid bugs occupied the second rank of the rating sort. Both hybrids, (H6 and H7) showed similar effect of maximum temperature on larval infestation. Rating sort of co-efficient of determination revealed that the air temperature ranked the fourth factor. However, air temperature was found to be responsible for about 9% and 10% of the variability of larval infestation between the two hybrids H6 and H7, respectively. The maximum relative humidity took the lowest level. The statistical analysis indicated that the coefficient of determination of soil temperature and larvae of T. absoluta infesting H6 and H7 was about 10% and 17%, respectively. Results of the present investigation clearly show that plant age (Rate 1) may be the key factor as it had a small simple correlation despite RH (Rate8) approximately had a similar simple correlation. These reversed evidences, prove that the simple correlation is not enough to determine the potency of an independent factor unless it correlate with other factors. Thus, multi-coefficient analysis is highly recommended in such cases

On the bounds of the expected nearest neighbor distance

In this paper, we give some contributions for special distributions having unbounded support    for which we derive upper and lower bounds on the expected nearest neighbor distance of the extreme value (Gumbel) distribution as typical

Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

AbstractObjectiveTo assess safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided TAP block in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis.Subjects and methodsThis randomized controlled trial involved 108 children, 3–7years old, randomly allocated into one of two equal groups; TAP Group and Control Group. All children received general anesthesia using propofol 1.5–2.5mg/kg, atracurium 0.5mg/kg and fentanyl 2μg/kg. TAP Group received 0.5ml/kg of ropivacaine 0.375% bilaterally under ultrasound guidance and control group received regular analgesics. Quality of analgesia was assessed using Children’s Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and Objective behavioral pain score (OPS). The primary outcome measures were hemodynamic parameters and degree of pain. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative fentanyl requirement, postoperative rescue analgesia (time and dose), complications, hospital stay and degree of satisfaction of patients and their parents.ResultsTAP block group had significantly lower intraoperative fentanyl dose (p<0.001), significantly longer time to first postoperative request of analgesic (p<0.001), lower analgesic dose during the first postoperative 24h (p<0.001) and lower pain scores along the whole 24 postoperative hours. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were within the clinically accepted range in the two groups. Parents’ satisfaction was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the TAP block group.ConclusionTAP block under ultrasound guidance was easy, safe, reliable and effective analgesic in children undergoing laparoscopic surgery for undescended testis

Modification of erbium photoluminescence decay rate due to ITO layers on thin films of SiO2:Er doped with Si-nanoclusters

International audienceDuring the fabrication of MOS light emitting devices, the thin film of active material is usually characterized by photoluminescence measurements before electrical contacts are deposited. However, the presence of a conductive contact layer can alter the luminescent properties of the active material. The local optical density of states changes due to the proximity of luminescent species to the interface with the conductive medium (the top electrode), and this modifies the radiative rate of luminescent centers within the active layer. In this paper we report enhancement of the observed erbium photoluminescence rate after deposition of indium tin oxide contacts on thin films of SiO 2 :Er containing silicon nanoclusters, and relate this to Purcell enhancement of the erbium radiative rate