1-Diazo­naphthalen-2(1H)-one

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C10H6N2O, is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.030 (1) Å]. The CN2 moiety is almost linear, with a C—N—N angle of 175.50 (14)°. A single inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed in the crystal structure. A π–π inter­action is also observed with the shortest distance being 3.6832 (12) Å between the the centroids of the six-membered rings

Effects of Augmented Reality Experience on Risk Perception

In this study, we focused on AR (Augmented Reality) as a useful tool for people who have never suffered from disaster to think of disasters that may occur in the future. We first created an emergency risk recognition process model to investigate the effect on risk recognition. And we set the rubric based on that model. Next, we designed a questionnaire based on that rubric. We investigated at the “Sona Area”, a disaster prevention learning in the Tokyo Rinkai Disaster Prevention Park. And we targeted the AR included in the experiential learning tour called “72h TOUR directly under Tokyo”. As a result, it became clear that the AR experience raised people’s awareness of disaster prevention. They also felt that they needed more disaster prevention measures in the future. In addition, the AR experience has raised awareness that disasters can occur around them. However, changes in cognition and behavior are different, so we need to consider them.本調査は、広島大学大学院総合科学研究科の文理融合リサーチマネージャープログラムの学生独自プロジェクトの助成を受けたものである

Development of a Learning Model Effective for the Neck Spring Vault Exercise for Elementary School Children

本研究は，「首はね跳び」につなげるための学習モデルの開発を目的としている。本年度は，台上で行う「首はね跳び」の前段階として，頭越しの回転を含む腰の沈み込みのあるはね動作を獲得するための下位教材として，「前転ブリッジ」に焦点を当てて研究を行った。 本研究により，「首はね跳び」に必要な腰の沈み込みのあるはね動作を獲得するためには，アンテナブリッジで腰の沈み込みのあるはね動作を獲得した後に，前転ブリッジにおいて頭越しの回転を含む腰の沈み込みのあるはね動作を獲得する学習モデルが有効であることが分かった。また，前転ブリッジにおいて腰の沈み込みのあるはね動作を獲得するためには，前転のスピードコントロールを意識させる学習が必要になることが明らかとなった。This research aimed to develop a learning model effective for the neck spring. In the current academic year, we researched the preliminary step in the neck spring on the vault and focused on the forward roll bridge as the lower-level teaching material to allow children to acquire the ability to perform a spring motion with hip subduction, including a forward roll. In this research, we found a learning model that is effective for children to acquire the spring motion with hip subduction. This spring motion is necessary for neck spring vault exercise. Our model allows children to acquire this spring motion, which includes a forward roll bridge, after acquiring a similar spring motion with hip subduction and an antenna bridge. We also clarified that this learning model allows children to be conscious of controlling the speed of their forward roll. This is necessary for performing the spring motion with hip subduction in the forward roll bridge

Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students –a cross sectional study–

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that irregular lifestyle of young Japanese female students are significantly related to their desire to be thinner. In the present study, we examined the nutritional knowledge and food habits of Chinese university students and compared them with those of other Asian populations. METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 540 students, ranging in age from 19-24 years. Medical students from Beijing University (135 men and 150 women) in Northern China and Kunming Medical College in southern China (95 men and 160 women) participated in this study. The parametric variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test. Chi-square analyses were conducted for non-parametric variables RESULTS: Our results showed that 80.5% of students had a normal BMI and 16.6 % of students were underweight with the prevalence of BMI>30 obesity being very low in this study sample. Young Chinese female students had a greater desire to be thinner (62.0%) than males (47.4%). Habits involving regular eating patterns and vegetable intake were reported and represent practices that ought to be encouraged. CONCLUSIONS: The university and college arenas represent the final opportunity for the health and nutritional education of a large number of students from the educator's perspective. Our findings suggest the need for strategies designed to improve competence in the area of nutrition

Prognostic factors and effect modifiers for personalisation of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy among university students with subthreshold depression: A secondary analysis of a factorial trial

BACKGROUND: Internet-cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for depression can include multiple components. This study explored depressive symptom improvement prognostic factors (PFs) and effect modifiers (EMs) for five common iCBT components including behavioural activation, cognitive restructuring, problem solving, self-monitoring, and assertion training. METHODS: We used data from a factorial trial of iCBT for subthreshold depression among Japanese university students (N = 1093). The primary outcome was the change in PHQ-9 scores at 8 weeks from baseline. Interactions between each component and various baseline characteristics were estimated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. We calculated multiplicity-adjusted p-values at 5 % false discovery rate using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. RESULTS: After multiplicity adjustment, the baseline PHQ-9 total score emerged as a PF and exercise habits as an EM for self-monitoring (adjusted p-values <0.05). The higher the PHQ-9 total score at baseline (range: 5-14), the greater the decrease after 8 weeks. For each 5-point increase at baseline, the change from baseline to 8 weeks was bigger by 2.8 points. The more frequent the exercise habits (range: 0-2 points), the less effective the self-monitoring component. The difference in PHQ-9 change scores between presence or absence of self-monitoring was smaller by 0.94 points when the participant exercised one level more frequently. Additionally, the study suggested seven out of 36 PFs and 14 out of 160 EMs examined were candidates for future research. LIMITATIONS: Generalizability is limited to university students with subthreshold depression. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide some helpful information for the future development of individualized iCBT algorithms for depression

Components of smartphone cognitive-behavioural therapy for subthreshold depression among 1093 university students: a factorial trial

BACKGROUND: Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT) is effective for subthreshold depression. However, which skills provided in iCBT packages are more effective than others is unclear. Such knowledge can inform construction of more effective and efficient iCBT programmes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of five components of iCBT for subthreshold depression. METHODS: We conducted an factorial trial using a smartphone app, randomly allocating presence or absence of five iCBT skills including self-monitoring, behavioural activation (BA), cognitive restructuring (CR), assertiveness training (AT) and problem-solving. Participants were university students with subthreshold depression. The primary outcome was the change on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes included changes in CBT skills. FINDINGS: We randomised a total of 1093 participants. In all groups, participants had a significant PHQ-9 reduction from baseline to week 8. Depression reduction was not significantly different between presence or absence of any component, with corresponding standardised mean differences (negative values indicate specific efficacy in favour of the component) ranging between -0.04 (95% CI -0.16 to 0.08) for BA and 0.06 (95% CI -0.06 to 0.18) for AT. Specific CBT skill improvements were noted for CR and AT but not for the others. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant reduction in depression for all participants regardless of the presence and absence of the examined iCBT components. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: We cannot yet make evidence-based recommendations for specific iCBT components. We suggest that future iCBT optimisation research should scrutinise the amount and structure of components to examine. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMINCTR-000031307

成人看護学実習において自己効力感を高める実習指導の検討 : 実習状況別の臨地実習自己効力感の違いおよびECTBを用いた実習指導評価との関連

成人看護学実習における実習状況別の臨地実習自己効力感の違いおよび、学生による実習指導評価との関連を明らかにすることを目的とし、効果的な実習指導方法への示唆を得る。成人看護学実習を履修した看護学生３年生91名を対象とし、臨地実習自己効力感および日本語版ECTBを用いた実習指導評価の自記式質問紙調査を実施した。その結果、成人看護学実習経験回数別における臨地実習自己効力感は、「対象の理解・援助効力感」の［患者の症状や状態を観察し、症状の変化に気づくこと］のみ、成人看護学実習２回目のほうが有意に高く、その他、成人看護学実習内容や受け持ち患者数などによる有意差はみられなかった。臨地実習自己効力感と実習指導評価の相関では、臨地実習自己効力感の「対象理解・援助効力感」と「指導者との関係性維持・学習姿勢効力感」が、ECTBのすべての構成要素に正の有意な相関を示した。また、臨地実習自己効力感の「友人との関係性維持効力感はECTBの「実践的な指導」「学習意欲への刺激」に正の有意な相関を示した。本研究により、実習指導者による実践的・理論的な指導、かつ学習意欲への刺激や学生への理解がなされるような指導は、学生の対象理解や看護援助への自信となり、指導者との関係性の構築や学習へ向かう姿勢を高め、自己効力感が向上することが示唆された