Polyphenols isolated from pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.): Evaluation of physical-chemical properties by FTIR and quantification of total polyphenols and anthocyanins content / Isolamento de polifenóis do suco da romã (Punica granatum L.): Avaliação das propriedades físico-química por FTIR e quantificação do teor total de polifenóis e antocianinas

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a polyphenols source, such as anthocyanins, punicalagin, ellagitannins and tannins. Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds present in foods as cereals, fruits (peels, seeds and juice), vegetables, wine, and among others. Polyphenols are responsible to protect cells and to limit the risks of degenerative and tumoral diseases, as well as, to prevent cardiovascular diseases, neuronal diseases, and present important anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to isolate polyphenols from pomegranate juice using solvents without heating. The solvents used were ultrapure water, ethanol, ethanol 70% and methanol. The samples were characterized by FTIR to evaluate the physical-chemical properties, the total polyphenols content was quantified by Folin-Ciocalteau method, using gallic acid as standard equivalent, and the total anthocyanins content was quantified by pH-differential method, using anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside) as standard equivalent. FTIR spectra showed the main characteristic groups of polyphenols, as hydroxyl group and stretching vibration of benzene rings. And the characteristic groups of solvents were CH2 ou CH3, hydroxyl, carboxyl e carbonyl group. For the quantification of total polyphenols and anthocyanins content, the best results were found to the pomegranate juice: ultrapure water samples. According to the data obtained it was possible to conclude, who the process employed was effective to isolate the polyphenols from pomegranate juice and the use of different types of solvent influenced in the achievement of these results. 

Polyphenols isolated from pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.): Evaluation of physical-chemical properties by FTIR and quantification of total polyphenols and anthocyanins contente / Isolamento de polifenóis do suco da romã (Punica granatum L.): Avaliação das propriedades físico-química por FTIR e quantificação do teor total de polifenóis e antocianinas

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a polyphenols source, such as anthocyanins, punicalagin, ellagitannins and tannins. Polyphenols are antioxidant compounds present in foods as cereals, fruits (peels, seeds and juice), vegetables, wine, and among others. Polyphenols are responsible to protect cells and to limit the risks of degenerative and tumoral diseases, as well as, to prevent cardiovascular diseases, neuronal diseases, and present important anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to isolate polyphenols from pomegranate juice using solvents without heating. The solvents used were ultrapure water, ethanol, ethanol 70% and methanol. The samples were characterized by FTIR to evaluate the physical-chemical properties, the total polyphenols content was quantified by Folin-Ciocalteau method, using gallic acid as standard equivalent, and the total anthocyanins content was quantified by pH-differential method, using anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside) as standard equivalent. FTIR spectra showed the main characteristic groups of polyphenols, as hydroxyl group and stretching vibration of benzene rings. And the characteristic groups of solvents were CH2 ou CH3, hydroxyl, carboxyl e carbonyl group. For the quantification of total polyphenols and anthocyanins content, the best results were found to the pomegranate juice: ultrapure water samples. According to the data obtained it was possible to conclude, who the process employed was effective to isolate the polyphenols from pomegranate juice and the use of different types of solvent influenced in the achievement of these results. 

Dense lamellar scaffold, biomimetically inspired, for reverse cardiac remodeling : effect of proanthocyanidins and glutaraldehyde

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that aims in healing damaged tissue. The choice of the crosslinking agent is one of the most critical requirements for the development of three-dimensional scaffold devices. This study aimed to investigate the effects of proanthocyanidins (PA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) associated with plastic compression method on the properties of the dense lamellar. The physiomechanical and physical–chemical properties of the scaffolds were evaluated. The antioxidant activity was investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method; viability and proliferation cellular were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and imaging cytometer (H9c2 cells). The effect of the crosslinking agents modified the physiomechanical properties but did not modify the mucoadhesion properties. Proanthocyanidin-scaffold has the ability to bind water’s molecule and to reduce the space between polymeric chains. Proanthocyanidin-scaffold and GA scaffold showed, respectively, 44 and 17% of antioxidant activity. Both crosslinking agents did not influence the viability and proliferation of H9c2 cells. Considering the anisotropic structure, and the physiomechanical properties, cellular compatibility, and protective action against reactive oxygen species, this study may provide a way to improve the inverse modulation of heart tissue, after infarct acute of the myocardiumCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP425271/2016-113432-0/2018Postgraduate Support Program for Private Education Institution – Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Prosup-Capes) with financial support for scholarship. CNPq.-Brazil: 425271/2016-1. FAPESP-Brazil 13432-0/2018. This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico; Coordenac¸~ao de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de Nıvel Superior; Fundac¸~ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paul

Structural comparison, physicochemical properties, and in vitro release profile of curcumin-loaded lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticle: Influence of hydrotrope as interface stabilizers

Lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) is a nano-biomimetic lipid-based system, which has thermodynamic property that is peculiar to it, and suitable for its structural ordering, which facilitates more intimate contact with the tissues. The LLC as a carrier of curcumin has been much studied, however, this is the first time that hydrotrope method approach has been used in the lamellar system precursor of the LLC nanoparticles (LLC-NPs). Curcumin was used due to its pharmacological properties. However, bioavailability is limited by poor water solubility, high chemical instability and metabolic susceptibility. The aim of this study was developed and lipid-based LLC systems prepared by the hydrotrope method were evaluated. Unlike most studies, sodium lauryl sulphate and Poloxamer 407® were used as hydrotropes and the stability, dissolution rate, and physicochemical properties of LLC-NPs were evaluated. The analysis of results showed that hydrotropes increase the stability of LLC-NPs and modify the curcumin release profile. The structural ordering of the lamellar mesophase and LLC-NPs was revealed by microscopy of polarized light and laser confocal scanning microscopy, the results showed a structure with the maltese cross. The LLC-NPs arising from lamellar mesophase with hydrotropes into water-lipid matrices hosted curcumin in the hilum of the maltese cross, and controlled release of curcumin.This study had financial support from CAPES/PROSUP-Brazil. We thank Kerry (Brazil) for supplying the raw material (Myverol® 18- 92K). We thank Prof. Dr. Fabio Leite responsible for the Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics/Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring located at the Federal University of São Carlos in Sorocaba/SP-Brazil and Prof. Dr. Moema de Alencar Hausen by analysis of structural characterization by laser confocal scanning microscopy. We thank Laboratory of Biomaterials, Pontificial University Catholic (PUC/SP-Brazil) and Prof. Dr. Daniel Komatsu by analysis of structural characterization by polarized light microscopyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease