Facilitating vocabulary learning in teaching English as a second language in Sri Lanka: a comparative study

Vocabulary plays a central role in learning English as a second language (ESL) as learners rely heavily on vocabulary knowledge and the lack of it is the main obstacle for ESL learners. The development of vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) is one of the most crucial areas of research in ESL (Carter & McCarthy, 1988; Wu, 2006; Hiebert & Kamil, 2005; Nation, 2008; Nation &Gu, 2007; Nation & Webb, 2011; Zimmerman, 2009; Ur, 2012). In order to better understand the difficulties faced by ESL learners in learning vocabulary and adopt effective VLSs, this comparative study employs qualitative approach to investigate the VLSs adopted by ESL learners of two groups: Colombo school learners (CSL) and Sammanthurai school learners (SSL) distinguished by their region and also examines their perception to vocabulary learning. An analysis of the questionnaire combined with informal interview sessions show unanimous agreement on vocabulary instruction in the classroom. However, significant differences exist in learner preferred strategies. Compared to the CSL learners, the SSL perceive vocabulary learning to be difficult as they rely heavily on teacher directed classroom instruction. They have a strong belief in learning new words with L1 translation to facilitate better retention of words. The VLSs adopted by CSL has been through incidental learning in informal setting within and beyond the classroom. While both groups consider reading and communicating in English as good VLSs, the CSL have more faith in technology assisted vocabulary learning device monitored by mobile phone, television and computer. Subtitles of films, documentaries and Facebook also assist them to deliver and receive regular and repeated vocabulary content. Frequent encounter with new vocabulary and usage in a variety of contexts help them to enhance their retention

Profil Gr-1 Dan CD34 Mencit Yang Diinfeksi Staphylococcus Aureus Pacsa Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia)

S. aureus menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit infeksi sistemik, seperti endokarditis, osteomielitis, sindrom kulit melepuh, pneumonia dan penyakit Toxic Shock Syndrom (TSS). Faktor virulen S. aureus dapat menginduksi peningkatan neutrofil, inflamasi, serta menstimulasi sel T sehingga terjadi sekresi citokin proinflamasi secara besar-besaran. S. aureus resisten terhadap antibiotic sehingga mendorong masyarakat untuk mencari tanaman obat tradisional. Tanaman obat lebih efektif, efek samping lebih kecil, dan harga lebih murah dibandingkan obat sintetik. M. citrifolia dijadikan bahan alternatif pengobatan karena memiliki potensi sebagai anti mikroba, anti kanker, anti inflamasi dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil Gr-1 dan CD34 mencit yang diinfeksi S. aureus pacsa pemberian ekstrak air buah mengkudu (M. citrifolia). Penelitian menggunakan RAL factorial. Terdapat 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok non infeksi dan infeksi. Kedua kelompok diberi ekstrak air buah M. citrifolia dengan dosis berturut-turut 25 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, dan 300 mg/kgBB selama 20 hari kemudian diinfeksi S. aureus sebanyak 1 x 109 sel. Deteksi jumlah relatif Gr-1 dan CD34 menggunakan Flow cytometry, dianalisis dengan progam CellQuest dan dilakukan uji statistik ANOVA dan uji BNJ menggunakan progam SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Pada kelompok non infeksi terjadi peningkatan Gr-1 pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB, dosis 25 mg/kgBB dan 100 mg/kgBB serta terjadi peningkatan dan penurunan CD34 secara signifikan (P<0.05). Pada kelompok Infeksi terjadi penuruan Gr-1 pada dosis 300 mg/kgBB, dan peningkatan CD34 pada dosis 100 mg/kgBB. Penurunan Gr-1 dimungkinkan karena senyawa M. citrifolia yang berperan sebagai anti inflamasi

Adaptive Immune Response Stimulation on Nephrolithiasis Mice Model After Treatment of Tempuyung (Sonchus Arvensis L.) Leaf Extract

Calcium crystal accumulation on kidney can cause kidney stone (nephrolithiasis). The oxalate calcium crystal which is deposite on the kidney can trigger inflammation on the epithelial that is able to induce cells death (necrosis). The necrosis is able to cause inflammation and it will affect the body\u27s immune system. Infection agent that comes to the body will be responded by the innate immunity which will be responded later by adaptive immunity. One of herbal agent that is expected to be used to stimulate adaptive immunity response is Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) leaf extract. The aim of this study is to find out the change of relative amount of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B (B220) cells on nephrolithiasis mice model after S.arvensis leaf extract. The mice are divided into six groups; control group, placebo, nephrolithiasis, S.arvensis leaf extract for 7 days, nephrolithiasis then it is continued with S.arvensis leaf extract for 7 days, and simultaneous (nephrolithiasis and S.arvensis leaf extract for 3 months). The amount of relative T lymphocyte cells is measured by using BD FACSCalibur FlowcytometerTM. The data is analyzed by using ANOVA one way (p<0.05) using SPSS 16.0 software for Windows. The result shows that there are changes of relative CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B (B220) cells on nephrolithiasis mice model after the giving of S.arvensis leaf extract. The treatment of S.arvensis leaf extract on the nephrolithiasis mice model can stimulate the homeostatic activity by suppressing the B cells. Compound of S.arvensis leaf extract that can inhibit of Th1 cells and the increase of Th2 cells by proliferation cells activity. The treatment of S.arvensis leaf extract for 7 days can suppress CD4+. The S.arvensis leaf extract can stimulate adaptive immune response which is caused by immunomodulatory active component

Monitoring Location Tracker untuk Kendaraan Berbasis Raspbery Pi

Learning from the development of new technologies using the Internet as a monitoring medium, it can be ascertained that gps can be applied in various fields. These gps systems offer efficient improvements in vehicle monitoring and obtaining accurate and real time data. That with thedevelopment of new technologies that can be done that was the work-manual work using a computer that is Raspberry Pi. Data collection method is done by observation method, interview method and literature study, tool design method is done by using Fritzing application as a tool to design the system to be made and design of prototype to be built. But so far some are still local (Intranet), such as Infrared, Bluetooth and Wireless LAN. With the latest technology changing the local paradigm (Intranet) into IoT / Internet Protocol Based. In designing this tool required Raspberry Pi as Gps media as well as vehicle monitoring media using GPS, equipped with GPS module as a monitoring medium with ease. The creation of this tool may make it easy for vehicle owners to monitor vehicles remotely and provide reports in realtime

Aktivitas Imunomodulator Polyscias Obtusa Terhadap Sistem Imunitas Pada Bone Marrow Broiler Setelah Pemberian Salmonella Typhimurium

Antibiotik banyak dimasukkan dalam pakan ternak untuk menanggulangi penyakit ternak, namun pemberian antibiotik dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan resistensi dan juga residu bagi manusia. Polyscias obtusa memiliki senyawa saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid yang diduga sebagai imunomodulator dalam sistem imunitas tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun P. obtusa sebagai imunomodulator terhadap imunitas anak ayam broiler. Metode penelitian diantaranya uji konfirmasi bakteri, persiapan kultur bakteri dan daun P. obtusa, pembuatan pakan ransum dosis 1 (0.08%), dosis 2 (0.16%) dan dosis 3 (0.26%) dari daun P. obtusa, infeksi S. typhimurium 500 µl secara oral di hari ke-14, pembedahan pertama pada hari ke-24, pembedahan terakhir pada hari ke-34, sel limfosit diisolasi pada organ bone marrow dan diinkubasi dengan antibodi rat-anti-CD4+PE, rat-anti-CD8+ FITC, dan rat-anti-CD45+PerCP masing-masing sebanyak 50 µl kemudian dilakukan running flowcytometri. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan perlakuan yang paling menunjukkan dalam peningkatan sel limfosit adalah perlakuan yang diberi dosis daun P. obtusa, yaitu perlakuan pakan ransum dosis 0,08%, perlakuan pakan ransum dosis 0,16%, dan perlakuan pakan ransum dosis 0,26%. Jumlah relatif CD4+ mengalami peningkatan dengan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Sehingga dapat dibuktikan bahwa daun P. obtusa mampu berperan sebagai imunomodulator dalam sistem imunitas

Uji Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azaradiracta Indica Juss)

Tanaman mimba salah satu tanaman herbal asli Indonesia yang mempunyai banyak manfaat. Salah satu potensi tanaman mimba sebagai antioksidan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Ekstrak daun mimba mengandung berbagai bioaktif diantaranya berfungsi sebagai anti oksidan, anti bakteri, anti jamur. Pada penelitian ini daun mimba eikstrak dengan metode maserasi selama 3x 24 jam dengan variasi pelarut yaitu air, etanol 60%, etanol 80%, methanol 60% dan methanol 80%. Hasil ekstraksi daun mimba selanjutnya dianalisa phytokimia meliputi flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid , dan saponin. Serta aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak methanol 80% mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 83,28

Detection of VipAlbumin® Effect in CD34 and SDF-1 Mobilization, in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus Mice

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body loses its ability to provide tight regulation and maintain a dynamic interaction between the tissue sensitivity and insulin secretion by β cells. The impact of this dysfunctional mechanism is uncontrolled blood glucose levels that lead to hyperglycemia condition. Highly reactive free radicals have a strong involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, where one of its forming process may be triggered by hyperglycemia condition. Patients with diabetes mellitus itself vulnerable to endothelial dysfunction, which is caused by a decrease in circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and also a decrease in chemokines which play a role in affecting the activities of these cells. Hyperglycemia condition and free radical activity is a major cause of these endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction.The purpose of this study was to determine the role of VipAlbumin®, a supplement derived from Channa striatus albumin extracts in inhibiting the action of free radicals that are formed due to hyperglycemia condition, which can affect the increase in endothelial progenitor cells relative amount. This study used BALB/C mice that induced to undergo diabetes mellitus through streptozotocin injection intraperitoneally at 5-day old. Mice who have reached 4 week old and positive to diabetes mellitus (blood glucose levels > 200 mg.dl-1) will be administered with VipAlbumin® orally for 14 days. VipAlbumin® dosage was divided into 4 groups: positive control (without VipAlbumin®); 1st dose (0.01664 mg.gr-1 BW); 2nd dose (0.416 mg.gr-1 BW); 3rd dose (10.4 mg.gr-1 BW). The last step was flow cytometric analysis to determine the development of endothelial progenitor cells relative amount, which isolated from bone marrow. The variables measured in this study were the relative amount of CD34+ and SDF-1. Based to flow cytometric analysis, mice with VipAlbumin® administration did not show any significant improvement in CD34 relative amount when compared to the positive control. Relative amount of Chemokine SDF-1 itself, although only occur at the 3rd dose of VipAlbumin® treatment, has increased and significantly different from the positive control

Perancangan Rem Linier Memakai Fluida MR dengan Kendali Arus Listrik Berbasis Fungsi Linier

Magneto rheological (MR) fluid has been used in various electro mechanical devices since it has advantages of being able to be controlled by external magnetic force. However, application of the MR fluid for linear brakes is still scarce. This article proposes a new design of linear MR brake. It has multiple magnetic poles, and its core can be connected in series inside the piston. Equations which express relationships between mechanical force and magnetic force as well as magnetic force and electric current have been derived. As a result, a polynomial function was obtained which expressed mechanical force of the brake as a function of electric current. Parameter values of geometric dimension and magnetic permeabilities of components were substituted into the equation, and a control law is proposed to control the brake force by manipulating current using the inverse of a linear function. When electric current of 1 A was supplied into the coil, brake force of 111.4 Newton was obtained. Various values of brake force can easily be realized by controlling electric current based on the derived linear function control law

Influence of magnetic field inhomogeneity on a magneto-optical current sensor

The growth in the capacity of electric power system creates a demand for the protection of relaying systems. Optical current transducers—OCT that are mainly made up of single mode optical fibers which are subjected to Faraday rotation are used as a replacement for electromagnetic transducers due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference. However, the principal parameter in this system, the sensitivity to magnetic fields or current, depends on the Verdet constant, which is low in the case of optical fibers. However, the optical path length can be increased to compensate for it by winding the fiber around a current carrying element a large number of turns. In this work, we study a current sensor, which is made up of a conductor coil with a fiber inside, thus increasing sensitivity. We study the effect of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field induced by the current on the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor