Streaking temporal double slit interference by an orthogonal two-color laser field

We investigate electron momentum distributions from single ionization of Ar by two orthogonally polarized laser pulses of different color. The two-color scheme is used to experimentally control the interference between electron wave packets released at different times within one laser cycle. This intracycle interference pattern is typically hard to resolve in an experiment. With the two-color control scheme these features become the dominant contribution to the electron momentum distribution. Furthermore the second color can be used for streaking of the otherwise interfering wave packets establishing a which-way marker. Our investigation shows that the visibility of the interference fringes depends on the degree of the which-way information determined by the controllable phase between the two pulses.Comment: submitted to PR

Cranberry Expressions in English and in German

The authors describe two data sets submitted to the database of MWE evaluation resources: (1) cranberry expressions in English and (2) cranberry expressions in German. The first package contains a collection of 444 cranberry words in German (CWde.txt) and a collection of the corresponding cranberry expressions (CCde.txt). The second package consists of a collection of 77 cranberry words in English (CWen.txt) and a collection of the corresponding cranberry expressions (CCen.txt). The data included in these packages was extracted from the Collection of Distributionally Idiosyncratic Items (CoDII), an electronic linguistic resource of lexical items with idiosyncratic occurrence patterns. Each package contains a readme file, and can be downloaded from multiword.wiki.sourceforge.net/Resources

Cyclic-di-GMP signalling and biofilm-related properties of the Shiga toxin- producing 2011 German outbreak Escherichia coli O104:H4

In 2011, nearly 4,000 people in Germany were infected by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 with > 22% of patients developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Genome sequencing showed the outbreak strain to be related to enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), suggesting its high virulence results from EAEC-typical strong adherence and biofilm formation combined to Stx production. Here, we report that the outbreak strain contains a novel diguanylate cyclase (DgcX)—producing the biofilm-promoting second messenger c-di-GMP—that shows higher expression than any other known E. coli diguanylate cyclase. Unlike closely related E. coli, the outbreak strain expresses the c-di-GMP-controlled biofilm regulator CsgD and amyloid curli fibres at 37°C, but is cellulose-negative. Moreover, it constantly generates derivatives with further increased and deregulated production of CsgD and curli. Since curli fibres are strongly proinflammatory, with cellulose counteracting this effect, high c-di-GMP and curli production by the outbreak O104:H4 strain may enhance not only adherence but may also contribute to inflammation, thereby facilitating entry of Stx into the bloodstream and to the kidneys where Stx causes HUS

Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activities of Benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives and Their Palladium (II) and Platinum (II) Complexes against Various Human Tumor Cell Lines

The palladium (II) bis-chelate Pd (L1−3)2 and platinum (II) tetranuclear Pt4(L4)4 complexes of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis and IR, FAB(+)-mass and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy. The complex Pd(L2)2 [HL2 = m-CN-benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone] shows a square-planar geometry with two deprotonated ligands (L) coordinated to PdII through the nitrogen and sulphur atoms in a transarrangement, while the complex Pt4(L4)4 [HL4 = 4-phenyl-1-benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone] has a tetranuclear geometry with four tridentate ligands coordinated to four PtII ions through the carbon (aromatic ring), nitrogen, and sulphur atoms where the ligands are deprotonated at the NH group. The in vitro antitumor activity of the ligands and their complexes was determined against different human tumor cell lines, which revealed that the palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes are more cytotoxic than their ligands with IC50 values at the range of 0.07–3.67 μM. The tetranuclear complex Pt4(L4)4, with the phenyl group in the terminal amine of the ligand, showed higher antiproliferative activity (CI50 = 0.07–0.12 μM) than the other tested palladium (II) complexes

Anwendung des Müncheberger Soil Quality Ratings(SQR) auf bodenkundliche Grundlagenkarten

Mit dem Müncheberger "Soil Quality Rating" liegt ein Verfahren zur Bewertung der Eignung und Gefährdung von Böden für die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung und zur Abschätzung des ackerbaulichen Ertragpotentials im globalen Maßstab vor. Die Algorithmen der Methode wurden für eine An-wendung auf die Bodenübersichtskarte von Deutschland i. M. 1:1.000.000 (BÜK 1000) parametrisiert und zur Darstellung des Ertragspotentials der ackerbaulich genutzten Böden in Deutschland genutzt. Dabei wurden alle 8 vorgesehenen Basisindikatoren und 4 ausgewählte Gefährdungsindikatoren berücksichtigt. Zur Ermittlung der Trockenheitsgefährdung wird vorgeschlagen, die effektive Wasserbilanz in der Vegetationsperiode als Kriterium zu verwenden. Entscheidende begrenzende Faktoren des Ertragspotentials für Getreide sind im bundesweiten Maßstab vor allem die Trockenheitsgefährdung, örtlich aber auch allein die Flachgründigkeit der Böden

Synthesis, Characterization And Antitumor Activity Of Copper(II) Complexes, [CuL2] [HL1-3=N,N-Diethyl-N'-(R-Benzoyl)Thiourea (R=H, o-Cl and p-NO2)]

The copper (II) complexes (CuL2) were prepared by reaction of Cu(CH3COO)2 with the corresponding derivatives of acylthioureas in a Cu:HL molar ratio of 1:2. Acylthiourea ligands, N,N-diethyl-N'-(R-benzoyl) thiourea (HL1-3) [R=H, o-Cl and p-NO2] were synthesized in high yield (78-83%) and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The complexes CuL2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, FAB(+)-MS, magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR and cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structure of the complex Cu(L2)2 shows a nearly square-planar geometry with two deprotonated ligands (L) coordinated to CuII through the oxygen and sulfur atoms in a cis arrangement. The antitumor activity of the copper(II) complexes with acylthiourea ligands was evaluated in vitro against the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3 cell line. These complexes exhibited much higher cytotoxic activity (IC50 values in the range of 3.9-6.9 μM) than their corresponding ligands (40-240 μM), which indicates that the coordination of the chelate ligands around the CuII enhances the antitumor activity and, furthermore, this result confirmed that the participation of the nitro and chloro substituent groups in the complex activities is slightly relevant. The high accumulation of the complexes Cu(L2)2 and Cu(L3)2 in TA3 tumor cells and the much faster binding to cellular DNA than Cu(L1)2 are consistent with the in vitro cytotoxic activities found for these copper complexes

The magnetic fabrics of experimentally deformed artificial clay-water dispersions

The development of magnetic fabrics in artificial clay-water dispersions and natural, hematite-bearing mudstones is investigated in plane-strain pure shear laboratory experiments under strain rates of 1.6 x 10-5 and 2 x 10-4 s-1. The mixtures contain 0,15, 30 and 45% chlorite in an illite matrix, and 0, 1, 3, 6 and 8% magnetite in a kaolin matrix. Shortening up to 40% is imposed. The resulting fabrics show the following characteristics: (1) In the clay mixtures, the principal susceptibility axes (kmax >= kint >= kmin) rotate away from the well defined initial fabric orientations into the princip strain directions (e1 >= e2 >= e3) at strains > 30%. (2) Both mineralogical composition and initial magnetic fabric, but not the applied strain, influence the magnitudes of the principal susceptibility axes. (3) The illite-chlorite mixture series show an almost linear correlation between mineral concentration and susceptibility magnitudes. (4) Magnetite dominates the fabric of the magnetite-kaolin mixtures; the fabric is independent of the magnetite concentration.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28975/1/0000002.pd

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes against various human tumor cell lines

The palladium (II) bis-chelate Pd (L 1 - 3) 2 and platinum (II) tetranuclear Pt 4 (L 4) 4 complexes of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized, and characterized by elemental analysis and IR, FAB (+) -mass and NMR (1 H, 13 C) spectroscopy. The complex Pd (L 2) 2 [H L 2 = m -CN-benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone] shows a square-planar geometry with two deprotonated ligands (L) coordinated to Pd II through the nitrogen and sulphur atoms in a transarrangement, while the complex Pt 4 (L 4) 4 [H L 4 = 4 -phenyl-1-benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone] has a tetranuclear geometry with four tridentate ligands coordinated to four Pt II ions through the carbon (aromatic ring), nitrogen, and sulphur atoms where the ligands are deprotonated at the NH group. The in vitro antitumor activity of the ligands and their complexes was determined against different human tumor cell lines, which revealed that the palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes are more cytotoxic than their ligands with IC 50 values at the range of 0.07-3.67 µM. The tetranuclear complex Pt 4 (L 4) 4, with the phenyl group in the terminal amine of the ligand, showed higher antiproliferative activity (CI 50 = 0.07-0.12 µM) than the other tested palladium (II) complexes

Composites en matières premières renouvelables et leurs procédés

National audienceThe development of new bio-based composites and efficient manufacturing methods that are suitable for series processing is the purpose of the current sub-project C4 of the Excellence Cluster MERGE, sponsored by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Two different types of materials are combined: bio-based thermoplastic biopolymers such as bio-polyethylene (BioPE) or bio-polyamides (BioPA) and renewable reinforcing materials such as thin wood veneer or unidirectional flax fibers. To achieve a high-efficiency in terms of mass-production, reproducibility and flexibility, it is required to overlap several steps in the realization of semi-finished and final products. The improvement of the adhesion at the interface of the components, the implementation of continuous processes in order to increase energetically the yielding and the final design, through several methods, for the future potential applications are so many perspectives to achieve. MOTS-CLÉS : polymère bio-basé thermoplastique; renforcement naturel (Lin ou placage en bois) ; Amélioration de l'adhésion à l'interface matrice/renforcement ; Procédés plastic/textile continu ; Application dans l'automobile et équipement sportifsLe développement de matériaux bio-basés et de méthodes efficaces de mise en forme, adaptable à la production en série, est le but de l'actuel sous-projet C4 du programme d'excellence MERGE financé par la DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). Ainsi, deux types de matériaux sont combinés : Des polymères bio-ressourcés thermoplastiques tels que bio-polyéthylène (BioPE) ou bio-polyamide (BioPA) et des matériaux de renforcements renouvelables tels que le placage en bois ou des fibres de lin unidirectionnelles continues. Pour atteindre un haut rendement en termes de production en masse, de reproductibilité et de flexibilité, il est requis de suivre plusieurs étapes dans la réalisation de produits semi-finis et finis. L'amélioration de l'adhésion à l'interface des composantes, la mise en place de procédés continus afin d'augmenter leur rendement, et la mise en forme finale, par diverses méthodes, pour des futures potentiels applications sont autant d'objectifs à atteindre