Identifying Examinees Who Possess Distinct and Reliable Subscores When Added Value is Lacking for the Total Sample

Research has demonstrated that although subdomain information may provide no added value beyond the total score, in some contexts such information is of utility to particular demographic subgroups (Sinharay & Haberman, 2014). However, it is argued that the utility of reporting subscores for an individual should not be based on one’s manifest characteristics (e.g., gender or ethnicity), but rather on individual needs for diagnostic information, which is driven by multidimensionality in subdomain scores. To improve the validity of diagnostic information, this study proposed the use of Mahalanobis Distance and HT indices to assess whether an individual’s data significantly departs from unidimensionality. Those examinees that were found to differ significantly were then assessed separately for subscore added value via Haberman’s (2008) procedure. To this end, simulation analyses were conducted to evaluate Type I error, power, and recovery of subscore added value classifications for various levels of subdomain test lengths, subdomain inter-correlations, and proportions of multidimensionality in the total sample. Results demonstrated that the HT index possessed around 100% power across all conditions, while maintaining Type I error below 5%, which led to nearly perfect recovery of subscore added value classifications. In contrast, the power rates for Mahalanobis Distance were much lower ranging from 13% to 61% with Type I errors maintained at the nominal level of 5%. Although the power rates were below the desired criterion of 80%, the cases identified as aberrant using this method were found to have greater variability between subdomain scores, increased reliability, and lower observed subdomain correlations when compared to the generated data. As a result, outlier cases were found to have subscore added value for nearly 100% of cases across conditions even when the generated multidimensional data did not possess subscore added value. These results were cross-validated using a large-scale high-stakes test in which the Mahalanobis Distance measure was found to identify 6.57% of 8,803 test-takers that possessed subscores with added-value who otherwise would have been masked by the unidimensionality of the total sample. Overall, this study suggests that the Mahalanobis Distance measure shows some promise in identifying examinees with multidimensional score profiles

Graduate Training in Educational Measurement and Psychometrics: A Curriculum Review of Graduate Programs in the U.S.

This mixed-methods study included a curriculum review of 118 graduate (masters & doctoral) programs in educational measurement, assessment, evaluation, psychometrics, and/or quantitative psychology in the United States to examine both the content and skills prioritized in graduate training. In addition to required content, programs/program curricula were coded with respect to intellectual home (psychology v. education departments), level of program (M.A. v. EdD or PhD), total credits, and number and rank of faculty. Patterns with respect to content variation are presented. To supplement these data, interviews were conducted with measurement professionals – working in industry, government, and the academy- to determine what skills and content knowledge they believe to be critical for success in the field and to evaluate any disconnects between content knowledge thought to be important to practitioners and the actual content knowledge taught

UAS Service Supplier Specification

Within the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) system, the UAS Service Supplier (USS) is a key component. The USS serves several functions. At a high level, those include the following: Bridging communication between UAS Operators and Flight Information Management System (FIMS) Supporting planning of UAS operations Assisting strategic deconfliction of the UTM airspace Providing information support to UAS Operators during operations Helping UAS Operators meet their formal requirements This document provides the minimum set of requirements for a USS. In order to be recognized as a USS within UTM, successful demonstration of satisfying the requirements described herein will be a prerequisite. To ensure various desired qualities (security, fairness, availability, efficiency, maintainability, etc.), this specification relies on references to existing public specifications whenever possible

UTM Brief to Partners

No abstract availabl

Overview of Unmanned Aerial System Traffic Management (UTM)

No abstract availabl

Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) Safely Enabling UAS Operations in Low-Altitude Airspace

Overview of UAS Traffic Management and CN (Communications and Navigation) RTT (Research Transition Team) working group

A Clinical Decision Support System for Malignant Pleural Effusion Analysis

Pleural effusion occurs when fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity surrounding the lung. This condition is commonly caused by infection, but can also be associated with the presence of a metastatic tumor. Samples of pleural fluid are used to analyze the morphologies of mesothelial cells and can typically be used to make a diagnosis between benignity and malignancy. Atypical pleural effusion samples are not easily identified as benign or malignant due to a lack of differentiable visual features, and such a problem has a significant influence in clinicians\u27 decision making. In this paper, the goal is to develop a clinical decision support system (CDSS) using computer imaging and machine learning techniques for diagnosing atypical pleural effusion. The proposed approach involves four steps for analyzing slides of pleural effusion samples: image processing, feature measurement, feature selection, and classification. Processing and measurement of images produced a preliminary data set of 500 samples; each is described by 398 features. A genetic algorithm was applied for feature selection and identified a subset of 39 important features. The experimental results showed that the selected features can distinguish atypical nuclei as benign or malignant with a five-fold cross validation accuracy of 91%

Nature of oxygen at rocksalt and spinel oxide surfaces

The chemical environment of oxygen in cobalt-containing metal oxides with compositions M xM′( x – 1) O and M xM′(3x – 1) O4 (M,M′ = Mn,Ni,Co) has been studied by Auger, x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron, and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopies. While there is a single type of lattice oxygen in the bulk structure of simple rocksalt and spinel oxides, the nature of oxygen at the surface of the spinel oxides is considerably more complex. Photoemission from core oxygen states in these materials often shows multiple peaks and satellite structure which have been attributed to a range of intrinsic and extrinsic oxygen states. All of these 3d transition metal oxides show a single, intense O 1s core photoemission peak at approximately 529.6 eV. In the spinel materials, a second state at 531.2 eV is also observed and is shown to be intrinsic to the spinel surface and not a result of hydroxylation or other surface contaminant. Similar photoemission features in Fe3O4 were previously attributed to final state effects; however, the nature of the multiple final states remains to be elucidated