ECOTURISMO E CONSERVAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE POTENCIAIS COMPLEMENTARIDADES.

Neste artigo avaliamos a viabilidade econômica do ecoturismo e sua eficácia como alternativa para a conservação da diversidade biológica em áreas protegidas. Usamos como objeto de estudo a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Pousada das Araras, localizada no município de Serranópolis, no oeste do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Essa RPPN foi selecionada por apresentar elevada diversidade biológica aliada à beleza cênica de grande valor, com recursos histórico-culturais de especial relevância. Pelo lado dos custos da conservação da diversidade biológica o principal componente foi o custo de oportunidade (CO) das atividades produtivas que não estão sendo desenvolvidas nesta área de RPPN. Assim, o CO da conservação da biodiversidade foi dado pelos benefícios sacrificados de uma possível atividade agrícola, a cana-de-açúcar. Os benefícios líquidos da RPPN foram expressos pelos benefícios menos custos da atividade de ecoturismo nesta RPPN. Nossos resultados mostram que a RPPN só é viável economicamente se ela receber um fluxo contínuo e satisfatório de ecoturistas. Dito de outra maneira, os diferentes produtos ecoturísticos ofertados precisam atrair uma demanda significativa para que o ecoturismo se torne uma alternativa econômica relevante para o empreendedor privado de uma RPPN. Só assim proprietário particular e sociedade em seu conjunto podem garantir benéficos mútuos da conservação da biodiversidade. Caso a hipótese de nível e continuidade de fluxo de turistas não se confirmar, há necessidade de políticas públicas que orientem e auxiliem proprietários privados a desenvolver ecoturismo de modo eficaz e eficiente para a conservação da diversidade biológica. ------------------In this paper we evaluate the economic feasibility of ecotourism and its effectiveness to biological diversity conservation in protected areas. We use the Private Reserve of Natural Asset (RPPN) of Pousada das Araras as case study. This RPPN is located in the count y of Serranópolis, in the west portion of the State of Goiás, Brazil. It was chosen due to its high diversity of biological diversity and to its outstanding natural beauty. As far as economic estimates are concerned, the main cost component was the opportunity cost of sacrificed production. In our estimates, sugar-cane was chosen as the alternative land use. Net benefits of the RPPN were estimated as ecotourism benefits minus costs. Our results show that ecotourism in RPPNs is a economic sound activity if and only if it receives a significant flow of tourist throughout the year. If a continuous flow of tourists is not observed, it is necessary to draw and implement policies to incentive private entrepreneurs to develop ecotourism activities in their properties.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Data on the effects of Hyptis spp. and Lycium spp. plant extracts in C. elegans models of genetically determined neurodegenerative diseases

Supplementary material associated with this article can be found in the online version at: doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106598.Here, we present the data on the biological effects of Hyptis spp. and Lycium spp. plant extracts in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models of neurodegenerative diseases, which is related to the work presented in the article "Neurotherapeutic effect of Hyptis spp. leaf extracts in Caenorhabditis elegans models of tauopathy and polyglutamine disease: role of the glutathione redox cycle" [1]. This dataset was generated to define non-toxic concentrations of these plant extracts and to assess their impact on the motor phenotype and oxidative stress resistance of transgenic C. elegans models of two genetically defined neurodegenerative diseases: Machado-Joseph disease and Frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism associated to the chromosome 17. The impact of the plant extracts on toxicity was assessed using the food-clearance assay, absorbance being measured daily for seven days at 595 nm to quantify Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain OP50 bacteria consumption. Worm length and motor behaviour, including spontaneous and stimulated movement, were analysed using videos acquired with an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope with an integrated camera (Olympus SC30) and processed using the Image J® software and the Wrmtrck plugin. The resistance to oxidative stress induced by 240 µM juglone was assessed by determining the percentage of live animals after 1 hour of exposure.The authors thank all members of the Maciel and Dias laboratories for helpful tips and discussion; we also thank the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC), which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440), for providing some of the C. elegans strains; Dr. Brian Kraemer who kindly gave us the C. elegans model of FTDP-17; We thank Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano (IF Goiano) for the cultivation and harvesting of Hyptis spp. plant biomass.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of the bioative potential of medicinal plants of the genus Hyptis natives of the brazilian cerrado

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências (Área do Conhecimento em Biologia)Plantas do gênero Hyptis distribuídas por regiões tropicais e subtropicais apresentam grande utilização na medicina tradicional para tratamento de distúrbios gastrointestinais, infecções na pele, úlceras, inflamação, dores, câncer, problemas respiratórios, gripe, cãibras, malária, secreções nos brônquios, febre e infecções por microrganismos. Mesmo com toda a demanda para fins medicinais, faltam estudos que comprovem cientificamente seus benefícios à saúde humana. O objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante, citotóxica, citoprotetora e anti-inflamatória in vitro de extratos de folhas de Hyptis marrubioides (Hm), Hyptis pectinata (Hp) e Hyptis suaveolens (Hs) oriundas do cerrado brasileiro, bem como determinar seu perfil fitoquímico. Além disso, culturas de células em suspensão (CCS) destas espécies foram estabelecidas, eliciadas com estressores bióticos e abióticos e avaliadas quanto à produção de ácido rosmarínico (AR). A presença de ácidos fenólicos nos extratos foi confirmada por HPLC-DAD, bem como a presença de flavonóis e flavonas. CCS de Hs eliciadas com MeJ e de Hm eliciadas com MeJ e AS demostraram um significativo aumento de AR quando comparadas ao controle. Nos ensaios antioxidantes os extratos atingiram EC50 a diferentes concentrações e, portanto, apresentaram potencial antioxidante para as diferentes metodologias utilizadas. Nos ensaios antimicrobianos, verificou-se atividade antibiótica frente as cepas S. aureus (ATCC® 25923TM), S. aureus (ATCC® 29213TM), E. coli (ATCC® 10536TM), S. Cholerasuis (ATCC® 10708TM), P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 9027TM) e P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853TM) o que corrobora a utilização destas plantas na medicina tradicional. Os extratos também, indicaram efeitos não citotóxicos e ação antioxidante ao protegerem as células HepG2 de danos induzidos por insultos oxidativos, em condições de co-tratamento e pré-tratamento. Constatou-se que os extratos à concentração de 100μg/ml atuaram no controle da produção de EROs induzidos por t-BHP garantindo o efeito citoprotetor. Os extratos de Hp e Hs promoveram a inibição da produção de NO em células BV2 sem prejuízo da viabilidade demostrando uma possível ação anti-inflamatória. As informações contidas neste trabalho proporcionam auxílio para futuros estudos que busquem compreender a relação entre os metabólitos secundários presentes nos extratos e os mecanismos implícitos a suas potencialidades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e citoprotetora.Hyptis plants distributed in tropical and subtropical regions are widely used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, skin infections, ulcers, inflammation, pain, cancer, respiratory problems, influenza, cramps, malaria, bronchial secretions, fever and infections by microorganisms. Even with all the demand for medicinal purposes, studies that scientifically prove its benefits to human health are lacking. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Hyptis marrubioides (Hm), Hyptis pectinata (Hp) and Hyptis suaveolens (Hs) from the Brazilian Cerrado as well as to determine your phytochemical profile. In addition, suspension cell cultures (SCC) of these species were established, elicited with biotic and abiotic stressors and evaluated for rosmarinic acid (AR) production. The presence of phenolic acids in extracts was confirmed by HPLC-DAD, as well as the presence of flavonols and flavones. SCC of Hs elicited with MeJ and of the Hm elicited with MeJ and AS showed a significant increase in AR when compared to the control. In the antioxidant assays the extracts reached EC50 at different concentrations and, therefore, presented antioxidant potential for the different methodologies used. In the antimicrobial assays, antibiotic activity was verified against S. aureus (ATCC® 25923TM), S. aureus (ATCC® 29213TM), E. coli (ATCC® 10536TM) strains. , S. Cholerasuis (ATCC® 10708TM), P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 9027TM) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853TM) which corroborates the use of these plants in traditional medicine. The extracts also indicated non-cytotoxic effects and antioxidant action while protecting HepG2 cells from damage induced by oxidative insults under cotreatment and pretreatment conditions. It was found that extracts at 100μg / ml concentration controlled the production of t-BHP-induced ROS guaranteeing the cytoprotective effect. The extracts of Hp and Hs promoted the inhibition of NO production in BV2 cells without impairing viability showing a possible antiinflammatory action. The information contained in this work provides help for future studies that seek to understand the relationship between the secondary metabolites present in the extracts and the mechanisms implicit to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective potentialities

Ecotourism in private reserves of natural patrimony : economic alternative for biodiversity conservation? An evaluation through the method cost of opportunity

Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Departamento de Economia, 2009.O presente estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Pousada das Araras, localizada no município de Serranópolis, no sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. Ela é uma unidade de conservação em área privada, gravada em caráter de perpetuidade, com o objetivo de conservar a diversidade biológica e promover o ecoturismo, educação ambiental e pesquisas. Para essa reserva avaliamos a viabilidade econômica do ecoturismo e sua eficácia como instrumento para a conservação da diversidade biológica e para a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável compensando o custo de oportunidade (CO) das atividades econômicas que não estão sendo desenvolvidas nesta reserva. Para tanto, o CO da conservação da biodiversidade foi dado pelos benefícios sacrificados de uma possível atividade agrícola, a cana-de-açúcar e o benefício ecológico da conservação foi expresso por custos e benefícios do ecoturismo. Diante dos resultados, constatou-se que caso a reserva tenha um fluxo satisfatório de ecoturistas e que os diferentes produtos ecoturísticos ofertados tenham uma demanda significativa, o ecoturismo se torna uma alternativa econômica relevante para o proprietário e para toda a sociedade ao garantir lucros e a conservação da biodiversidade. Como o benefício da existência de RPPN’s é considerável para o bem-estar de toda sociedade, há necessidade de políticas ambientais que orientem e auxiliem o proprietário a desenvolver o ecoturismo de modo vantajoso. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study was developed in the Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony Parrots Inn, located in the town of Serranópolis, in the southwest region of the State of Goiás. It is am area of conservation in private farm, recorded in character of perpetuity, with the objective of conserving biological diversity and to promote the ecotourism, environmental education and researches. In this RPPN we evaluate the economic feasability of ecotourism and its effectiveness as instrument for conservation of biological diversity and to compensate the opportunity cost (CO) of economic activities foregone. The CO of biodiversity conservation was estimated as benefits sacrificed of a possible agricultural activity. Environment benefits of conservation were espressed in terms of net of ecotourism. Faced with these results, it becomes clear that the RPPN Parrot Inn must have a satisfactory how of ecotourists and that different ecotouristics products should have a significant demand in oder to ecotourism becomes a prominent economic alternative for private owners and for the whole society, reflecting positive returns of biodiversity conservation. As the existence of RPPN’s represents considerable benefits for the entire society, environmental policies must stimulate ecotourism in conservation units as an effective means for biodiversity conservation

ECOTURISMO E CONSERVAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE BIOLÓGICA: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DE POTENCIAIS COMPLEMENTARIDADES.

Neste artigo avaliamos a viabilidade econômica do ecoturismo e sua eficácia como alternativa para a conservação da diversidade biológica em áreas protegidas. Usamos como objeto de estudo a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Pousada das Araras, localizada no município de Serranópolis, no oeste do Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Essa RPPN foi selecionada por apresentar elevada diversidade biológica aliada à beleza cênica de grande valor, com recursos histórico-culturais de especial relevância. Pelo lado dos custos da conservação da diversidade biológica o principal componente foi o custo de oportunidade (CO) das atividades produtivas que não estão sendo desenvolvidas nesta área de RPPN. Assim, o CO da conservação da biodiversidade foi dado pelos benefícios sacrificados de uma possível atividade agrícola, a cana-de-açúcar. Os benefícios líquidos da RPPN foram expressos pelos benefícios menos custos da atividade de ecoturismo nesta RPPN. Nossos resultados mostram que a RPPN só é viável economicamente se ela receber um fluxo contínuo e satisfatório de ecoturistas. Dito de outra maneira, os diferentes produtos ecoturísticos ofertados precisam atrair uma demanda significativa para que o ecoturismo se torne uma alternativa econômica relevante para o empreendedor privado de uma RPPN. Só assim proprietário particular e sociedade em seu conjunto podem garantir benéficos mútuos da conservação da biodiversidade. Caso a hipótese de nível e continuidade de fluxo de turistas não se confirmar, há necessidade de políticas públicas que orientem e auxiliem proprietários privados a desenvolver ecoturismo de modo eficaz e eficiente para a conservação da diversidade biológica. ------------------In this paper we evaluate the economic feasibility of ecotourism and its effectiveness to biological diversity conservation in protected areas. We use the Private Reserve of Natural Asset (RPPN) of Pousada das Araras as case study. This RPPN is located in the count y of Serranópolis, in the west portion of the State of Goiás, Brazil. It was chosen due to its high diversity of biological diversity and to its outstanding natural beauty. As far as economic estimates are concerned, the main cost component was the opportunity cost of sacrificed production. In our estimates, sugar-cane was chosen as the alternative land use. Net benefits of the RPPN were estimated as ecotourism benefits minus costs. Our results show that ecotourism in RPPNs is a economic sound activity if and only if it receives a significant flow of tourist throughout the year. If a continuous flow of tourists is not observed, it is necessary to draw and implement policies to incentive private entrepreneurs to develop ecotourism activities in their properties

Phenolic production and antiradicalar activities of in vivo plants and in vitro cultures of several hyptis species collected in Cerrado Area (Goiás, Brazil)

Introduction Hyptis is a Lamiaceae genus, consisting of various medicinal and aromatic species widely distributed in South America, particularly in Brazil. Among these species, H. suaveolens (SH), H. marrubioides (HM) and H. pectinata (HP) are widely used in folk medicine in the region of Goiás (Midwest, Brazil). They are used as infusions or ethanol/aqueous extracts for treating diseases such as nasopharyngitis, sinus congestion, skin disorders, headache, stomach problems, fever, dental pain, bacterial and fungal infections, cancer, etc. This practice becomes a major concern in the scientific community because little is known about the reliability and safety of use of these plants. In order to better understand and validate some of the traditional uses of these plants biomass of these plants were studied concerning phenolic composition and antiradicalar activities. Method HS, HM and HP plants were collected in vivo in the region of Rio Verde (Gioás Brasil). Additionaly, in vitro cultures of these species were established. Different hormone combinations of auxin 2,4-D/NAA and cytokinin BAP/Kin were used for in vitro cultures. The best combinations were selected for calli and/or shoot cultures production. Both biomass of in vivo plants and in vitro cultures were taken and lyophilized. The dried biomass was ground and aliquots were taken for preparation of ethanolic extracts (80%). These extracts were filtered and subsequently analyzed for phenolic content (HPLC analysis) and antiradical activity (DPPH method). Results / Discussion / Conclusion The in vivo plants produced mainly quercetin (Q) and luteolin (L) derivatives, and rosmarinic acid (RA) derivatives. The phenolic profiles of in vitro cultures were similar to the in vivo counterparts, but with differences in composition; in vitro cultures produced more compounds of RA type. The extracts of the three species shown good antiradicalar potential, with the best EC50 obtained for HP (57 µg / ml). In vitro extracts of cultures showed similar anti-radical properties; no significant differences were observed for EC50s of in vivo and in vitro biomass. Phenolic compounds may be responsible for the antiradicalar activities of these species and therefore their positive effect against several pathological processes.FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative Study on the Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Hyptis marrubioides, Hyptis pectinata, and Hyptis suaveolens Methanolic Extracts

The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the key enzyme in the breakdown of acetylcholine, may be considered as one of the treatment approaches against several neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, compare, and discuss the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of three methanolics extracts from Hyptis leaves: Hyptis marrubioides (Hm), Hyptis pectinate (Hp), and Hyptis suaveolens (Hs). AChE activity was measured using a modified 96-well microplate assay based on Ellman’s method. IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values were calculated for Hm, Hp, and Hs methanolic extracts using physostigmine as a positive control. All the extracts exhibited a dose-dependent AChE percent inhibition with IC50 values lower for Hm, followed by Hp and Hs. Several polyphenols (such as flavonoids and phenolic acids) have been considered a prominent source of anti-Alzheimer disease compounds because of their potential AChE inhibitory activity allied to their well-known antioxidant activity and low toxicity. The results obtained are discussed under the light of the available literature regarding the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Hyptis spp. extracts. Further studies are warranted regarding the role of these Hyptis extracts in the progression of neurological disorders

Neurotherapeutic effect of Hyptis spp. leaf extracts in Caenorhabditis elegans models of tauopathy and polyglutamine disease: role of the glutathione redox cycle

Hyptis suaveolens (HS), Hyptis pectinata (HP) and Hyptis marrubioides (HM) are plants used in folk medicine for treatment of several diseases. Here, we tested the in vivo antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of methanolic extracts from these plants, containing several rosmarinic acid derivatives and isoquercetin. In C. elegans, HS, HP and HM leaf extracts enhanced the antioxidant responses through the induction of specific antioxidant enzymes and demonstrated neurotherapeutic potential in transgenic models of genetically determined human neurodegenerative diseases - frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 and Machado-Joseph disease. Chronic treatment of disease models with HS, HP and HM leaf extracts improved the animals motor function and increased their tolerance to an oxidative insult. The restorative effect of HM extract in motor performance of both disease models required the presence of glutathione reductase (gsr-1), an enzyme that assures the glutathione redox cycle, highlighting the role of this pathway and unveiling a common candidate therapeutic target for these diseases. Our findings strengthen the relevance of plant-derived bioactive compound discovery for neurodegenerative disorders that remain without effective treatment.This work has been funded by ICVS Scientific Microscopy Platform, member of the national infrastructure PPBI - Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI–POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122; by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - project UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER0 31987; and by the projects NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work was supported by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This work was supported by Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano (IF Goiano). Costa, MD received funding from National Ataxia Foundation (NAF) and Vilasboas-Campos, D received a PhD grant from FCT (SFRH/BD/ 147,826/2019).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio