Поняття та ознаки юридичної колізії

Розглядаються основні теоретичні підходи до визначення поняття юридичної колізії. В статті акцентується увага на необхідності розуміння колізії саме як про­тиріччя норм права, а не нормативних актів. Наведено авторське визначення поняття юридичної колізії.Рассматриваются оснорвные теоретические подходы к определению понятия юридической коллизии. В статье акцентируется внимание на необходимости понима­ния коллизии именно как противоречия норм права, а не нормативних актов. Приво­диться авторское определение понятия юридической коллизии.The author analyzed modern theoretical approaches to definition of conflict of laws and analyzed conflict of laws in legislation of Ukraine. The author substantiates the conclusion that conflicts of law is a conflict between legal rules, not between statutes. The author’s defi­nition of conflict of laws is given

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Innovation:A Test of Competing Hypotheses

In this paper, we address the relation between Leader‐Member Exchange (LMX; the quality of the relationship between leader and subordinate), employee creativity (the generation of novel and useful ideas), and employee innovation (the promotion and implementation of these ideas). In the current set of studies, we test the competing hypotheses that LMX will either have a direct effect on employee innovation, or an indirect effect through employee creativity. In a field study of leader–subordinate dyads (N = 118), we found that LMX had no direct effect on employee innovation, and that employee creativity fully mediated the relationship between LMX and innovation. In a follow‐up two‐wave field study of employees (N = 398), we found that the LMX dimension professional respect predicted innovation through creativity, while the other dimensions did not. The results of this work indicate that research on LMX and innovation requires a multidimensional perspective, and that it may be valuable to differentiate between creativity and innovation

The creative paradox of autonomy and structure.

Hoewel creativiteit vaak wordt geassocieerd met autonomie en de afwezigheid van regels of externe restricties, is de werkelijkheid genuanceerder. In dit overzichtsar‐ tikel leg ik uit dat autonomie, hoewel belangrijk, het risico van complexiteit in zich draagt en daarmee zowel de motivatie als de creativiteit negatief kan beïnvloeden. Bovendien laat ik zien dat de gevolgen van autonomie (of een gebrek daaraan) voor motivatie en creativiteit afhangen van individuele verschillen. Externe restricties en structuur kunnen, bij sommige mensen, de motivatie en de creatieve prestaties juist vergroten. Belangrijk daarbij lijkt wel te zijn dat deze structuur informatie verschaft over relevante strategieën; sturing in de richting van specifieke uitkom‐ sten vormt een risico voor de creatieve prestaties

Stimulated by Novelty? The role of Psychological Needs and Perceived Creativity

In the current research we aimed to address the inconsistent finding in the brainstorming literature that cognitive stimulation sometimes results from novel input, yet other times from non-novel input. We expected and found, in three experiments, that the strength and valence of this relationship is moderated by people's psychological needs for structure and autonomy. Specifically, the effect of novel input (vs. non-novel input), through perceived creativity, on cognitive stimulation was stronger for people who were either low in need for structure or high in need for autonomy. Also, when the input people received did not fit their needs, they experienced less psychological cognitive stimulation from this input (i.e., less task enjoyment and feeling more blocked) compared with when they did not receive any input. Hence, to create the ideal circumstances for people to achieve cognitive stimulation when brainstorming, input novelty should be aligned with their psychological needs

To Go or Not to Go for the Sell:Regulatory Focus and Personal Sales Performance

Selling products and services is a central function in organizations. Although explaining sales success has mainly been approached from broad trait perspectives, tactical decision-making potentially explains additional variance in this crucial outcome. We propose and find that promotion focus positively predicts sales agents’ success, while prevention focus negatively predicts sales success. These relations were significant while controlling for five-factor traits. Predictors were measured before participants started on the job; outcome was the total number of sales participants made. As such, results evidence incremental validity of regulatory focus in predicting objective sales performance

Informal Laboratory Practices in Psychology

Method sections in psychology articles differ in the amount of information they provide, or the level of specificity at which they do so. This can make incremental research (e.g., replication efforts) difficult, because potentially relevant methodological decisions or practices may not be reported. As yet, these unwritten practices have not been systematically studied; the current work represents a first attempt in this direction. For this paper, we interviewed 22 experimental psychologists in the Netherlands to find out about these unwritten aspects of experimenting, as well as their opinions and beliefs regarding these practices. Thematic analysis of the transcripts suggests that (a) experimental psychologists indeed employ a variety of methods that they consider relevant yet do not routinely report in method sections, and (b) these unwritten practices seem to fall into two broad categories: ‘professionalism’ and ‘the production of good data’. We discuss implications for psychological research generally, and the replication debate more specifically

Proximal aortic stiffening in Turner patients may be present before dilation can be detected : a segmental functional MRI study

Background: To study segmental structural and functional aortic properties in Turner syndrome (TS) patients. Aortic abnormalities contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of women with Turner syndrome. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows segmental study of aortic elastic properties. Method: We performed Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and distensibility measurements using CMR of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in 55 TS-patients, aged 13-59y, and in a control population (n = 38; 12-58y). We investigated the contribution of TS on aortic stiffness in our entire cohort, in bicuspid (BAV) versus tricuspid (TAV) aortic valve-morphology subgroups, and in the younger and older subgroups. Results: Differences in aortic properties were only seen at the most proximal aortic level. BAV Turner patients had significantly higher PWV, compared to TAV Turner (p = 0.014), who in turn had significantly higher PWV compared to controls (p = 0.010). BAV Turner patients had significantly larger ascending aortic (AA) luminal area and lower AA distensibility compared to both controls (all p < 0.01) and TAV Turner patients. TAV Turner had similar AA luminal areas and AA distensibility compared to Controls. Functional changes are present in younger and older Turner subjects, whereas ascending aortic dilation is prominent in older Turner patients. Clinically relevant dilatation (TAV and BAV) was associated with reduced distensibility. Conclusion: Aortic stiffening and dilation in TS affects the proximal aorta, and is more pronounced, although not exclusively, in BAV TS patients. Functional abnormalities are present at an early age, suggesting an aortic wall disease inherent to the TS. Whether this increased stiffness at young age can predict later dilatation needs to be studied longitudinally

Person-task fit::Emotional consequences of performing divergent versus convergent thinking tasks depend on need for cognitive closure

We investigated how people high (vs. low) in the Need for Cognitive Closure (NFC) experience working on divergent and convergent thinking tasks. Based on the notion of person-task fit, we hypothesized that individuals high in NFC (but not those low in NFC) would feel less competent when solving divergent (vs. convergent) thinking tasks, because, being open-ended, divergent thinking tasks do not offer closure. We also predicted that, consequently, high NFC individuals would experience less positive emotions and more negative emotions when performing a divergent (vs. convergent) thinking task. To test this idea, we measured NFC among participants (N/=/549) from five European countries and asked these participants to complete a divergent (vs. convergent) thinking task and to appraise their own competence and emotions. Participants high in NFC (but not these low in NFC) felt less competent and experienced less positive and more negative emotions when solving a divergent (vs. convergent) thinking task. The association between task type and emotions was mediated by perceived competence but only for participants high in NFC