Biomecànica en el ciclisme: lesions més freqüents de les extremitats inferiors i el seu tractament

Treball Final de Grau de Podologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, curs: 2016-2017, Tutor: Joan Lluch FrunsD’uns anys ençà hi ha hagut un notable increment de la pràctica de ciclisme. Malgrat ser bastant desconegudes, apareixen patologies i la seva presència és proporcional a l’increment del nombre d’individus que el practiquen. Els objectius d’aquesta recerca són descriure les patologies més freqüents de l’extremitat inferior conjuntament amb l’etiologia, analitzar i descriure les estratègies de prevenció i tractament. Els resultats s’obtenen a partir de 31 articles extrets de les bases de dades PubMed i Google Scholar. Es descriuen 8 patologies de genoll, 3 de maluc i 5 de peu on la patologia més referenciada en la literatura és el síndrome femoropatelar, seguida de tendinopatia aquília i síndrome de la banda iliotibial (SBI). Els paràmetres mòbils de la bicicleta són: selló, cales, manillar, potència, manovelles i segons la literatura, els més lesius són el selló i les cales. Per configurar correctament la bicicleta cal dur a terme una bona exploració biomecànica mentre el ciclista està en acció i també en decúbit supí, per conèixer l’anatomia ja que cada modificació serà en base a la seva morfologia. Es poden descriure tres estratègies terapèutiques: ajustament de la bicicleta, compensacions podals i tractament físic, tots ells amb la finalitat de prevenir i/o tractar lesions. Malgrat la discrepància de molts autors en la metodologia de configuració dels paràmetres de la bicicleta, tots van encaminats a aconseguir l’alineació patel·lar en el pla frontal, flexió de genoll de 25-30º en el pla sagital i un pedaleig harmònic i còmode

Antiga Nau D de la Fàbrica Tèxtil La Escocesa: exposició Pere IV, Poble Nou, Barcelona

Peer Reviewe

Study of inner ear and lateral line hair cell regeneration

Curs 2012-2013Death of sensory hair cells in the inner ear results in two global health problems that millions of people around the world suffer: hearing loss and balance disorders. Hair cells convert sound vibrations and head movements into electrical signals that are conveyed to the brain, and as a result of aging, exposure to noise, modern drugs or genetic predisposition, hair cells die. In mammals, the great majority of hair cells are produced during embryogenesis, and hair cells that are lost after birth are not replaceable. However, in the last decades, researches have shown some model organisms that retain the ability to regenerate hair cells damaged after embryogenesis, such as Zebrafish and chicken, providing clues as to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may block hair cell regeneration in mammals. This discovery initiated a search for methods to stimulate regeneration or replacement of hair cells in mammals, a search that, if fruitful, will revolutionize the treatment of hearing loss and balance disorders. One aim of my project is to study the role of retinoic acid in adult Zebrafish and in mice, which is a metabolite of vitamin A known as an essential molecule to activate hair cell regeneration after cells damaged in Zebrafish embryo. We want to study important genes involved in retinoic acid pathway, such as Aldh1a3 and RARs genes, to check what their role is in the inner ear of adult Zebrafish and compare result obtained in the inner ear of mice. On the other hand, Zebrafish lateral line contains neuromast, which are formed by the same structure than the inner ear: hair cells surrounded by supporting cells and neurons. The lateral line is a structure below the skin's surface that makes easier to damage hair cells to study their regeneration. For that reason, another aim of my project is to study how Sox2 and Atoh1, essential genes during the inner ear development, change their expression during hair cell regeneration in the lateral line. In my project, the most important concepts related to Zebrafish world are explained in order to understand why we have studied this animal and these essential genes. Then, techniques that we used are explained, with their protocol attached in the annexes. Finally, results of my project are shown, but many of them were not expected and they would be needed to follow studying

Tax reforms and inequality: theoretical and empirical implications

In this paper we examine the effect of tax policy on the relationship between inequality and growth in a two-sector non-scale model. With non-scale models, the longrun equilibrium growth rate is determined by technological parameters and it is independent of macroeconomic policy instruments. However, this fact does not imply that fiscal policy is unimportant for long-run economic performance. It indeed has important effects on the different levels of key economic variables such as per capita stock of capital and output. Hence, although the economy grows at the same rate across steady states, the bases for economic growth may be different. The model has three essential features. First, we explicitly model skill accumulation, second, we introduce government finance into the production function, and we introduce an income tax to mirror the fiscal events of the 1980s and 1990s in the US. The fact that the non-scale model is associated with higher order dynamics enables it to replicate the distinctly non-linear nature of inequality in the US with relative ease. The results derived in this paper attract attention to the fact that the non-scale growth model does not only fit the US data well for the long-run (Jones, 1995b) but also that it possesses unique abilities in explaining short term fluctuations of the economy. It is shown that during transition the response of the relative simulated wage to changes in the tax code is rather non-monotonic, quite in accordance to the US inequality pattern in the 1980s and early 1990s. More specifically, we have analyzed in detail the dynamics following the simulation of an isolated tax decrease and an isolated tax increase. So, after a tax decrease the skill premium follows a lower trajectory than the one it would follow without a tax decrease. Hence we are able to reduce inequality for several periods after the fiscal shock. On the contrary, following a tax increase, the evolution of the skill premium remains above the trajectory carried on by the skill premium under a situation with no tax increase. Consequently, a tax increase would imply a higher level of inequality in the economy.tax reform, inequality, human capital

Effects of differential taxation on factor accumulation and growth

In this paper we try to analyze the role of fiscal policy in fostering a higher participation of the different production factors in the human capital production sector in the long-run. Introducing a tax on physical capital and differentiating both a tax on raw labor wage and a tax on skills or human capital we also attempt to present a way to influence inequality as measured by the skill premium, thus trying to relate the increase in human capital with the decrease in income inequality. We will do that in the context of a non-scale growth model. The model here is capable to alter the shares of private factors devoted to each of the two production sectors, final output and human capital, and affect inequality in a different way according to the different tax changes. The simulation results derived in the paper show how a human capital (skills) tax cut, which could be interpreted as a reduction in progressivity, ends up increasing both the shares of labor and physical capital devoted to the production of knowledge and decreasing inequality. Moreover, a raw labor wage tax decrease, which could also be interpreted as an increase in the progressivity of the system, increases the share of labor devoted to the production of final output and increases inequality. Finally, a physical capital tax decrease reduces the share of physical capital devoted to the production of knowledge and allows for a lower inequality value. Nevertheless, none of the various types of taxes ends up changing the share of human capital in the knowledge production, which will deserve our future attention.tax reform, inequality, human capital

Stretchability study of conductive inks printed by Laser-induced forward transfer

Treballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2022, Tutor: Juan Marcos Fernández PradasLaser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a direct writing technique. As a nozzle-free method, it presents fewer constraints compared with other popular methods like inkjet printing. In this project, we analyze both morphological and electrical properties of the deposited material for three different inks, achieving a sheet resistance of 16 mΩ/□. Electrical properties under flexion are studied by applying deformation in a cantilever. Maximum relative deformations of 0.55% are possible before inducing irreversible damage in the electrical properties of the printed resistance

El gobierno de Borja en la Compañía de Jesús

Català: Síntesi de les grans línies d’actuació del generalat de Francesc de Borja, caracteritzat per la fidelitat als principis ignasians i influït per la seva experiència prèvia com a governant. Paraules clau: Francesc de Borja; Ignasi de Loiola; Jesuïtes. Castellano: Síntesis de las principales líneas de actuación del generalato de Francisco de Borja, caracterizado por su fidelidad a los principios ignacianos e influido por su experiencia previa como gobernante. Palabras clave: Francisco de Borja; Ignacio de Loyola; Jesuitas