Generalidades de la familia Filoviridae y el virus del Ébola: una actualización de sus implicaciones en la población humana

Characteristics of the family Filoviridae and the Ebola virus: an update of its implications in the human population The family Filoviridae is integrated by a group of filamentous RNA viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in primates and other mammals, including humans, mainly in the African continent. Ebolavirus, arburgrvirus and Lloviu cuevavirus are the members of this family, and their main reservoirs are bats from the family Pteropodidae. The present review describes the main characteristics of the Filoviruses, pathophysiology and epidemiology on the human population, with a focus on the Ebolavirus, a pathogen of great epidemiological importance responsible for the death of 13 293 people since 1976. The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 was the largest in history, with 28 652 cases, representing more than 90% of the total number of cases reported since the origin of the disease (31 685). The transmission of the virus between humans can happen directly, through ontaminated fluids, or indirectly, by parenteral transmission and fomites. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days and the symptomatology is divided in four phases: a febrile phase with nonspecific symptoms, a phase characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms, and two with the presence of critical symptoms. Although there is no specific treatment for the Ebola virus disease, the development of potential vaccines is currently underway, and some have showed positive results in animal models. This could lead to the appearance of an effective treatment that increases the survival of infected patients, and better epidemiological control

Chiapas : entre el autoritarismo y la transición democrática, desde Acteal hasta el diálogo EZLN y sociedad civil

Obra cuya intención es dar cuenta de los diversos actores sociales involucrados en el conflicto de Chiapas, a nivel político, económico y sociocultural. El texto recupera un taller de análisis de coyuntura sobre el tema, realizado en agosto de 1998.ITESO, A.C

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

Chiapas : entre el autoritarismo y la transición democrática, desde Acteal hasta el diálogo EZLN y sociedad civil

Obra cuya intención es dar cuenta de los diversos actores sociales involucrados en el conflicto de Chiapas, a nivel político, económico y sociocultural. El texto recupera un taller de análisis de coyuntura sobre el tema, realizado en agosto de 1998