Guldpiger og Teknikdrenge – køn i teknisk skole og dets konsekvenser

The article shows how gender works as an unnoticed principle of organization at a Danish technical school. We point out how ideas of subjects studied and gender are interwoven. As a consequence of this students are given different possibilities at the technical school depending on their choice of subject and their gender mark and the way they do gender at the technical schools. These uneven possibilities can only be understood in relation to the gendered labour market

Evaluering af mobiliteten omkring Campus i Nyk. F, foretaget af studerende og skoleelever

Dette indlæg omhandler et evalueringsprojekt af mobiliteten omkring det nye Campus på Poul Martin Møllersvej, Merkurs Plads og Vestensborg Allé i Nykøbing F. Evalueringsprojektet består af fire delevalueringer, som er foretaget af studerende og skoleelever, der går på en af skolerne i Campusområdet, hvor der findes en række ungdomsuddannelser og en ny folkeskole.  Formålet med evalueringsprojektet var dels at evaluere de nye skoleveje. Derudover skulle det vurderes, hvordan man kunne få flere elever og studerende til tage cyklen i stedet for at køre/blive kørt i bil. Til sidst skulle der findes forslag, der kan forbedre trafiksikkerhed og trafikafvikling i skoleområdet.  Det overordnede krav og nytænkende element var, at det var de studerende fra ungdomsuddannelserne og eleverne fra folkeskolen, som skulle udføre evalueringsprojektet. Derudover skulle evalueringsmetoderne kunne overføres til brug på kommunens andre skoler og uddannelsesinstitutioner.  En følgegruppe bestående af skoleledere fra skolerne, Politi, Cyklistforbundet, Guldborgsund Kommune samt Hougaard Trafik skulle styre projektet i den rigtige retning.  Fire hold studerende og elever fra forskellige skoler skulle evaluere skolevejene ved Campus efter forskellige metoder. Fælles for dem alle var, at de fulgte de helt basale principper for trafiksikkerhedsarbejdet, nemlig udpegning af problemer og udarbejdelse af løsningsforslag, som kunne bruges i den fremtidige planlægning af skolevejene. Følgegruppen udvalgte efterfølgende, hvilke forslag der var realistiske og kunne udføres.  Udover at evalueringsprojektet har bidraget med stor viden om problematiske steder på skolevejene og gode forslag til tiltag, har projektforløbet givet studerende og elever læring omkring trafiksikkerhed og adfærd, som er så vigtig hos de unge.  For de studerende har forløbene indgået i undervisningen som opfyldelse af en del af læringsmålene i de pågældende fag. På folkeskoleniveau kan forløbet med fordel anvendes i den obligatoriske færdselsundervisning.  På baggrund af evalueringsprojektet er rapporten ”Mobilitet omkring Campus, Nyk. F. – Hovedrapport og Bilagsrapport, Hougaard Trafik, januar 2019” udarbejdet. Projektet er udført af Guldborgsund Kommune med et tilskud fra EU-puljemidler gennem kommunens samarbejde med Interreg Baltic Sea Region.&nbsp

The Paradox of freedom in Everyday Leadership Practice - an Inquiry into the Identity Work of Developing Leadership in the Public Sector in Denmark

This thesis is an autoethnographic inquiry into the identity work of leaders working in the public sector in Denmark. The research is about how degrees of freedom can be experienced when it is acknowledged that leaders are paradoxically both enabled and constrained through interdependencies with others. The main puzzle is about what is involved in the processes of leaders negotiating identity when thinking about the mutual constitution of individuality and sociality. This research argues that identity work within leadership is based on contradictions and ambiguities as well as how leaders simultaneously form and are formed by social rules and norms. The inquiry illustrates the temporality of leadership identity. It emphasizes how the human capacity to adapt to different power relations comes with either the risk of indeterminacy and a weak sense of self or with the risk of determinacy and a weak sense of the other. Losing the paradoxical understanding of these interdependencies might result in either dogmatism or relativism. This research provides critical insight into both positions. Relying on a mixture of collaborative autoethnography and reflexive narrative inquiry, I research into my own practice of leading and facilitating leadership development. The research is problem-driven and based on an exploration of experiences of my interactions with the people I work with. The paradoxical approach to identity leads to a perspective on freedom, which acknowledges the ongoing interdependencies between individuals and their relationships with others. The understanding of freedom in this thesis is opposed to the idea of freedom as liberation from the constraining character of our relationships with others. I argue against an understanding of freedom from constraints and emphasize how freedom can be found within interdependent and constraining relationships. This research considers how I and other leaders, both formal and informal, can find degrees of freedom to engage with how we are continuingly both enabled and constrained and improvise within these entanglements. The inquiry emphasizes the importance of resonant relationships with others in the processes of negotiating identity based on the assumption that humans more fully recognize themselves in relationships with others. Resonant relationships and the perspective on the mutual interdependencies within the leadership identities that emerge might enable us to find ways to move on in everyday leadership practice. In this research, I suggest that the ongoing exploration of the emergent power relations, in which we get caught up, and the rhythms of work as navigation through time and space are important in understanding the emergent identities – regarding both the self and others. Through such inquiry, we might be able to negotiate and find greater room to manoeuvre, in this thesis emphasized as a position of being with oneself in another. Further, the research presents an argument of how contemporary idealisations about leadership and organizational life might create problems regarding our sense of freedom when leading. An important aspect of leadership is to explore the character of our interdependencies. Such an inquiry takes time, where the perceived need for speed within the organizational life can be a stumbling block. Further, the idealisation of individual freedom, that comes with the demand for self-management, builds on an understanding of autonomous individuals, and a perspective on humans as resources, which breaks with the paradoxical approach of this thesis. Paradoxically the experience of some degree of freedom comes, in the arguments presented within this thesis, by acknowledging the ongoing enabling and constraining character of the emergence of leadership identities

Applied mediation analyses:a review and tutorial

In recent years, mediation analysis has emerged as a powerful tool to disentangle causal pathways from an exposure/treatment to clinically relevant outcomes. Mediation analysis has been applied in scientific fields as diverse as labour market relations and randomized clinical trials of heart disease treatments. In parallel to these applications, the underlying mathematical theory and computer tools have been refined. This combined review and tutorial will introduce the reader to modern mediation analysis including: the mathematical framework; required assumptions; and software implementation in the R package medflex. All results are illustrated using a recent study on the causal pathways stemming from the early invasive treatment of acute coronary syndrome, for which the rich Danish population registers allow us to follow patients’ medication use and more after being discharged from hospital

Hangrise lugter mere end forventet

Økologiske hangrise vokser godt, men mange har et højt niveau af stoffer, der giver ornelugt

Socioeconomic patient characteristics predict delay in cancer diagnosis: a Danish cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Delay in cancer diagnosis may be important for cancer prognosis. Large individual variations in the duration of delay have been observed. This study examines whether patients' socioeconomic characteristics are predictors of long patient-, doctor- and system-related delay in cancer diagnosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Danish population-based cohort study. From September 2004 to September 2005, newly diagnosed cancer patients were enrolled from administrative registries. A total of 467 general practitioners in the County of Aarhus, Denmark, completed questionnaires on 2,212 cancer patients' diagnostic pathways. A total of 1,252 cancer patients filled in questionnaires on their socioeconomic characteristics (e.g. marital status, education, occupation, household income and fortune). Delay was categorised as short or long based on quartiles. Predictors of long delay were assessed in a logistic regression model using odds ratios (ORs) as a proxy of relative risks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In regard to <it>patient delay</it>, retired female patients experienced shorter delays (OR 0.35, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.13 to 0.98) than employed female patients, while female smokers experienced longer delays (OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.21 to 4.85) than female non-smokers.</p> <p>In regard to <it>doctor delay</it>, female patients with a large household fortune experienced shorter delays (OR 0.07, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.45) than economically less privileged female patients. Well-educated men experienced shorter delays (OR 0.40, 95%CI 0.16 to 1.00) than men with short education. Male patients experienced longer doctor delays (OR 2.11, 95%CI 1.11 to 4.02) than women when gender-specific cancers were excluded.</p> <p>In regard to <it>system delay</it>, female patients with a large household fortune experienced shorter delays (OR 0.46, 95%CI 0.21 to 0.99) than economically less privileged women, while female patients with a high alcohol intake experienced longer delays (OR 2.82, 95%CI 1.18 to 6.72) than women with an average intake.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found socioeconomic predictors of delay that allow us to hypothesize social inequalities in the distribution of delay, but, in general, only a few socioeconomic variables predicted delay in cancer diagnosis. Future research should examine a broader array of patients' personal characteristics.</p

Quantification of Cell-free HER-2 DNA in Plasma from Breast Cancer Patients: Sensitivity for Detection of Metastatic Recurrence and Gene Amplification

The purpose of this study was to quantify the free-circulating plasma HER-2 DNA (cfHER-2 DNA) and to assess the ability of analysis to discriminate between patients with primary breast cancer and healthy controls in order to detect metastatic recurrence in comparison with serum HER-2 protein and also HER-2 gene amplification. The study population consisted of 100 patients with primary breast cancer and 50 healthy female donors. An additional 22 patients with metastases were subsequently included. cfHER-2 DNA was quantified with a quantitative PCR method together with a reference gene. Results: Using a cut-off of 2.5 for the ratio of the cfHER-2 DNA/reference gene, three (of 15) tissue HER-2-positive patients had a ratio >2.5 prior to the detection of metastatic disease. In the post-metastatic/pre-chemotherapy setting, 11 (of 23) tissue HER-2-positive patients with metastases had a ratio >2.5. There was no difference between absolute preoperative cfHER-2 DNA values for patients with primary breast cancer and those for healthy controls. There was no difference between cfHER-2 DNA values taken within nine months of development of the metastatic disease and the levels in patients without metastases, but there was a significant difference in the corresponding serum HER-2 protein levels in the tissue HER-2-positive patient group. Conclusion: Amplified HER-2 DNA can be detected in plasma when using a ratio comparison between cfHER-2 DNA and a reference gene. cfHER-2 DNA could not be used to discriminate between patients with primary breast cancer and healthy controls, and could not predict the development of metastatic disease

Early psychosocial intervention in Alzheimer’s disease:Cost utility evaluation alongside the Danish Alzheimer’s Intervention Study (DAISY)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost utility of early psychosocial intervention for patients with Alzheimer's disease and their primary caregivers. DESIGN: Cost utility evaluation alongside a multicentre, randomised controlled trial with 3 years of follow-up. SETTING: Primary care and memory clinics in five Danish districts. PARTICIPANTS: 330 community-dwelling patients and their primary caregivers. INTERVENTION: Psychosocial counselling and support lasting 8–12 months after diagnosis and follow-up at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months in the intervention group or follow-up only in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the cost of additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs were measured from a societal perspective, including the costs of healthcare, social care, informal care and production loss. QALYs were estimated separately for the patient and the caregiver before aggregation for the main analysis. RESULTS: None of the observed cost and QALY measures were significantly different between the intervention and control groups, although a tendency was noted for psychosocial care leading to cost increases with informal care that was not outweighed by the tendency for cost savings with formal care. The probability of psychosocial intervention being cost-effective did not exceed 36% for any threshold value. The alternative scenario analysis showed that the probability of cost-effectiveness increased over the range of threshold values used if the cost perspective was restricted to formal healthcare. CONCLUSIONS: A multifaceted, psychosocial intervention programme was found unlikely to be cost-effective from a societal perspective. The recommendation for practice in settings that are similar to the Danish setting is to provide follow-up with referral to available local support programmes when needed, and to restrict large multifaceted intervention programmes to patients and caregivers with special needs until further evidence for cost-effectiveness emerges. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Database as ISRCTN74848736