Neighbor removal increases forager longevity, slows progression through temporal castes (Pogonomyrmex badius)

Sustainability standards like Fair Trade (FT) or Utz certified (Utz) are widely regarded as a promising way of improving smallholder coffee farmer welfare. As yet, the impact of certification remains poorly understood. This chapter presents the findings of the study regarding the impact of FT and Utz in Kenya. The study was carried out in the Kiambu and Nyeri districts of Kenya (Figure 3.1). The study is based on two waves of data collection carried out in 2009 and 2013 with farmers belonging to six cooperative societies: Ndumberi, Tekangu, Kiambaa, Mikari, Rugi and Kiama. This chapter aims to answer the following central research question: What is the impact of FT/Utz involvement at producer and producer organisation level in Kenya

Moedersterfte in Tanzania

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Delivery care in Tanzania: A comparative analysis of use and preferences

Item does not contain fulltextMaternal mortality remains high because of low use of skilled delivery care. While governments try to lower access barriers, little is known about women’s preferences. This study combines data from a survey and a choice experiment in Tanzania to compare women’s preferences with real choices of delivery care. We find that less empowered women and women who delivered their latest pregnancy outside a health facility find the technical quality of care less important, which indicates that their lower use of delivery care is partly induced by their preferences. Access barriers for poor women are particularly severe with delivery complications.12 p

Aiding Science : An analysis of Swedish Research Aid Policy 1973 – 2008

The purpose of this report is to summarize my dissertation on the topic of Swedish research aid policy. The dissertation investigated how Swedish official aid policy constructed the role of research for development in low-income countries between 1973 and 2008. The overarching purpose of the study was to contribute to an understanding of how science has been conceived of as a tool for progress in the post-World War II period. Questions that I asked included: How was the role of research for development constructed? How are individual researchers and universities seen to contribute to development? How is the role of the aid actor portrayed? I sought to identify trends and patterns as a way to analyse the kind of futures that were imagined in the policy documents with respect to the role of science

The impact of Utz certification on smallholder farmers in Uganda

Sustainability standards like Fair Trade (FT) or Utz certified are widely regarded as a promising way of improving smallholder coffee farmer welfare. As yet, the impact of certification remains poorly understood. The current chapter presents the findings of the study regarding the impact of Utz certification in Uganda.15 The study is based on two waves of data collection carried out in 2009 and 2012 with farmers belonging to two cooperative organisations that received support from the Dutch Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) Solidaridad: Kulika (located in Kamuli district) and Ankole Coffee Processors Ltd. (located in Ibanda district). This study aims to provide a broad comparison between farmers and their organisations selling Utz certified or conventional coffee. In line with this objective, the guiding research question is: What is the impact of Utz involvement at producer and producer organisation level

Improving document retrieval by automatic query expansion using collaborative learning of term-based concepts

Abstract. Query expansion methods have been studied for a long time – with debatable success in many instances. In this paper, a new approach is presented based on using term concepts learned by other queries. Two important issues with query expansion are addressed: the selection and the weighing of additional search terms. In contrast to other methods, the regarded query is expanded by adding those terms which are most similar to the concept of individual query terms, rather than selecting terms that are similar to the complete query or that are directly similar to the query terms. Experiments have shown that this kind of query expansion results in notable improvements of the retrieval effectiveness if measured the recall/precision in comparison to the standard vector space model and to the pseudo relevance feedback. This approach can be used to improve the retrieval of documents in Digital Libraries, in Document Management Systems, in the WWW etc.