Browning of Scottish surface water sources exposed to climate change

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Multi-year transport studies of sulfonylurea herbicides from a barley field in Norway, 2007-2010 – including development of LC-MS/MS methods for quantitative analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides and degradation products

The report presents the results from multi-year field studies of transport of the sulfonylurea herbicides tribenuron-methyl and amidosulfuron in a barley field in Norway. A method for sample preparation of water samples and LC-MS/MS analysis of 6 sulfonylurea herbicides tribenuron-methyl, amidosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, iodosulfuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron) and 5 degradation products (INL5296, INA4098, AEF101630, IN70941, IN70942) is also described.publishedVersio

Vann, juss og samfunn

Society’s use and management of water relies on professional expertise spanning diverse fields: from biology and technology to economics and law. This book examines current issues related to regulating water through chapters summarizing various sets of regulation as well as chapters that take a scientific deep dive into selected themes. The diversity of professional expertise is also reflected in the law aspect. We explore such subjects as surface runoff, natural disasters, drinking water, groundwater, salmon, hydropower, and human rights, as well as general impact assessment requirements and duty of knowledge in environmental law administration. A key objective of the book has been to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of the legal circumstances associated with water, and in addition, deliberate the pros and cons of some of the current regulations. This book will be particularly useful for those who in various ways support and facilitate procedures within the public sector at both the national and municipal levels. It will also be useful for private sector actors seeking familiarity with legal questions that can arise in relation to public administration and other private actors. From a broader perspective, we hope the book can help to throw light on conflicts between different interests and groups within society that occur, for example, when introducing fees, special injunctions against private actors, and requirements for knowledge basis. This book project is the result of legal research conducted at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) and is supplemented by national expertise in several areas. It has been edited by Steinar Taubøll, a professor at NMBU’s Department of Property and Law. Taubøll has a background in both law and the natural sciences, and extensive experience with interdisciplinary work.Håndtering og bruk av vann i samfunnet krever et faglig mangfold fra biologi og teknikk til økonomi og juss. Denne boken drøfter aktuelle temaer knyttet til rettslig regulering av vann, både i form av oversiktskapitler om ulike regelsett og gjennom vitenskapelige dypdykk i utvalgte temaer. Den faglige spennvidden gjenspeiler seg også innen det juridiske. I boken finner man stoff om overvannshåndtering, naturfare, drikkevann, grunnvann, villaks, kraftutbygging, menneskerettigheter, samt om generelle utredningskrav og kunnskapsplikter i miljørettsforvaltning. Et sentralt siktemål er å bygge opp tverrfaglig forståelse av gjeldende juridiske forhold knyttet til vann, og dessuten sette noen av dagens reguleringer under debatt. Boken retter seg særlig til de ressurspersonene som på ulike måter støtter saksbehandlingen i stat og kommune. Boken antas også å være nyttig for private aktører som vil gjøre seg mer kjent med rettsspørsmål som kan oppstå i forhold til forvaltningen og til andre private aktører. I et bredere perspektiv er det dessuten ønskelig at boken kan bidra til å belyse konflikter mellom ulike hensyn og grupper i samfunnet, for eksempel ved innføring av gebyrer, pålegg rettet mot private, innføring av tyngende vilkår og krav til kunnskap og faktagrunnlag. Bokprosjektet springer ut av den juridiske forskningen ved Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet, og har i tillegg knyttet til seg nasjonal spisskompetanse på mange temaer. Bokas redaktør er dosent Steinar Taubøll ved Institutt for eiendom og juss ved NMBU, som har naturfaglig og juridisk utdannelse, samt lang erfaring med tverrfaglig arbeid

Vann, juss og samfunn

Society’s use and management of water relies on professional expertise spanning diverse fields: from biology and technology to economics and law. This book examines current issues related to regulating water through chapters summarizing various sets of regulation as well as chapters that take a scientific deep dive into selected themes. The diversity of professional expertise is also reflected in the law aspect. We explore such subjects as surface runoff, natural disasters, drinking water, groundwater, salmon, hydropower, and human rights, as well as general impact assessment requirements and duty of knowledge in environmental law administration. A key objective of the book has been to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of the legal circumstances associated with water, and in addition, deliberate the pros and cons of some of the current regulations. This book will be particularly useful for those who in various ways support and facilitate procedures within the public sector at both the national and municipal levels. It will also be useful for private sector actors seeking familiarity with legal questions that can arise in relation to public administration and other private actors. From a broader perspective, we hope the book can help to throw light on conflicts between different interests and groups within society that occur, for example, when introducing fees, special injunctions against private actors, and requirements for knowledge basis. This book project is the result of legal research conducted at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) and is supplemented by national expertise in several areas. It has been edited by Steinar Taubøll, a professor at NMBU’s Department of Property and Law. Taubøll has a background in both law and the natural sciences, and extensive experience with interdisciplinary work

Sorption and desoprtion of isoprotuton and metalaxyl in soil from Heiabekken and Rustad, south-eastern Norway

Fra Institutt for jord- og vannfag. Rapport nr. 7/2001 (97). Faggruppe: Pesticider. Geografisk område: S-Ø Norge. Oppdragsgiver: Statens landbrukstilsyn.Det er gjennomført sorpsjons- og desorpsjonsforsøk med pesticidene isoproturon og metalaxyl i topp- og undergrunnsjord fra Heiabekken og Rustad gård i henhold til OECD guideline 106 (1997). Soprsjons- og desopsjonsisotermene for isoproturon er lineære over et stort konsentrasjonsområde. (0,002 - 2,0 mg/l) i toppjord og i et begrenset konsentrasjonsområde (002-0,02 mg/l) i undergrunnsjord fra Heiabekken. Resultatene for metalaxyl viser også god tilpasning til lineære isotermer i topp- og undergrundsjord fra Heiabekken og undergrunnsjord fra Rustad gård, og til Freundlich isotermer i topp- og undergrundsjord fra både Heiabekken og Rustad gård. Sorpsjonen av isoproturon og metalaxyl er større for toppjord sammenlignet med undergrunnsjord, p.g.a. høyere innhold av organisk materiale. Både isoproturon og metalaxyl er mobile pesticider, isoproturon viser imidlertid større grad av binding til jord enn metalaxyl. Fordelingskoeffisienter korrigert for jordas innhold av organisk karbon viser høyere verdier for isoproturon (Koc: 94-107 sammenlignet med metalaxyl (Koc: 36-62). For isoproturon er sorpsjons- og desorpsjonsprisessene tilnærmet i topp- og undergrunnsjord fra både Heiabekken og Rustad gård. Hysteresis er observert for metalaxyl i topp og undergrunnsjord fra Rustad gård

Sorption properties of isoproturon in soils

Fra Institutt for jord- og vannfag. Rapport nr. 8/2001 (98). Faggruppe: Pesticider. Geografisk område: S-Ø Norge. Oppdragsgiver: Statens landbrukstilsynDet er gjennomført sorpsjons- og desorpsjonsforsøk med pesticidet isoproturon i topp- og undergrunnsjord fra Skuterud, Ås i helhold til OECD guideline 106 (1997). Sorpsjons- og desorpsjonsisotermene for isoproturon er lineære over et stort konsentrasjonsområde (0,0001-1,0 mg/l) i topp- og undergrunnsjord fra Skuterud. Tilpasning til Freundlich isotermer var også god (r^2 > 0,99). Additiver i handelsproduktet Tolkan-WG (Rhone Poulenc) hadde ingen signifikant innvirkning på sorpsjonen av isoproturon i de undersøkte jordtypene. Sorpsjonen av isoproturon er sterkt avhengig av jordas innhold av organisk materiale og sorpsjonen var følgelig høyere for toppjord enn for undergrunnsjord med Kd-verdier på henholdsvis 2,9 og 1,06. Fordelingskoeffisienter korrigert for jordas innhold av organisk karbon viste liten variasjon for de to jordtypene, med verdier på 96 og 107. Sorpsjons- og desorpsjonsprosessene er tilnærmet reversible i topp- og undergrunnsjord fra Skuterud

Natural stochasticity vs. management effort: use of year-to year variance for disentangling significance of two mutually confounding factors affecting water quality of a Norwegian cold dimictic lake

Natural stochasticity can pose challenges in managing the quality of the environment, or hinder understanding of the system structure. It is problematic because unfavourable stochastic event cancels the costly management effort and because favourable stochastic event overestimates success of the management effort. This paper presents a variance-based modelling method that can be used to quantify the extent to which the natural stochasticity can affect the target environment. We use a case study of a lake water quality assessment in a Norwegian lake of Årungen, together with a lake model MyLake, in order to present the method, and how this method could assist in answering scientific and managerial questions. Specifically, the case study's goal was to disentangle the respective significance of nutrient loading (management) and weather (the confounding natural stochasticity). Many scientifically and managerially relevant understandings have been revealed. For example, variation in runoff volume was most prevalent during autumn and winter, while variation in phosphorus inflow was most extensive from late winter to early spring. Thermal related properties in the lake were mostly determined by weather conditions, whereas loading was the most important factor for phytoplankton biomass and water transparency. Mild winters and greater inputs of suspended matter and phosphorus were followed by increased phytoplankton biomass and light attenuation. These findings suggest also that future changes in the global climate may have important implications for local water management decision-making. The present method of disentangling mutually confounding factors is not limited to lake water quality studies and therefore should provide certain utility in other application field of modelling. This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in HESS if available

The importance of year-to-year variation in meteorological and runoff forcing for water quality of a temperate, dimictic lake

Natural stochasticity can pose challenges in managing the quality of the environment, or hinder understanding of the system structure. It is problematic because unfavourable stochastic events cancel management efforts and because a favourable stochastic event may overestimate perceived success. This paper presents a variance-based modelling method that can be used to quantify the extent to which natural stochasticity can affect the target environment. We use a case study of a eutrophication assessment of a Norwegian lake, Årungen, using a lake model, MyLake, in order to present the method, and to investigate how this method could assist in answering scientific and management questions. Here we contrasted two effects of nutrient loading in runoff (partially controllable by policies) and meteorology (purely natural stochastic events), illustrated in the case study, in order to achieve the season-by-season quantification of mutually confounding factors of stochastic events. The results indicate that, for example, variation in runoff volume was most prevalent during autumn and winter, while variation in phosphorus inflow was most extensive from late winter to early spring. Thermal-related properties in the lake were well predicted by the model, and showed that the time of thermocline formation varied among years by more than 1 month, from mid-April to mid-May, whereas loading was the most important factor for phytoplankton biomass and water transparency. Mild winters and greater inputs of suspended matter and phosphorus were followed by increased phytoplankton biomass and light attenuation. These findings also suggest that future changes in the global climate may have important implications for local water management decision-making. The present method of disentangling mutually confounding factors is not limited to lake water quality studies and may also provide utility in other types of aquatic system modelling

Unraveling long-term changes in lake color based on optical properties of lake sediment

A number of boreal surface waters have become browner over the last two decades. Recovery from acid rain is regarded as an important driver for this lake color increase, indicating a general browner lake color in preindustrial times. However, the lack of long-term monitoring data makes it challenging to unravel historical changes in lake color. In this study, we estimated long-term development in lake color (1800 to 2015) based on the optical properties of alkaline extractable dissolved organic matter (DOM) from sediment using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that the present lake color (2015) was significantly browner (four times higher in absorption coefficient) than for the period from 1800 to 1915 when lake color was at a lower and more stable level. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) indicate that terrestrially derived DOM was the main source of sediment DOM. However, the importance of in-lake source of DOM has significantly increased with time. The long-term trend in DOM burial was not consistent with the anthropogenic sulfur (S) deposition pattern. However, along with the increased sediment DOM, there has been increased precipitation, temperature and forest growth with time, which affect the production and degradation of DOM. Even though S deposition might have delayed the runoff of terrestrial DOM for a certain period, it comes in addition to other color-regulating factors. Thus, there is no single driver for the observed lake browning, but rather an interplay between different drivers varying in strength over time, such as afforestation, changes in areal use, declined S deposition, and increased temperature and precipitation.peerReviewe

Quantifying the drivers of the increasing colored organic matter in boreal surface waters

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