1,016 research outputs found
Quantized evolution of the plasmonic response in a stretched nanorod
Quantum aspects, such as electron tunneling between closely separated
metallic nanoparticles, are crucial for understanding the plasmonic response of
nanoscale systems. We explore quantum effects on the response of the
conductively coupled metallic nanoparticle dimer. This is realized by
stretching a nanorod, which leads to the formation of a narrowing atomic
contact between the two nanorod ends. Based on first-principles time-dependent
density-functional-theory calculations, we find a discontinuous evolution of
the plasmonic response as the nanorod is stretched. This is especially
pronounced for the intensity of the main charge-transfer plasmon mode. We show
the correlation between the observed discontinuities and the discrete nature of
the conduction channels supported by the formed atomic-sized junction.Comment: Main text: 6 pages, 2 figures; Supplemental Material: 5 pages, 4
figure
Nanoplasmonics simulations at the basis set limit through completeness-optimized, local numerical basis sets
We present an approach for generating local numerical basis sets of improving
accuracy for first-principles nanoplasmonics simulations within time-dependent
density functional theory. The method is demonstrated for copper, silver, and
gold nanoparticles that are of experimental interest but computationally
demanding due to the semi-core d-electrons that affect their plasmonic
response. The basis sets are constructed by augmenting numerical atomic orbital
basis sets by truncated Gaussian-type orbitals generated by the
completeness-optimization scheme, which is applied to the photoabsorption
spectra of homoatomic metal atom dimers. We obtain basis sets of improving
accuracy up to the complete basis set limit and demonstrate that the
performance of the basis sets transfers to simulations of larger nanoparticles
and nanoalloys as well as to calculations with various exchange-correlation
functionals. This work promotes the use of the local basis set approach of
controllable accuracy in first-principles nanoplasmonics simulations and
beyond.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Kohn-Sham decomposition in real-time time-dependent density-functional theory: An efficient tool for analyzing plasmonic excitations
The real-time-propagation formulation of time-dependent density-functional
theory (RT-TDDFT) is an efficient method for modeling the optical response of
molecules and nanoparticles. Compared to the widely adopted linear-response
TDDFT approaches based on, e.g., the Casida equations, RT-TDDFT appears,
however, lacking efficient analysis methods. This applies in particular to a
decomposition of the response in the basis of the underlying single-electron
states. In this work, we overcome this limitation by developing an analysis
method for obtaining the Kohn-Sham electron-hole decomposition in RT-TDDFT. We
demonstrate the equivalence between the developed method and the Casida
approach by a benchmark on small benzene derivatives. Then, we use the method
for analyzing the plasmonic response of icosahedral silver nanoparticles up to
Ag. Based on the analysis, we conclude that in small nanoparticles
individual single-electron transitions can split the plasmon into multiple
resonances due to strong single-electron-plasmon coupling whereas in larger
nanoparticles a distinct plasmon resonance is formed.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Tyytyväinen potilas = laadukas terveydenhuolto?
Hoidon laadun luotettava mittaaminen on laadun kehittämisen ja hoitolaitosten välisten vertailujen edellytys. Kokonaispotilastyytyväisyys ei sovellu yksinään hoidon laadun sijaismuuttujaksi
Molecular-dynamics simulation of the growth of diamondlike films by energetic carbon-atom beams
The growth of diamondlike films and overlayers by the deposotion of energetic carbon atoms has been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. The interatomic many-atom potential suggested by Tersoff is used. The structurel analysis of the grown films shows that there is an energy window between 40 and 70 eV for the deposited atoms where the growth most closely results in dense diamondlike structure. This observation supports earlier experimental suggestions for optimal deposition conditions.Peer reviewe
Influence of van der Waals forces on the adsorption structure of benzene on silicon studied using density functional theory
Two different adsorption configurations of benzene on the Si(001)-(2 x 1) surface, the tight-bridge and butterfly structures, were studied using density functional theory. Several exchange and correlation functionals were used, including the recently developed van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF), which accounts for the effect of van der Waals forces. In contrast to the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE), revPBE, and other generalized-gradient approximation functionals, the vdW-DF finds that, for most coverages, the adsorption energy of the butterfly structure is greater than that of the tight-bridge structure
Computer simulations studies of the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum metals
The steady‐state catalytic oxidation process of carbon monoxide on platinum metal surfaces is studied using two irreversible kinetic computer simulation models: (a) An extended version of the model introduced by Ziff, Gulari, and Barshad (ZGB) with the effects of CO desorption and diffusion as well as finite reaction probability taken into account. The different physical processes, diffusion and desorption are studied independently and their effect on the equilibrium window, i.e., the regime where steady CO2 formation occurs is determined. (b) An interaction model where adatom–adatom nearest‐neighbor (nn) interactions are taken explicitly into account through Boltzmann terms J 1, J 2, and J 3 which are the energies of the CO–CO, O–O, and CO–O interactions, respectively. The phase diagrams in the temperature–CO‐partial pressure (T,p CO− ) plane are determined for different values of the nn interactions. The behavior of the system is dependent on the sign of J 1(=J 2 in the simulations) as well as the sign of the difference J 1−J 3. There is thus a clear analogy with a two‐component equilibrium lattice gas with nn interactions.Peer reviewe
Paternity, erectile function, and health-related quality of life in patients operated for pediatric testicular torsion
Introduction Spermatic cord torsion (SCT) may lead to organ loss and can potentially influence fertility. Long-term effects of SCT are not fully investigated. Objective The purpose was to evaluate paternity rates in adults who have had SCT in childhood and to compare the results to those of a control population. The secondary purposes were to compare paternity rates after testis-preserving surgery with those after orchiectomy and to evaluate erectile function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Study design Questionnaires concerning paternity, erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]-5 questionnaire), and HRQoL (15D questionnaire) were mailed to 74 men who had been treated for SCT and to 92 controls treated for testicular appendage torsion in 1977-1995 and who were currently older than 30 years. Results Thirty-five of the 74 (47%) patients with SCT and 58 of the 92 (63%) controls responded. A same-aged control was selected for each patient with SCT. The median age at investigation was 41 (interquatile range [IQR]: 36 to 46) years in the SCT group and 41 (IQR: 38 to 46) years in the control group (p = 0.81). The paternity rate was 23 of 35 (66%) in the SCT group and 26 of 34 (76%) in the control group (p = 0.43). Nine percent of patients and controls suffered from infertility. Of the 30- to 50-year-old patients with SCT, 9 of 16 (56%) had children after orchiectomy, and 13 of 16 (81%), after detorsion (p = 0.25). Significant or moderate erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5 total score Discussion Paternity, erectile function, or HRQoL was not impaired in the general level in the patients with SCT in comparison with controls. Both the modes of treatment, orchiectomy or detorsion, had no significant impact on the results. However, the results cannot be generalized to the individual level. The limitations were a small sample size and inability to investigate maternal factors to the paternity. However, the results are encouraging for the patients and families. Conclusion Paternity rate and HRQoL were similar in patients with SCT and controls. The type of surgery (orchiectomy vs. detorsion) did not affect paternity rates statistically. Moderate or significant erectile dysfunction was rare in both groups.Peer reviewe
Breast Reconstruction-Prospective Follow up on Breast Cancer Patients' Health-Related Quality of Life
Background Analysing the results of breast reconstruction is important both in terms of oncological safety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is thought to be prone to complications and heavy for patients with no time to adapt to having cancer. Delayed reconstruction (DR) is an option after primary surgery and oncological treatments, but requires patients to go through two recovery periods after surgery. Methods A prospective study of 1065 breast cancer patients with repeated measurement of HRQoL with both generic (15D) and disease specific (EORTC QLQ C-30 BR23) measuring tools included 51 IBR patients and 41 DR patients. These patients' HRQoL and reconstruction methods were studied in more detail alongside with clinical data to determine HRQoL levels for patients with IBR and those with mastectomy and DR during a 24-month follow-up. Measuring points were baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Results Most frequent techniques used were abdominal flaps (IBR n = 16, DR n = 14), latissimus dorsi flaps (LD) (IBR n = 19, DR n = 10), implants (IBR n = 12) and fat grafting (DR n = 6). Smaller groups were excluded from group comparisons. Approximately one third of the patients encountered complications. Symptom scores did not differ between reconstruction methods. DR patients had better overall HRQoL at 12 months, but at 24 months the situation had changed in favour of IBR. Both approaches of reconstructive surgery produced good HRQoL with no significant differences between the approaches studied.Peer reviewe
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