Kelayakan Usaha Agrowisata di Kabupaten Rembang

Agrotourism is tourism that utilizes agricultural business as a tourism destination, with the purpose of recreation, increasing knowledge, and building business in agricultural. The purpose of this research is to analyze the investment feasibility of agrotourism. The location of the research was conducted in De Kampoeng Rembang Agrotuorism which is an agrotourism with the main commodity of dragon fruit and combined with edu-tourism. In this research will be compared to the feasibility business of agrotourism without restaurant facilities (scenario I) with agrotourism that adds restaurant facilities (scenario II). Feasibility of non-financial business was analyzed using the market aspects, technical aspects, management aspects, law aspects, social, economic, cultural aspects, and environmental aspects. Whereas feasibility of financial business was analyzed using the investment criteria, that covered NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and Payback Period, and also switching value analysis. The result shows that De Kampoeng Rembang Agrotourism is feasible based on non-financial aspects and financial aspects. The result of investment criteria analysis shows that the business of agrotourism with restaurant facilities have better performance than the business of agrotourism without restaurant facilities. While based on switching value analysis, the result shows that the decreasing in the number of visitors is more sensitive to business feasibility compared to the increasing in the salary of permanent workers on both scenariosAgrowisata merupakan pariwisata  yang memanfaatkan usaha pertanian sebagai obyek wisata dengan tujuan untuk rekreasi, menambah pengetahuan, dan melakukan usaha di bidang pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan investasi usaha agrowisata. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Agrowisata De Kampoeng Rembang yang merupakan agrowisata dengan komoditas utama buah naga yang dipadu dengan wisata edukasi. Dalam penelitian ini dibandingkan kelayakan usaha agrowisata tanpa fasilitas rumah makan (skenario I) dengan agrowisata yang menambah fasilitas rumah makan di dalamnya sebagai satu kesatuan (skenario II). Kelayakan non-finansial usaha dianalisis melalui aspek pasar, aspek teknis, aspek hukum, aspek manajemen, aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya, serta aspek lingkungan. Kemudian kelayakan finansial usaha dianalisis menggunakan kriteria investasi meliputi NPV, Net B/C, IRR, dan Payback Period. Selain itu juga dilakukan analisis sensitivitas berdasarkan swicthing value. Hasil analisis yang diperoleh adalah usaha layak untuk dijalankan berdasarkan aspek non-finansial dan finansial. Hasil analisis kriteria investasi menunjukkan bahwa agrowisata dengan penambahan fasilitas rumah makan mempunyai performa yang lebih bagus dibanding dengan agrowisata tanpa penambahan fasilitas rumah makan. Sementara hasil analisis swicthimg value menunjukkan bahwa penurunan jumlah pengunjung lebih sensitif terhadap kelayakan usaha dibandingkan dengan kenaikan gaji tenaga kerja tetap pada kedua skenario

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Impor Ikan Hias Indonesia di Negara Importir Utama

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara pengekspor ikan hias dunia. Permintaan ikan hias Indonesia berasal dari negara importir utama seperti Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, dan Singapura. Dalam hal memenuhi permintaan pasar ikan hias di negara importir, Indonesia masih kalah dengan negara lainnya seperti Filipina. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di negara Amerika Serikat, Tiongkok, dan Singapura. Periode waktu yang digunakan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2018. Sumber data berasal dari UN Comtrade dan World Bank. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan Ordinary Least Square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan volume permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di Amerika Serikat dan Singapura memiliki tren yang negatif sedangkan di pasar Tiongkok memiliki tren yang positif. Kemudian faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan impor ikan hias Indonesia di Amerika Serikat yaitu harga impor ikan hias Indonesia, harga impor pesaing, dan kurs rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika. Pada pasar Tiongkok dipengaruhi oleh harga impor ikan hias Indonesia dan kurs rupiah terhadap yuan. Sedangkan pada pasar Singapura dipengaruhi oleh harga impor ikan hias Indonesia.Indonesia is one of the world's ornamental fish exporting countries. Demand for Indonesian ornamental fish from major importing countries such as United States, China and Singapore. In terms of meeting the demand of the ornamental fish market in importing country, Indonesia is still inferior to other countries such as Philippines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence demand volume of Indonesian ornamental fish imports in United States, China and Singapore. The time period used was from 2000 to 2018. Data sources were taken from UN Comtrade and World Bank. The research method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis using Ordinary Least Square. The results of this study indicate the volume of important demand for Indonesian ornamental fish in United States and Singapore has a negative trend while in Chinese market it has a positive trend. Then factors that influence the demand for Indonesian ornamental fish in United States are price of imported Indonesian ornamental fish, price of imported competence, and exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar. In Chinese market, this is influenced by price of Indonesian ornamental fish and the exchange rate of the rupiah against the yuan. While in the Singapore market this is influenced by price of Indonesian ornamental fish

The Effect of The European Union Biomass Regulation and Export Taxation on Palm Oil Export

The European Union is one of the world's largest markets for palm oil products. This study used the gravity models theory to analyze the potential changes of palm oil trade flow from Indonesia and Malaysia with a focus destination countries to the European Union. The focus of the study is to analyze the decreasing or increasing trade flow of palm oil due to the biomass regulation changes in the European Union and the export tax on palm oil. The research model involved 85 percent of the global palm oil market which is 61 countries of refined palm oil (RPO) consumers and 23 countries of crude palm oil (CPO) consumers over the period dating from 2006 to 2018. The two types of palm oil export products are clearly distinguished to see the different changes in both types of products trade flow due to the influential factors. The gravity model for analyzing data uses OLS and PPML regression. The results show that the CPO export tax has a significant positive impact on RPO exports but does not have a significant impact on CPO exports. Similar analysis results occur in the variable of biomass regulation change in the European Union, which has a significant negative impact on RPO exports but does not have a significant impact on CPO exports. Keywords: biodiesel, biomass regulation, export tax, gravity mode

VALUE CHAIN UPGRADING: EVIDENCE FROM SMOKED FISH AGRIBUSINESS IN CENTRAL JAVA

Smoked fish is one of the processed fish products that provided higer added value. However, there are still great opportunities to increase added value of smoked fish products through upgrading their value chains to make them more competitive and sustainable. This study aims to examine value chain upgrading of the smoked fish in Central Java. The data were obtained from 52 smoked fish value chain actors in Central Java by conducting in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis of value chain upgrading. The results showed that the smoked fish value chain in Central Java can be upgraded through three upgrading types: product, process, and functional. Product upgrading can be done by using vacuum packaging and food boxes for processors and food stallers respectively.  Process upgrading can be done by adopting fish detection technology (for fisherman) and administrative system applications (for wholesalers and traders). Functional upgrading can be improved by implementing direct selling from processors to restaurants and online marketing for retailers. As these upgrading activites will require additional costs, the smoked fish value chain actors need to consider the costs to get higher benefits in the implementation of value chain upgrading for smoked fish in Central Java

VALUE CHAIN GOVERNANCE FOR SMOKED FISH PRODUCTS IN THE NORTH COAST OF CENTRAL JAVA

The seafood and aquaculture industry in Indonesia is much less vertically coordinated. However, there are trends towards coordination in fishery value chains through processing and distribution to retail and food service customers. This study aims to examine the governance of the smoked fish value chains in the North Coast of Central Java. The study used the survey data of 52 actors along the smoked fish value chains in the North Coast of Central Java, including fisherman in Demak and Rembang regencies, various types of middleman, processor, and retailers in Semarang. The data was analyzed using value chain mapping and governance analyses. The results showed that the actors involved in the smoked fish value chains consist of fishermen, wholesalers, collectors, processors, retailers, food stalls, and restaurants. Each actor has different activities in their role to add value to differentiate smoked fish products. The results also showed that the types of value chain governance of smoke fish in the North Coast of Central Java leads to relational governance with the complex and interdependent transactions. Keywords: aquaculture, coordination, fisherman, fishery products, relationa

KEBERLANJUTAN SISTEM KETERSEDIAAN BERAS NASIONAL : PENDEKATAN TEKNIK ORDINASI RAP-RICE DENGAN METODA MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING (MDS)

This paper aims to analyze the sustainability of rice availability system at national level, based on sustainability index and status using a Rap-Rice Ordination Technique with Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Method. This study used primary and secondary data. Result of the MDS analysis Rap-Rice ordinary technique showed that a sustainability index of rice availability system at national level was 64.51, which categorized as sustainable sufficient. Analysis for five dimensions (ecology, economy, socio-culture, institution and technology) showed that a sustainability index of national rice availability system for institution and technology dimensions were relatively high, 91.70 and 77.10, respectively, which felt into good category; the index for ecological and socio-cultural dimensions were 69.64 and 53.74, respectively, categorized as satisfactorily sustainable; and the index for economic dimension was 43.48 which categorized as less sustainable. Results of leverage analysis indicated that 23 out of 60 attributes were sensitivity influential to sustainability of rice availability system. Four attributes from economic dimension as priority to be managed were (1) real wage of farm labor, (2) number of farm households with land holding greater than 0.5 hectares, (3) number of farm labors, and (4) value of Regional GDP

Consumer Preference and Willingness To Pay For Local Orange of Rimau Gerga Lebong

The increasing demand and consumption of oranges have led many local governments to participate in developing superior local orange varieties that are acceptable to consumers, such as the local orange variety called "rimau gerga lebong" from Bengkulu Province. This study aims to analyze consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for rimau gerga lebong oranges. Primary data for the study were collected through an online survey of 200 respondents who have purchased and consumed oranges in Bengkulu, Sumatera Selatan, and Jambi regions. The survey was conducted from April to May 2022. The data were analyzed using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and willingness to pay (WTP) analysis. Four attributes were considered in the DCE and WTP analyses: taste, water content, freshness, and price. The results indicate that consumers prefer gerga oranges due to their fresh, high water content, and sweet taste attributes. Furthermore, consumers are willing to pay a higher price, with a maximum additional price of Rp. 936.08/kg for fresh oranges, Rp. 497.59/kg for juicy oranges, and Rp. 307.89/kg for sweet oranges. Improving the quality of orange attributes according to consumer needs can lead to increased profits. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for breeders and marketers to ensure that orange quality aligns with the needs and desires of consumers. Based on these findings, several managerial implications can be formulated to enhance and maintain orange attributes. Keywords: discrete choice experiment, orange attributes, preference, utilty product, willingness to pa

Faktor-Faktor Penentu Perdagangan Biji Pala Indonesia

The export value of the whole nutmeg and nutmeg powder has increased yearly. Nevertheless, Indonesia's dependence on imports of nutmeg is high. This condition illustrates that Indonesia has not optimally utilized its export opportunities. Optimizing export opportunities can be done by paying attention to the factors that affect exports. Researchers used secondary data on the whole and nutmeg powder from 2012 to 2019 with research variables: Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) dummy. The processes of data use a gravity model approach. The results showed that the GDP of both countries and the SPS had a negative effect on trade in the whole nutmeg, while economic distance and population had a positive impact. Meanwhile, the effect on trade in nutmeg powder by Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the population is positive, economic distance is negative, and the SPS has an insignificant effect. The policy implication is the government and stakeholders should choose trading partners with large populations and make post-harvest handling rules to minimize the impact of SPS barriers. Meanwhile, to increase the trade in nutmeg powder, choosing a trading partner with a high GDP is necessary.The export value of the whole nutmeg and nutmeg powder has the negative growth. That growth is lower than the import value. This condition illustrates that Indonesia has not optimally utilized its export opportunities. Optimizing export opportunities can be done by paying attention to the factors that affect exports. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that effect to trade flow of Indonesian whole dan nutmeg powder to the destination countries.Researchers used secondary data on the whole and nutmeg powder from 2012 to 2019 with research variables: Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) as a dummy variable. The processes of data use a gravity model approach. The results showed that the GDP of both countries and the SPS had a negative effect on trade in the whole nutmeg, while economic distance and population had a positive impact. Meanwhile, the effect on trade in nutmeg powder by Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the population is positive, economic distance is negative, and the SPS has an insignificant effect. The policy implication is the government and stakeholders should choose trading partners with large populations and make post-harvest handling rules to minimize the impact of SPS barriers. Meanwhile, to increase the trade in nutmeg powder, choosing a trading partner with a high GDP is necessar

Determinan Keputusan Petani Mengelola Usahatani Padi Di Lahan Suboptimal

The conversion of paddy fields seriously impacts rice availability for national food reserves, so the government is implementing a sub-optimal land extension program. Indonesia has sub-optimal land that has the potential to become a national rice barn if appropriately managed. The types of sub-optimal land most widely used in rice cultivation are lowland and tidal swamps, where the community can work. This research analyzes the determinants of rice farmers' decisions in managing sub-optimal land. This research was conducted in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, with a sample of 90 rice farmers. Data were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression method. The determining factors are seen from the demographic and economic aspects. The research results show that factors that significantly influence farmers' decisions to choose tidal land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience; from the economic element are the number of family dependents, land ownership status, and non-farming income. The significant determining factors in farmers' decisions to manage lowland swamp land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience, and from the economic element are the number of family dependents and non-farming income. From the research, recommendations that can maximize the use of sub-optimal land are increasing promotion and education to the community about rice cultivation on sub-optimal land, providing easy access for farmers to rent land, and it is hoped that farmers will continue to have non-farming income to balance household needs and procurement of capital and farming input.The conversion of paddy fields seriously impacts rice availability for national food reserves, so the government is implementing a sub-optimal land extension program. Indonesia has suboptimal land that has the potential to become a national rice barn if appropriately managed. The types of suboptimal land most widely used in rice cultivation are lowland and tidal swamps, where the community can work. This research analyzes the determinants of rice farmers' decisions in managing suboptimal land. This research was conducted in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, with a sample of 90 rice farmers. Data were analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression method. The determining factors are seen from the demographic and economic aspects. The research results show that factors that significantly influence farmers' decisions to choose tidal land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience; from the economic element are the number of family dependents, land ownership status, and non-farming income. The significant determining factors in farmers' decisions to manage lowland swamp land from the demographic aspect are age and farming experience, and from the economic element are the number of family dependents and non-farming income. From the research, recommendations that can maximize the use of suboptimal land are increasing promotion and education to the community about rice cultivation on suboptimal land, providing easy access for farmers to rent land, and it is hoped that farmers will continue to have non-farming income to balance household needs and procurement of capital and farming input