Pengaruh Pemeberian Ekstrak Etanol Delphinium Grandifl orum Terhadap Tanda Somatik dan Tanda Afektif Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome pada Tikus Sprague Dawley Betina yang Diberi Nikotin Peroral

Background. Nicotine abstinence will lead nicotine withdrawal syndrome in somatic signs and aff  ective signs. Somatic signs such as body weight change. Aff  ective signs such as sign of anxiety. Nicotine withdrawal syndrome will increasing the desire to use nicotine. Delphinium grandifl orum is a plant with methyllcyaconitine (MLA). Methyllcyaconitine (MLA) is antagonist competitive which block α7 nAChRs. It will lowering the desire to use nicotine without induce nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Objective. To know the eff  ect of ethanolic extract Delphinium grandifl orum in somatic signs and aff  ective signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome in Sprague Dawley female rats treated with oral nicotine.Methods. This study was quasi experiment with pre and post control group design. Rats were grouped into 4 groups. The groups are OO (control), NO (nicotine+aquabides), ND 3 (nicotine+ D. grandifl orum 3 mg/kg), ND 6 (nicotine+ D. grandifl orum 6 mg/kg). Nicotine was given ad libitum. Nicotine was given via drinking water with a step wise increase of dosage every 4 days until 15 days. Somatic signs and aff  ective signs were observed during 24 hours period after abstinentia (16th and 20th days) on dark cycle. Light cycle on 18.00- 06.00, dark cycle on 06.00-18.00. Aff  ective signs was observed with open spent time and open arm entries by Elevated Plus Maze.Result. There is no signifi cant diff  erences between group for  body weight, open spent time and open arm entries on day 16 and 20. Conclution. There is have no eff  ect of ethanolic extract Delphinium grandifl orum and nicotine administration for somatic signs, aff  ective signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome in Sprague dawley female rats.Keywords. Nicotine, nicotine withdrawal syndrome, somatic signs, aff  ective signs

Comparison the level of Standard Deviation of N-N interval (SDNN) among Adolescent in Non Smokers and Smokers in Yogyakarta

Background: Smoking has a negative impact on health. It makes an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It influenced the standard deviation of N-N interval (SDNN). SDNN has a duty as indicator for ANS controlled, consequently, SDNN in smokers is lower than non smokers because of ANS imbalance. Therefore, smokers have high risk for non communicable disease (NCD) in the future. Objective: This research’s purpose was to know the comparison of SDNN level among smokers and non smokers adolescent. Methods: This research was non-experimental study with descriptive comparative design and cross sectional approach. The samples divided into 2 groups with each of group consists of 20 students. They were chose by purposive sampling techniques. SDNN level was measured by electrocardiogram (ECG) for 5 minutes with the provision that they should no tea, caffeine, alcohol consumption and no heavy exercise within 2 hours before data collected, feel free from desire to go to bathroom, feeling relax when data collection were performed. The data was analyzed by Mann Whithey test. Results: There was a significant difference of between smokers’ SDNN and non smokers’ with p= 0.038 (p<0.05). Smokers’ SDNN was lower than non smokers’. Conclussion: Smokers’ SDNN level was lower than non smokers’

Hubungan antara Gangguan Pola Tidur dengan Keseimbangan Sistem Saraf Otonom pada Usia Dewasa Muda

Gangguan pola tidur yang buruk berdampak negatif pada kesehatan yaitu ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf otonom. Ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf otonom akan berdampak pada rendahnya nilai Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Rendahnya nilai HRV akan berdampak pada mortalitas dan morbiditas. Heart Rate Variability terdiri atas time domain dan frekuensi domain. Standard Deviation of All N-N Intervals (SDNN) merupakan bagian dari HRV yang bisa digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keseimbangan sistem saraf otonom. Usia dewasa muda rentan mengalami gangguan pola tidur, sehingga pada usia tersebut berisiko terjadi ketidakseimbangan SDNN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola tidur dengan keseimbangan saraf otonom pada dewasa muda. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non eksperimen dengan desain Cross sectional. Uji statistik menggunakan Spearman Rho. Sampel penelitian 31 orang dewasa muda dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data untuk gangguan pola tidur diambil menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan pengukuran SDNN menggunakan Electrocardiogram (EKG). Didapatkan hasil 64,5% pola tidur pada dewasa muda dalam kategori baik, 35,5% pola tidur mahasiswa dalam kategori cukup, 87,1% mahasiswa memiliki SDNN yang sangat baik dan 9,7% mahasiswa memiliki SDNN tinggi. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Spearmen Rho diperoleh nilai p= 0,11 (p 0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara gangguan pola tidur dengan kesimbangan saraf otonom

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Peran Serta Keluarga Dalam Perawatan Klien Skizofrenia di Unit Rawat Jalan RS Grhasia DIY

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with the hallucination symptom, waham, inappropriate affect. There a some factors that influence Family role in order to treat clients, because family role can protect family member. The study was done among the schizophrenia s clients of grhasia s hospital. The crossectional study was done to 30 schizophrenic s clients in grhasia s hospital, using Chi Square to know about the factors which influence the role and also family in treatment of schizophrenia s client in take care.The result of this study in economic factor show the Flo accepted with the value of significance level: 0,05 and probabilities : 0,283 ( 0,05). This indicated that there is no influence which significant between economic factor to role and also family in treatment of schizophrenia s client. The test of Chi Square of knowledge factor show that the Ho accepted with the value of significant level: 0,05 and probabilities : 0,788 ( 0,05). This indicated that there is no influence which significant between knowledge factor to role and also family in treatment of schizophrenia s client.Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan mental yang disertai dengan gej ala halusinasi, waham dan gangguan afek. Dalam perawatannya diperlukan peran serta keluarga karena keluarga merupakan unit terdekat dengan klien. Beberapa factor dapat mempengaruhi peran serta keluarga dalam perawatan klien skizofrenia diantaranya adalah factor ekonomi dan factor pengetahuan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan crossestional dengan 30 responden klien skizofrenia di unit rawat jalan RS Grhasia untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap peran serta keluarga dianalisis dengan menggunakan Chi square.Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa factor ekonomi tidak berpengaruh terhadap peran serta keluarga, begitu juga dengan factor pengetahuan, dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.05.Sehingga bias disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara factor ekonomi dan pengetahuan terhadap peran serta keluarga dalam perawatan klien skizofrenia

The Experience of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescent Smokers

Smoking is prevalent in society, especially among men. Most smokers are still adolescents. A cigarette contains nicotine substance that can cause smokers to become dependent on nicotine. Smokers who are already addicted will experience withdrawal syndrome. The earlier age people smoke at, the higher level of dependence they have. The adverse effect of nicotine dependence is that smokers will find it difficult to stop smoking. This study aims to investigate the experiences of adolescent smokers who are dependent on nicotine. This was a qualitative study conducted with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through an in-depth interview with 5 (five) informants who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Triangulation was employed to enhance the credibility of the study. Data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. This study resulted in four main themes, namely: age to start smoking; the causes of smoking; perceptions of smoking; experience of smoking cessation. Conclusion that can be drawn for this study was smoking abstinence led to anxiety, decreased concentration and craving to cigarette

The Effects of

Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. is an alkaloid plant with dihydro-β-erythroidine (DhβE) content which is considered to block α4β2 nAChRs subtype and, therefore, may suppress the desire to use nicotine. This study aimed to investigate these possible effects of E.subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. extract on nicotine withdrawal syndrome and β2 nAChRs expression in rats' ventral tegmental area (VTA). The rats were divided into six groups, i.e., control (OO), nicotine treated (NO), nicotine, and E. subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.-treated (NE 100, NE 200, NE 400), and E. subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.-treated (OE 200) groups. Nicotine was given ad libitum via drinking water with a step-wise increase of dosage every four days for 30 days. Somatic and affective signs were observed during the dark cycle of 24 hours abstinent period (days 31and 46). The expression of β2 nAChRs in the VTA was examined semi-quantitatively. It has been found that the rearing behavior of the NE 100 group was fewer on day 46 than on day 31. The body scratching behavior of the NE 100 group was fewer than that of the OO group on day 46. The front paws and penile licking behaviors of the NE 100 group were fewer than those of the NO group on day 46. The open arm entries of the NO group were fewer than that of the NE 200 group on day 46. The β2nAChRs expression of the NO group was lower than that of the OO group. E. Subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. at a dosage of 100mg/kg BW may decrease some somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal syndrome

Motivation and hesitation factors associated with physical activity (PA) among adults in Kuantan

Background: Physical inactivity is among the highest contributor to obesity and mortality in adults worldwide. On the other hand, increased physical activity is likely associated with body fitness and reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Limited evidence on the understanding of factors associated with motivation and hesitation towards PA in a specific community of adults. Hence, this study aimed to determine the level of physical activity and the factors associated with motivation and hesitation factors towards physical activity among adults in Kuantan. Method: A cross-sectional study with 217 adults in Kuantan, Pahang, completed the online questionnaires. The questionnaires include three parts; sociodemographic, International Physical Activity Questionnaires-short form (IPAQ-SF) and perceived factors associated with physical activity scale among adults in Kuantan. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.0. Independent sample T-test and One-way ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. Result: The majority of adults in Kuantan, Pahang, were physically inactive (47%), while 33.6% of the respondents engaged in moderate physical activity, and only 19.4% were physically active. Reducing stress was perceived to be the key motivating factor for PA, while lack of time was perceived to be the major hesitation factor towards PA among adults in Kuantan. The findings also revealed that there is a significant association between age and motivating factors elements which are having fun and relaxing the mind (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that knowing the motivation and hesitation factors towards PA in adults may benefit the relevant authorities in planning fitness activities and programs. Incorporating PA into working environments may increase participation. A future study with a larger sample size and gender-specific is recommended

The hypodermic syringe performance based on the ISO 7886-1:2017: A narrative review

A syringe is used to inject fluid or medicine into the patient's soft tissue. The main components of the syringe were the needle, barrel, and plunger. The use of syringes in the medical world is relatively high, and especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of hypodermic syringes increased sharply due to vaccination. The syringe used must be effective and of good quality, so the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published test procedures and minimum specifications for hypodermic syringes. The performance of the syringe can be observed from the dead space, force piston operation, water and air leakage, and fitting position of the plunger in the barrel. This review shows that most researchers use the weighing method to measure the dead space, although some use other methods. The researchers found that most of the products met the minimum specifications of the ISO, and that the dimensions and shape of the syringe affected the dead space. Researchers have not examined other performance measures recommended by the ISO. Researchers have focused more on force injection than force piston operation, leakage after injection or back spray than air and water leakage, and reduction the friction of the plunger without considering the fitting position of the plunger in the barre