AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Salmonella thyposa IN VITRO

Penyakit  infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan bahan alami yang mudah ditemui dan memiliki sifat antibakteri. Staphylococcus epidrmidis dan Salmonella typhosa  adalah bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif yang menyebabkan beberapa jenis penyakit.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan  Salmonella thyposa secara In Vitro. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan metode post- test only control group design. Konsentrasi ekstrak temulawak yang digunakan adalah 5%, 15% dan 45%. Penelitian menggunakan Media Muller Hilton yang telah diolesi bakteri dan dibuat sumuran dengan diameter 6 mm sebagai tempat ekstrak temulawak. Kloramfenikol digunakan sebagai kontrol postif dan aquabides sebagai kontrol negatif. Diameter zona hambat diukur menggunakan jangka sorong setelah inkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Hasil analisis data menggunakan Uji Krusskal-Wallis menunjukkan nilai p<0.005 dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney dengan nilai p=0.008. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Salmonella thyposa secara In Vitro

PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERMAIN PERAN (ROLE PLAYING) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS MATERI TOKOH-TOKOH SEJARAH PADA MASA HINDU-BUDHA DAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V pada pembelajaran IPS materi tokoh-tokoh sejarah pada masa Hindu-Budha dan Islam di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode bermain peran (Role Playing) di SDN Cipagalo 01 Kecamatan Bojongsoang Kabupaten Bandung.Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) jenis kolaborasi. Penelitian bekerjasama dengan guru kelas. Peneliti sebagai guru yang melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran sedangkan guru kelas V sebagai observer. PTK ini terdiri dari dua siklus, siklus I sampai dengan siklus II setiap siklus dilaksanakan dalam dua kali pertemuan setiap siklusnya meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menerapkan metode bermain peran (Role Playing) pada pembelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa tentang tokoh-tokoh sejarah pada masa Hindu-Budha dan Islam di Indonesia di kelas V. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada setiap siklusnya. Hal ini dikarenakan metode pembelajaran bermain peran (Role Playing) siswa diberikan kesempatan untuk bekerja sendiri serta bekerja sama dengan teman sekelasnya sehingga terjadi pengoptimalisasian partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran, interaksi yang terjadi selama pembelajaran dapat memberikan rangsangan untuk berpikir sehingga terjadi pengoptimalisasian partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran, interaksi yang terjadi selama pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode bemain peran (Role Playing) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Kata Kunci: Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Peran, Aktivitas, dan Hasil belajar siswa

Pengaruh Kadar Vitamin D Dan Indeks Massa Tubuh Terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Pada Pasien LBP Di Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Dr. Soeharso Surakarta

Low back pain is categorized into ten injuries, occupying the highest rate, almost 70-80%, in residents of both developed and developing countries. An increase in BMI in cases of overweight and obesity can increase the number and duration of low back pain sufferers with increasing pain intensity.This study aims to determine the effect of Vitamin D levels and BMI on the pain intensity of Low Back Pain patients at Dr. Soeharso Surakarta.The technique used in sampling in this study was random sampling. Used a cross-sectional study design method to determine the effect of vitamin D levels and BMI on the pain intensity of LBP patients at Dr. Orthopedic Hospital. Soeharso Surakarta. There is a significant correlation and relationship between vitamin D levels and pain intensity in low back pain patients at RSOP Surakarta. And there is also a significant correlation and relationship between body mass index and pain intensity in low back pain patients at RSOP Surakarta. Patients with an excess body mass index have 2.181 times the risk of experiencing low back pain with a pain score of 3-10. And also, vitamin D levels have more influence on pain intensity than body mass index in patients with low back pain at RSOP Surakarta.It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and BMI with pain intensity in low back pain patients at RSOP Surakarta

Hubungan Antara Merokok Dengan Kadar Kolesterol Total Pada Pegawai Pabrik Gula Tasikmadu Karanganyar

Background: Indonesia have become a country with a large number of smoker in the world and ranks fifth as consumer of cigarettes. People aged between 30 to 34 years are a largest proportion as active smoker which is 33,4 percent. Farmers/laborers/fishermen are the most active group of smoker based on job they have which is 44.5 percent. Smoking can lead to change of lipid concentrations in blood. Objective: In order to examine the relationship between smoking and total cholesterol level of employees of Tasikmadu karanganyar sugar factory. Methods: This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional method. In order to test valuable relationship between those two variables, it uses Spearman correlation test. Research Result: 60 respondents who smoke and have high cholesterol levels are as much as 26 respondents (89.7%) meanwhile respondents who smoke and have desirable cholesterol levels are as much as 4 respondents (12.9%). Respondents who do not smoke and have desirable cholesterol level are as much as 27 respondents (87.1%). While respondents who do not smoke and have high cholesterol levels are as much as 3 respondents (10.3%). After analytical test is done with Spearmen correlation test, the result are p = 0,000 and r = 0.884 which means there is valuable correlation with very strong correlation level and positive correlation direction or unindirectional. Conclusion: There is a valuable relationship between smoking and total cholesterol level of employees of Tasikmadu Karanganyar Sugar Factory

Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Karyawan Pabrik Gula Tasikmadu

Background: Hypertension is a condition where there is an increase in blood pressure and usually someone did not realize if they are having hypertension. In Karanganyar Regency the prevalence of hypertension is 40,7%. Smoking is one of the that increase the risk of hypertension and affect the pathophysiology of hypertension. Purpose: To find out the relationship between smoking and the case of hypertension found among the employe of Tasikmadu Karanganyar sugar cane factory.. Method: This research used analitic observational method with cross sectional approach. To find out that both variables have the same meaning. Result:Out of 43 respondents that has the habit of smoking 32 are suffered with hypertension while the other 11 respondents don’t have hypertension. Meanwhile from 43 respondents who doesn’t smoke, 12 were found suffers hypertension and the other 31 don’t have hypertension. After statistical analysis test being conducted with congtingensy coefficient corelation test the numer p = <0,05 obtained which means that there is a correlation with the meaning of r= +0,452 which means that someone who smoke could increase the risk of hypertension. Conclusion:There are meaningful relation between the habbits of smoking with hypertension in the employes of Tasikmadu Sugar Cane Factor

EFEK PEMBERIAN AIR KELAPA DAN AIR MINERAL TERHADAP KEBUGARAN JASMANI

Peningkatan kebugaran jasmani dapat membantu dalam pencegahan penyakit. Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara tingkat kebugaran fisik dan angka kesakitan serta kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kronis. Aktivitas fisik yang menyebabkan denyut nadi maksimal tercapai dapat membahayakan. Denyut nadi meningkat dapat dikarenakan oleh kurangnya cairan tubuh saat beraktivitas. Air kelapa merupakan salah satu contoh cairan yang mengandung bahan elektrolit yang baik bagi tubuh. Kandungan mineral dan sifat isotonis menjadikan air kelapa itu potensial dikonsumsi sebagai minuman olahraga. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan indeks kebugaran jasmani pada pemberian air mineral dibandingkan dengan air kelapa sebelum aktivitas fisik. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi experiment dengan rancangan pretest-posttest non equivalent control group design. Sampel sejumlah 20 mahasiswa laki-laki yang tidak rutin berolahraga dilakukan pengambilan data indeks kebugaran jasmani pada pemberian air kelapa serta air mineral. Hasil penelitian ini dengan uji t-independent  bernilai p>0,05. Simpulan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara indeks kebugaran jasmani pada pemberian air kelapa dan air mineral

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND IMMUNIZATIONS STATUS: RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN 2-5 YEARS

Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years old (toddlers) worldwide, especially in developing countries. ARI is an acute upper or lower respiratory tract disease that occurs acutely, usually transmitted with mild to lethal symptoms. Various risk factors cause a high incidence of ARI cases in infants, including low birth weight (LBW) and incomplete immunization. Children aged 2-5 years are expected to have received basic immunizations and complete tests according to age to have a stronger immunity to ARI than children aged less than two years. Objective: To determine the relationship of LBW and immunization history with ARI events in children aged 2-5 years.Methods: This is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design using 31 samples of ARI and non-ARI pediatric patients treated at the PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surakarta. Samples were determined using a purposive technique - meaning that samples were taken according to specific criteria. The population was pediatric patients aged 2-5 years diagnosed with ARI: common cold, nasopharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and SARS. This study's study populations are pediatric patients aged 2-5 years who were outpatient at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surakarta in December 2019. Therefore, the number of samples is calculated using the Sample Formula for Study Groups with Different Sample Sizes, and data was taken employing a patient's parent interview.Results: There were 31 patients with details of 17 ARI and 14 non-ARI. Fisher's test showed there was no relationship between LBW and ARI (p-value = 0.597, p&gt; 0.05 and Prevalence Ratio = 1.286). And there was no significant relationship between the history of immunization with ARI (p-value = 0.287, p&gt; 0.05 and Prevalence Ratio = 2.5).Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between LBW and immunization history with ARI in children aged 2-5 years

Hubungan Kecemasan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Salatiga

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic condition that prevalent is increase in years. The people with DM may have two time high risk to anxiety compare with the other without DM. Anxiety disease relation with hyperglycemia of DM people. Hyperglycemia in long time causes destroy of the organ. Purpose: To analize correlation between anxiety and blood sugar levels of DM patient type 2. Method: This research uses analytic observational design research with cross sectional planning. The research conduct in Intern Disease Medical Clinic RSUD of Salatiga in December 2014. Sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Anxiety data got from questionnaire T-MAS, while data blood sugar levels of DM type 2 patients from medical scan. Data analyzes with Pearson test, if there is a normal data distribution. Because in this research the data is abnormal distribution, so it analyzes with non parametric spearman with SPSS 17.0 for windows. Result: Sample uses 40 respondents and 75% of respondents have anxiety. Sum 75.5% samples have bad diabetes mellitus. According to spearman correlation get p value = 0,000 and R = 0,902. It shows positive the power correlation between anxiety and blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patient type 2. Patients with higher anxiety then the blood sugar levels are also higher. Conclusion: There is correlation between anxiety and blood sugar levels of DM patient type 2 at RSUD of Salatiga

Hubungan Antara Lama Menderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dengan Terjadinya Neuropati Sensorik Diabetik Di RSUD Salatiga

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus occurs as a result of the body's resistance to the effects of insulin produced by the pancreatic cells. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the largest case in Indonesia. Having diabetes mellitus for a long time and uncontrolled caused various complications such as diabetic sensory neuropathy. Diabetic sensory neuropathy is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Persistent hyperglycemia suspected as risk factor for diabetic sensory neuropathy. Objective: The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between the length of time of suffering Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Sensory Neuropathy occurrence. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Sampling using purposive sampling method with a sample of 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in RSUD of Salatiga. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Data is analize using Chi-Square test bivariate. Results: The results show X2 = 20.896 (<X2 table = 3.841) and p value = 0.000 (<α = 0.05) means there is a significant relationship between length of diabetes mellitus suffering time with diabetic sensory neuropathy occurrence. Long suffered from diabetes for less than ten years with the highest proportion of sensory neuropathy is at 51.42%. Conclusion: There is relationship between the length of time of suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic sensory neuropathy in RSUD Salatiga

NADI ISTIRAHAT DAN NADI PEMULIHAN DIPENGARUHI OLEH RUTINITAS OLAHRAGA

The level of physical fitness in Indonesia is still poor. Research shows physical fitness 22 provinces inIndonesia is 56.07% middle, while the rest are stated as being moderate. Thera are any corelation betweenphysical fitness and pulse. Assessing the work of the heart can be seen fromthe pulse which is the propagationof the heart rate. The recovery rate is one indicator to determine the level of physical fitness. This Harvard stepup test measurement is to see how quickly the body's ability to recover after doing activities. The purpose of theauthors conducting this study was to determine the difference in mean resting pulse, recovery rate of minutes 1,2 and 3 in students who regularly exercise and do not. The research method is analytic observational using across-sectional approach. A sample of 65 students, 20 who regularly exercise and 45 students do not regularlyexercise. The results of this study were treated with the mann-whitney and t-independent test showing a restingpulse value p<0.05. Researchers concluded that there weresignificant differences in the mean resting pulse,recovery rate of minutes 1, 2 and 3 in students who routinely exercised and did not