Pengaruh Pemeberian Ekstrak Etanol Delphinium Grandifl orum Terhadap Tanda Somatik dan Tanda Afektif Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Betina yang Diberi Nikotin Peroral

Background. Nicotine abstinence will lead nicotine withdrawal syndrome in somatic signs and aff  ective signs. Somatic signs such as body weight change. Aff  ective signs such as sign of anxiety. Nicotine withdrawal syndrome will increasing the desire to use nicotine. Delphinium grandifl orum is a plant with methyllcyaconitine (MLA). Methyllcyaconitine (MLA) is antagonist competitive which block α7 nAChRs. It will lowering the desire to use nicotine without induce nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Objective. To know the eff  ect of ethanolic extract Delphinium grandifl orum in somatic signs and aff  ective signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome in Sprague Dawley female rats treated with oral nicotine.Methods. This study was quasi experiment with pre and post control group design. Rats were grouped into 4 groups. The groups are OO (control), NO (nicotine+aquabides), ND 3 (nicotine+ D. grandifl orum 3 mg/kg), ND 6 (nicotine+ D. grandifl orum 6 mg/kg). Nicotine was given ad libitum. Nicotine was given via drinking water with a step wise increase of dosage every 4 days until 15 days. Somatic signs and aff  ective signs were observed during 24 hours period after abstinentia (16th and 20th days) on dark cycle. Light cycle on 18.00- 06.00, dark cycle on 06.00-18.00. Aff  ective signs was observed with open spent time and open arm entries by Elevated Plus Maze.Result. There is no signifi cant diff  erences between group for  body weight, open spent time and open arm entries on day 16 and 20. Conclution. There is have no eff  ect of ethanolic extract Delphinium grandifl orum and nicotine administration for somatic signs, aff  ective signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome in Sprague dawley female rats.Keywords. Nicotine, nicotine withdrawal syndrome, somatic signs, aff  ective signs

Perbedaan Tingkat Ketergantungan Merokok Antara Perokok Remaja Dengan Perokok Lansia

AbstrakLatar Belakang: Ketergantungan merokok yang tinggi akan menyebabkan semakin sulitnya berhenti merokok. Ketergantungan merokok rendah akan semakin mudah berhenti merokok. Remaja dan perokok lansia mempunyai riwayat lama waktu penggunaan nikotin yang berbedaTujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan tingkat ketergantungan merokok antara perokok remaja dengan perokok lansia.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini descriptive comparative dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 76 responden yang terdiri atas 38 responden perokok remaja dan 38 responden perokok lansia dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa kuesioner merokok yaitu Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Uji statistik menggunakan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil berupa tingkat ketergantungan merokok pada lansia lebih tinggi dari pada remaja (3.16 ± 1.82 Vs. 5.42 ± 2.18; P-Value 0.001).Kesimpulan: berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan tingkat ketergantungan merokok antara perokok remaja dengan perokok lansia. Sehingga pada perokok remaja lebih mudah dalam berhenti merokok. AbstractBackground: The high of smoking dependency will be more difficult to stop smoking. The low of smoking dependence will be easier to stop smoking. Adolescent and elderly have the differences of length of use the nicotine. Objective: The objective of this study wants to identify the difference of smoking dependence level between adolescent with elderly smokers. Method: This research was descriptive comparative with cross sectional design. The research sample was 76 respondents with 38 adolescent smokers and 38 elderly smokers which chosen by purposive sampling techniques. The instrument in this research used The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency (FTND). The data was analyzed by Mann Whitney. Result: The mean and standard deviation of adolescent smokers was 3.16 ± 1.824 and elderly smokers were 5.42 ± 2.17. The results of statistical tests with Mann Whitney are P-Value 0,000 (P 0.05) which means there are significant difference. Conclusion: The smoking dependence level in elderly smokers higher than adolescent smokers. Therefore, adolescent smokers are easier to stop smoking

Comparison the level of Standard Deviation of N-N interval (SDNN) among Adolescent in Non Smokers and Smokers in Yogyakarta

Background: Smoking has a negative impact on health. It makes an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It influenced the standard deviation of N-N interval (SDNN). SDNN has a duty as indicator for ANS controlled, consequently, SDNN in smokers is lower than non smokers because of ANS imbalance. Therefore, smokers have high risk for non communicable disease (NCD) in the future. Objective: This research’s purpose was to know the comparison of SDNN level among smokers and non smokers adolescent. Methods: This research was non-experimental study with descriptive comparative design and cross sectional approach. The samples divided into 2 groups with each of group consists of 20 students. They were chose by purposive sampling techniques. SDNN level was measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) for 5 minutes with the provision that they should no tea, caffeine, alcohol consumption and no heavy exercise within 2 hours before data collected, feel free from desire to go to bathroom, feeling relax when data collection were performed. The data was analyzed by Mann Whithey test. Results: There was a significant difference of between smokers’ SDNN and non smokers’ with p= 0.038 (p<0.05). Smokers’ SDNN was lower than non smokers’. Conclussion: Smokers’ SDNN level was lower than non smokers’

Physical activity interventions for postnatal weight management: A systematic literature review

Physical activity (PA) maintains weight and reduces postnatal weight retention (PWR), thereby lowering obesity-related comorbidities. There is only limited evidence on the most effective postnatal PA for Malaysian women. This review identified evidence-based literature on the effectiveness of PA interventions in managing weight in postnatal women and the preferred type of intervention for them. A systematic literature search was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental research related to PA interventions for women during the postnatal period (18 months after delivery) published in English from 2011 to 2021 were searched in ProQuest, Scopus, Springer Link and PubMed using the following keywords: ‘physical activity’, ‘weight management’ and ‘postnatal women’. Intervention groups with weight and body mass index measured after any supervised PA guidance/counselling with a minimum follow-up of 10 weeks were included in the analysis. Those with pharmacological management and a comparator control group were excluded. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials, one of these articles was classified as low-risk, two as having some concerns and three as having a high risk of bias. Walking, yoga and Pilates were found to be the most appropriate and preferred types of physical activity, despite having a small but significant impact on postnatal women’s weight management. Healthcare professionals should adopt programmes that explicitly target these PA interventions to manage PWR

The status of body mass index on heart rate recovery in young adults: literature review

The development of modern adaptation increases the prevalence of obesity with a characteristic of fat hoarding especially in young adults. Young adults are the most common users of gadgets, and they have sedentary lifestyle. Body Mass index (BMI) is the ratio of weight in kilogram (kg) and height that has been squared in meter (m) and becomes the easiest parameter to measure excess fat. Excessive fat accumulation can affect vagal reflex, causing an impact in Heart Rate Recovery (HRR). Delayed HRR or ≤ 12 bpm increases the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. The purpose of this review is to determine the status of BMI on HRR in young adults. The searching for article reviews used electronic database with several databases namely PubMed, Ebscohost, Proquest, and Google scholar resulted nine eligible articles. Overweight decreased HRR and delaying vagal reactivation which increased the risk of death caused by sympathetic nerve dominance which increased the risk of heart attack. Based on the review result, the profile of anthropometry can describe the fitness status of the cardiovascular system

Hubungan antara Gangguan Pola Tidur dengan Keseimbangan Sistem Saraf Otonom pada Usia Dewasa Muda

Gangguan pola tidur yang buruk berdampak negatif pada kesehatan yaitu ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf otonom. Ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf otonom akan berdampak pada rendahnya nilai Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Rendahnya nilai HRV akan berdampak pada mortalitas dan morbiditas. Heart Rate Variability terdiri atas time domain dan frekuensi domain. Standard Deviation of All N-N Intervals (SDNN) merupakan bagian dari HRV yang bisa digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keseimbangan sistem saraf otonom. Usia dewasa muda rentan mengalami gangguan pola tidur, sehingga pada usia tersebut berisiko terjadi ketidakseimbangan SDNN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola tidur dengan keseimbangan saraf otonom pada dewasa muda. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimen dengan desain Cross sectional. Uji statistik menggunakan Spearman Rho. Sampel penelitian 31 orang dewasa muda dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data untuk gangguan pola tidur diambil menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan pengukuran SDNN menggunakan Electrocardiogram (EKG). Didapatkan hasil 64,5% pola tidur pada dewasa muda dalam kategori baik, 35,5% pola tidur mahasiswa dalam kategori cukup, 87,1% mahasiswa memiliki SDNN yang sangat baik dan 9,7% mahasiswa memiliki SDNN tinggi. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Spearmen Rho diperoleh nilai p= 0,11 (p 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara gangguan pola tidur dengan kesimbangan saraf otonom

The Experience of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescent Smokers

Smoking is prevalent in society, especially among men. Most smokers are still adolescents. A cigarette contains nicotine substance that can cause smokers to become dependent on nicotine. Smokers who are already addicted will experience withdrawal syndrome. The earlier age people smoke at, the higher level of dependence they have. The adverse effect of nicotine dependence is that smokers will find it difficult to stop smoking. This study aims to investigate the experiences of adolescent smokers who are dependent on nicotine. This was a qualitative study conducted with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through an in-depth interview with 5 (five) informants who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Triangulation was employed to enhance the credibility of the study. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. This study resulted in four main themes, namely: age to start smoking; the causes of smoking; perceptions of smoking; experience of smoking cessation. Conclusion that can be drawn for this study was smoking abstinence led to anxiety, decreased concentration and craving to cigarette

The Effects of

Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. is an alkaloid plant with dihydro-β-erythroidine (DhβE) content which is considered to block α4β2 nAChRs subtype and, therefore, may suppress the desire to use nicotine. This study aimed to investigate these possible effects of E.subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. extract on nicotine withdrawal syndrome and β2 nAChRs expression in rats' ventral tegmental area (VTA). The rats were divided into six groups, i.e., control (OO), nicotine treated (NO), nicotine, and E. subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.-treated (NE 100, NE 200, NE 400), and E. subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.-treated (OE 200) groups. Nicotine was given ad libitum via drinking water with a step-wise increase of dosage every four days for 30 days. Somatic and affective signs were observed during the dark cycle of 24 hours abstinent period (days 31and 46). The expression of β2 nAChRs in the VTA was examined semi-quantitatively. It has been found that the rearing behavior of the NE 100 group was fewer on day 46 than on day 31. The body scratching behavior of the NE 100 group was fewer than that of the OO group on day 46. The front paws and penile licking behaviors of the NE 100 group were fewer than those of the NO group on day 46. The open arm entries of the NO group were fewer than that of the NE 200 group on day 46. The β2nAChRs expression of the NO group was lower than that of the OO group. E. Subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. at a dosage of 100mg/kg BW may decrease some somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome