Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Findings of Cephalothoracopagus Janiceps Disymmetros: A Case Report

Conjoined twins are rare variants of monozygotic twins, which result from an incomplete division of the embryonic disk. Cephalothoracopagus is a rare twin pregnancy described as imperfect fusion of the head and chest, but separated columns, limbs, and pelvis. They occur with incidence rates that range from 1 per 50,000 to 1 per 100,000 births; however, the incidence of the cephalothoracopagus variety is 1 per 58 conjoined twins. In the case of identical and symmetric faces caused by the orientations of the 2 notochordal axes that are perfectly ventroventral, they are called janiceps disymmetros. We present a prenatal diagnosis of a typical case of cephalothoracopagus janiceps disymmetros and the diagnostic confirmation by image and pathology exams

Risk factors associated with death in Brazilian\ud children with severe dengue: a case-control study

Objective:\ud \ud The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate risk factors associated with death in children with severe dengue.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud The clinical condition of hospitalized patients with severe dengue who died (cases, n = 18) was compared with that of hospitalized patients with severe dengue who survived (controls, n = 77). The inclusion criteria for this study were age under 13 years; hospital admission in São Luis, northeastern Brazil; and laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of dengue.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Severe bleeding (hemoptysis), a defining criterion for dengue severity, was the factor most strongly associated with death in our study. We also found that epistaxis and persistent vomiting, both included as warning signs in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of dengue, were strongly associated with death. No significant association was observed between any of the laboratory findings and death.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud The finding that epistaxis and persistent vomiting were also associated with death in children with severe dengue was unexpected and deserves to be explored in future studies. Because intensive care units are often limited in resource-poor settings, any information that can help to distinguish patients with severe dengue with a higher risk to progress to death may be crucial.This research was funded by grants BICUFMA 00366/07, BIC-UFMA 00377/07 and BD-00266/09 from Fundac¸a˜o de Amparo a` Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´gico do Maranha˜o (FAPEMA), Sa˜o Luı´s, Maranha˜ o, Brazil. GFS was the recipient of a junior research fellowship in 2007-2008 from the Universidade Federal do Maranha˜o, Sa˜o Luı´s, Maranha˜ o, Brazil. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript

Ultra-sonografia transvaginal do colo para a predição do parto pré-termo em pacientes sintomáticas com bolsa íntegra Transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix for predicting premature delivery in symptomatic patients with intact membranes

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a utilidade do comprimento cervical ultra-sonográfico para a predição do parto em gestantes com contrações uterinas persistentes e bolsa íntegra. MÉTODOS: realizou-se estudo observacional, prospectivo, do tipo coorte no qual foram incluídas 45 gestantes internadas em nossa instituição entre a 22ª e a 34ª semana. Ultra-sonografia transvaginal do colo foi realizada uma única vez, após completado um ciclo de tocólise endovenosa, com aferição do comprimento, conforme critérios descritos previamente. Os achados ultra-sonográficos não foram utilizados para o diagnóstico ou conduta obstétrica. O desfecho estudado foi a ocorrência de parto pré-termo (<37 semanas). A análise estatística fundamentou-se em método de regressão logística univariada para determinar a significância do comprimento cervical para a predição do parto pré-termo. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05) e o intervalo de confiança foi de 95% (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: a incidência de parto pré-termo foi de 51,1% (23/45). O comprimento cervical associou-se de forma significativa ao desfecho da gestação (p<0,0001). Após construção de curva característica operatória do receptor, um comprimento cervical de 20 mm revelou-se como melhor ponto de corte para a predição do parto pré-termo (sensibilidade: 86,9%; especificidade: 81,8%; valor preditivo positivo: 83,3% e valor preditivo negativo: 85,7%). A área calculada abaixo da curva característica operatória do receptor foi de 0,91 (IC 95%: 0.79-0.97; p<0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: nas mulheres com contrações uterinas persistentes e bolsa íntegra, em tratamento para trabalho de parto pré-termo, um comprimento cervical inferior a 20 mm demonstrou maior probabilidade de parto pré-termo. A ultra-sonografia transvaginal pode melhorar a acurácia diagnóstica em gestantes sintomáticas.<br>PURPOSE: to assess the role of ultrasonographic cervical length in predicting premature labor in patients presenting persistent uterine contractions and intact membranes. METHODS: a prospective observational cohort study was performed in 45 women admitted to our hospital between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation. Transvaginal sonographic evaluation of the cervix was performed once in the women who had completed a course of parenteral tocolysis. The cervical length was obtained according to criteria reported previously. Cervical sonographic findings were not used in diagnosis and management. Outcome variable was the occurrence of preterm delivery (<37 weeks). Statistical analysis consisted of univariate method with the purpose of determining the significant contribution of cervical length to the prediction of preterm delivery. The adopted significance level was 5% (p<0,05) and the confidence interval was 95% (95% CI). RESULTS: the incidence of preterm delivery was 51.11% (23/45). Cervical length was significantly associated with the outcome (p<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a cervical length of 20 mm was the best cutoff in predicting preterm delivery (sensitivity 86.9%; specificity 81.8%; positive predictive value 83.3%; negative predictive value 85.7%). The calculated area under the curve was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79-0.97; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: among women with persistent uterine contractions and intact membranes treated for preterm labor, a cervical length of less than 20 mm demonstrated a high likelihood of preterm birth. Transvaginal ultrasound may improve the accuracy of diagnosis in symptomatic women

Prenatal Diagnosis and Postnatal Ultrasound Findings of Cloacal Anomaly: A Case Report

Cloacal malformation is an extremely rare fetal pathological condition that presents as a variety of defects. It predominantly affects females, with prevalence of 1 in 50,000 births. Prenatal ultrasonography on a 20-year-old caucasian woman (G4P1A2) at 33 weeks of pregnancy showed the fetus having a large cystic mass in the lower abdomen with a single septum, bilateral hydronephrosis, ambiguous genitalia, and a single umbilical artery. The pregnancy developed accentuated oligohydramnios, and presence of a fetal brain-sparing effect was diagnosed using arterial Doppler velocimetry. The newborn showed abdominal distension, ambiguous genitalia, and rectal atresia, with a single perineal opening. Pelvic ultrasound done on the first day after delivery revealed the presence of a large retrovesical septated cystic mass of dense content in the fetal abdomen, and bilateral hydronephrosis. Hysterotomy was performed, and 70 mL of dense liquid was drained through an abdominal colostomy. The infant died on the 27th day of life as a result of infectious complications. Prenatal diagnosing of female urogenital anomalies is usually difficult because of their rarity, different types of manifestation, and lack of characteristic ultrasound signs. Presence of a septated cyst with dense content in the fetal abdomen confirms the finding of hydrometrocolpos, thus raising clinical suspicion of a cloacal anomaly

Prenatal Diagnosis of Penoscrotal Hypospadia in Third Trimester by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography: A Case Report

Hypospadia is an abnormal development of the corpus spongiosum, that involves cavernosa urethra, as a result of an inadequate fusion of the urethral folds. The incidence ranges from 0.2 to 4.1 per 1,000 live births. Among the markers of hypospadia, isolated ventral or lateral curvature of the penis associated with shortening are the most important markers and, in severe cases, can result in the classic “tulip sign.” The diagnosis of hypospadia is uncommon unless there is a routine of detailed analysis of fetal genitalia morphology. The prenatal diagnosis is of great importance for genetic counseling and allows better planning of postnatal treatment. The three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in rendering mode enables better comprehension of the pathology by parents, facilitating postnatal planning. We report a case of penoscrotal hypospadia diagnosed at 33 weeks of gestation, suspected due to the absence of testicles in the scrotum and difficulty of penis visualization. We emphasize the findings of 3DUS and its importance in the pathology compression by parents

Lipoma espinhal associado a seio dérmico congênito: relato de caso

Os lipomas espinhais são raros, respondendo por 1% de todos os tumores espinhais, estando associados ao disrafismo espinhal oculto em mais de 99% dos casos. Estão divididos em três tipos principais: lipomielomeningocele, lipoma intradural e fibrolipoma do filo terminal. Este relato descreve um caso de lipoma lombossacral congênito associado a estigma cutâneo do tipo seio dérmico lombar congênito