Did She Mention My Name?: Citation of Academic Authority by the Supreme Court of Canada, 1985-1990

Readers of court judgments will have observed that in the course of expressing reasons for the decisions they reach, judges commonly refer to books and articles written by academics. This is not surprising. Many scholarly publications contain information, arguments and opinions pertinent to the choices that judges must make, and lawyers commonly refer to such works in the written and oral arguments they present to courts. We would therefore expect the judges who must assess and respond to such arguments to make mention of that scholarly material. Moreover a certain portion of academic writing-in particular, a preponderance of law review articles-is written as more or less direct exhortation tojudges about how to decide cases expected to come before them.1 Possibly this is no more than a rhetorical stance, for it may be that law professors are really writing to other law professors (or to no one), and that the practice of pretending to talk to appellate courts is simply a stylistic device which they ritualistically, perhaps unthinkingly, adopt. But presumably some portion of the writing that legal scholars ostensibly direct at judges is actually intended to be read by them and to influence the decisions they make. In any event, given the amount of writing couched as advice to judges, the amount of writing on legal matters generally, and lawyers\u27 practice of citing such material in argument, it comes as no shock to see that judges make reference to academic publications in their judgments

A Multi-perspective Analysis of Carrier-Grade NAT Deployment

As ISPs face IPv4 address scarcity they increasingly turn to network address translation (NAT) to accommodate the address needs of their customers. Recently, ISPs have moved beyond employing NATs only directly at individual customers and instead begun deploying Carrier-Grade NATs (CGNs) to apply address translation to many independent and disparate endpoints spanning physical locations, a phenomenon that so far has received little in the way of empirical assessment. In this work we present a broad and systematic study of the deployment and behavior of these middleboxes. We develop a methodology to detect the existence of hosts behind CGNs by extracting non-routable IP addresses from peer lists we obtain by crawling the BitTorrent DHT. We complement this approach with improvements to our Netalyzr troubleshooting service, enabling us to determine a range of indicators of CGN presence as well as detailed insights into key properties of CGNs. Combining the two data sources we illustrate the scope of CGN deployment on today's Internet, and report on characteristics of commonly deployed CGNs and their effect on end users

Annellated 1,3,4,2-Triazaphospholenes-Simple Modular Synthesis and a First Exploration of Ligand Properties

The successful use of 1,3,4,2-triazaphospholenes (TAPs) as organo-catalysts stresses the need for efficient synthetic routes to these molecules. In this study, we establish the [1 + 4]-cycloaddition of PBr3 to azo-pyridines as a new approach to preparing pyrido-annellated TAPs in a single step from easily available precursors. The modular assembly of the azo-component via condensation of primary amines and nitroso compounds along with the feasibility of post-functionalization at the P-Br bond under conservation of the heterocyclic structure allows, in principle, to address a wide range of target molecules, which is illustrated by prototypical examples. The successful synthesis of a transition metal complex confirms for the first time the ability of a TAP to act as a P-donor ligand. Crystallographic studies suggest that hyperconjugation effects and intermolecular interactions induce a qualitatively similar ionic polarization of the P-Br bonds in TAPs as in better known isoelectronic diazaphospholenes.Peer reviewe

Annellated 1,3,4,2-Triazaphospholenes-Simple Modular Synthesis and a First Exploration of Ligand Properties

The successful use of 1,3,4,2-triazaphospholenes (TAPs) as organo-catalysts stresses the need for efficient synthetic routes to these molecules. In this study, we establish the [1 + 4]-cycloaddition of PBr3 to azo-pyridines as a new approach to preparing pyrido-annellated TAPs in a single step from easily available precursors. The modular assembly of the azo-component via condensation of primary amines and nitroso compounds along with the feasibility of post-functionalization at the P–Br bond under conservation of the heterocyclic structure allows, in principle, to address a wide range of target molecules, which is illustrated by prototypical examples. The successful synthesis of a transition metal complex confirms for the first time the ability of a TAP to act as a P-donor ligand. Crystallographic studies suggest that hyperconjugation effects and intermolecular interactions induce a qualitatively similar ionic polarization of the P–Br bonds in TAPs as in better known isoelectronic diazaphospholenes

Annellated 1,3,4,2-Triazaphospholenes-Simple Modular Synthesis and a First Exploration of Ligand Properties

The successful use of 1,3,4,2-triazaphospholenes (TAPs) as organo-catalysts stresses the need for efficient synthetic routes to these molecules. In this study, we establish the [1 + 4]-cycloaddition of PBr3 to azo-pyridines as a new approach to preparing pyrido-annellated TAPs in a single step from easily available precursors. The modular assembly of the azo-component via condensation of primary amines and nitroso compounds along with the feasibility of post-functionalization at the P–Br bond under conservation of the heterocyclic structure allows, in principle, to address a wide range of target molecules, which is illustrated by prototypical examples. The successful synthesis of a transition metal complex confirms for the first time the ability of a TAP to act as a P-donor ligand. Crystallographic studies suggest that hyperconjugation effects and intermolecular interactions induce a qualitatively similar ionic polarization of the P–Br bonds in TAPs as in better known isoelectronic diazaphospholenes

Intradepartmental System of Allocating Operating Room Block Time and its Financial Impact at The University of New Mexico Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation: A Preliminary Report

Background: Within a hospital, the operating room (OR) is one of the most critical and expensive resources. Labor productivity is maximized by filling allocated surgical block time with as many hours of cases as possible. We have found that the intradepartmental block time release system at our institution has improved access to operating time, resulting in a substantial financial advantage within the department. Methods: The annual charges and collections produced by the pick-up of intradepartmental released block time during the past 4 fiscal years (July 1-June 30) was assessed at both the main hospital and an outpatient surgical center. Results: There is a general, year-over-year trend of increasing charges and collections from the intradepartmental release of OR time. The average gross collection rate for OR pick-up time is 30%, which matches the average collection rate of about 30% for our department. At the main inpatient hospital, the orthopaedic spine service typically comprises the mostreleased OR block time. In the outpatient setting, typically the orthopaedic hand service captures the most released OR block time. Conclusions: The early release of allocated block time on an internal level may help schedule patients in an easier manner, with decreased patient wait times than other methods, and maintain the overall revenue within the department. Further studies that quantify surgeon satisfaction would help strengthen the use and validation of this system

Ursinus College Bulletin, Summer 1983

Vision of alumni advocates • Keeping the core healthy • Modernized • Methodized • Multiplied • Ruth Rothenberger Harris retires • Professor\u27s book is published • Library collection grows • Sports line-up • Ursinus Board approves $11 million budget, elects two directors • Election results announced • Network news • New look to the Loyalty Fund • Richter elected • Seven promoted • Small named Assistant Dean • Recruiters sought • Evening agenda • A Beta idea • Sophomore wins Scots scholarship • Celebrating a scholar • Note worthy • Alumni award nominations • Agency director addresses graduates • Commencement • Dues abolished on Alumni Day • News notes • Marriages • Births • Deaths • Evening Schoolhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/new_bulletin/1035/thumbnail.jp

Markov Chain Hallway and Poisson Forest Environment Generating Distributions

We document two environment-generating distributions used for sampling random 2D maps. The first generates random hallway environments based on a Markov chain and the second generates random forest environments based on the Poisson distribution