In-Silico Interaction of Hydroxychloroquine Drug with Various Proteins of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Computational Approaches to Combat COVID-19

In silico docking study showed that hydroxychloroquine drug interactions with SARS-CoV2 show a higher binding affinity with spike glycoprotein and PLPRO protein compared to protein envelopes that could be ladder for potential targeting and synthesizing of another aniviral drug. In silico methods used in this study, the efficacy of a wide variety of repositioned and/or novel drug candidates could also be tested prior to clinical evaluation.</p

In Silico Docking Studies of Antimalarial Drug Hydroxychloroquine to SARS-CoV Proteins :An Emerging Pandemic Worldwide

This computational study comprises screening and prediction of interaction of selected antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine with targeted two proteins of coronavirus. One is SARS enveloped E pantameric ion channel protein and another is SARS-CoV-2 main apoprotein protease. Both are vital for viral attachment and entry to the host cell for infection. After molecular protein docking with different confirmations, stable interacting complex of ligand and macromolecules were obtained. Interacting Lysine, Threonine and Tyrosine of E protein were found for participation of stable interaction with selected drug having docking affinity energy of -6.3kcal/mol. For apoprotein protease stable confirmation was screened out having bonding Threonine residue with same drug of energy -6.0 kcal/mol. Irreversible covalent bond formation and van der Waals interaction favours the selectivity and stability of both targeted proteins towards selected drug. Conventional as well as hydrophobic interactions are found in Ligplot and Discovery studio analysis also indicates stabilized confirmations between ligand and drug. Thus, this study delivers the putative mechanism of the drug interactions to target proteins hence comprising landmark for future investigation for antimalarial hydroxychloroquine as anti COVID 19 drug in this experimental time.</p

Screening of Resistance Gene Analogue Marker(S) in Indian Bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] against Yellow Mosaic Disease

In this study, 104 genotypes of Indian beans were evaluated against the yellow mosaic disease at&nbsp; College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture,&nbsp; Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari&nbsp; during Rabi 2021–2022 (South Gujarat Heavy Rainfall Zone-II ), based on the disease rating scale (1–9). Out of the 104 genotypes of Indian beans, 33 genotypes showed resistance to the yellow mosaic disease, 14 genotypes showed moderate resistance, 17 genotypes showed moderate susceptibility, 29 genotypes showed susceptibility, and 11 genotypes showed highly&nbsp;susceptibility. The obtained sequence has a greatest identity of 95.05 percent with the full sequence of the dolichos yellow mosaic virus isolate AG segment DNA A with accession number MZ821026.1. As a result, the variant was given the accession number ON461886 and named dolichos yellow mosaic virus isolate NAU-RA coat protein gene segment DNA -A. In present investigation six resistant (P-19-169, V-19-15, V-19-35, GNIB-22, W-19-05, V-19-24) and six highly susceptible (P-19-176, W-19-60, P-19-127, V-19-11, W-19-58, V-19-106) Indian bean genotypes were screened by nine pairs of RGA primers.&nbsp; The amplicons were obtained in seven pairs of RGA primers, where five pairs of RGA primersRGA1FCG &amp;RGA1R,VMYR1F &amp; VMYR1R,YR4F &amp; YR4R, RGAIB3 &amp; RGAIB4, RGAIB5 &amp; RGAIB6 amplified single band size of approximately 450 bp, 450 bp, 450 bp, 450 bp and 1050 bp respectively in resistant genotypes, while only two pairs of RGA primers CYR1F &amp; CYR1R and RGAIB1 &amp; RGAIB2 were found with prominent band of approximately 950bp and 350bp. According to the data from the current investigation, seven pairs of RGA markers have proven successful in differentiating between the resistant and highly susceptible genotypes of Indian beans. These RGA markers can be employed in investigations mapping resistance genes and validating markers with long-lasting YMV resistance