3,391 research outputs found
Should health professionals screen women for domestic violence? : systematic review
Objective To assess the evidence for the acceptability
and effectiveness of screening women for domestic
violence in healthcare settings.
Design Systematic review of published quantitative
studies.
Search strategy Three electronic databases (Medline,
Embase, and CINAHL) were searched for articles
published in the English language up to February
2001.
Included studies Surveys that elicited the attitudes of
women and health professionals on the screening of
women in health settings; comparative studies
conducted in healthcare settings that measured rates
of identification of domestic violence in the presence
and absence of screening; studies measuring
outcomes of interventions for women identified in
health settings who experience abuse from a male
partner or expartner compared with abused women
not receiving an intervention.
Results 20 papers met the inclusion criteria. In four
surveys, 4385% of women respondents found
screening in healthcare settings acceptable. Two
surveys of health professionals' views found that two
thirds of physicians and almost half of emergency
department nurses were not in favour of screening. In
nine studies of screening compared with no
screening, most detected a greater proportion of
abused women identified by healthcare professionals.
Six studies of interventions used weak study designs
and gave inconsistent results. Other than increased
referral to outside agencies, little evidence exists for
changes in important outcomes such as decreased
exposure to violence. No studies measured quality of
life, mental health outcomes, or potential harm to
women from screening programmes.
Conclusion Although domestic violence is a common
problem with major health consequences for women,
implementation of screening programmes in
healthcare settings cannot be justified. Evidence of the
benefit of specific interventions and lack of harm from
screening is needed
Continuous Improvement Using Balanced Scorecard In Healthcare
The success of any organization depends on its ability to maintain profits while the landscape of its operations changes. Organizations must be able to use available resources to identify changes in their daily operations and have the ability to address them in a timely manner. Operational dashboards provide a tool for managers to easily monitor employee performance and to coach their staff in order to achieve improvements. These stoplight type metric displays provide visual representations in near real-time. Consequently, the use of dashboards is particularly crucial to healthcare because it prompts management to respond to the changing needs of HCO departments, which ultimately affect its quality of care and impact its overall performance measurements. To meet these challenges, it is recommended that the administration of a large acute care HCO develop a dashboard in order for it to monitor the results and evaluate the progress of its busy nursing department which is responsible for handling Inpatient and Outpatient service care
Agricultural Technology Assessment for Smallholder Farms in Developing Countries: An Analysis using a Farm Simulation Model (FARMSIM)
The rural population in developing countries depends on agriculture. However, in many of these countries, agricultural productivity remains low with episodes of famines in drought-prone areas. One of the options to increase agricultural productivity is through adoption and use of improved agricultural technologies and management systems. Being a relatively high risk business due to factors related to production, marketing and finance, agriculture requires to devise risk mitigating strategies. Several models used to evaluate the adoption of agricultural technologies focus mainly on assessing the ex-post impact of technology without necessarily quantifying the profit and risk associated with the adoption of technologies. This paper introduces a farm simulation model (FARMSIM) that attempts to evaluate the potential economic and nutritional impacts of new agricultural technologies before they are adopted (ex-ante). FARMSIM is a Monte Carlo simulation model that simultaneously evaluates a baseline and an alternative farming technology. In this study, the model is used to analyze the impact of adoption of small scale irrigation technologies and fertilizers on the farm income and nutrition of smallholder farmers in Robit kebele, Amhara region of Ethiopia. The farming technologies under study comprise water lifting technologies (pulley and tank, rope and washer pump, gasoline/diesel motor pump and a solar pump) and use of fertilizers. The key output variables (KOVs) are the probability of positive annual net cash income and ending cash reserves, probability of positive net present value and a benefit cost ratio greater than one. For nutrition, the KOVs relate to the probability of consumption exceeding average daily minimum requirements of an adult for calories, protein, fat, calcium, iron, and vitamin A. The application of recommended fertilizers on grain and vegetable crops, alongside the use of irrigation to grow vegetables and fodder using a motor pump had the highest net present value compared to other scenarios. Similar results were observed for the net cash farm income and the ending cash reserves. However, the most feasible and profitable scenario is the one under the pulley system which had the highest benefit cost ratio. Solar pump system had the lowest benefit cost ratio due most likely to high initial investment cost. As for the nutrition, the simulation results show an increase in quantities available to the farm family of all nutrition variables under all alternative scenarios. However, the daily minimum requirements per adult equivalent were met only for calories, proteins, iron and vitamin A but deficiencies were observed for fat and calcium
Agricultural Technology Assessment for Smallholder Farms in Developing Countries: An Analysis using a Farm Simulation Model (FARMSIM)
The rural population in developing countries depends on agriculture. However, in many of these countries, agricultural productivity remains low with episodes of famines in drought-prone areas. One of the options to increase agricultural productivity is through adoption and use of improved agricultural technologies and management systems. Being a relatively high risk business due to factors related to production, marketing and finance, agriculture requires to devise risk mitigating strategies. Several models used to evaluate the adoption of agricultural technologies focus mainly on assessing the ex-post impact of technology without necessarily quantifying the profit and risk associated with the adoption of technologies. This paper introduces a farm simulation model (FARMSIM) that attempts to evaluate the potential economic and nutritional impacts of new agricultural technologies before they are adopted (ex-ante). FARMSIM is a Monte Carlo simulation model that simultaneously evaluates a baseline and an alternative farming technology. In this study, the model is used to analyze the impact of adoption of small scale irrigation technologies and fertilizers on the farm income and nutrition of smallholder farmers in Robit kebele, Amhara region of Ethiopia. The farming technologies under study comprise water lifting technologies (pulley and tank, rope and washer pump, gasoline/diesel motor pump and a solar pump) and use of fertilizers. The key output variables (KOVs) are the probability of positive annual net cash income and ending cash reserves, probability of positive net present value and a benefit cost ratio greater than one. For nutrition, the KOVs relate to the probability of consumption exceeding average daily minimum requirements of an adult for calories, protein, fat, calcium, iron, and vitamin A. The application of recommended fertilizers on grain and vegetable crops, alongside the use of irrigation to grow vegetables and fodder using a motor pump had the highest net present value compared to other scenarios. Similar results were observed for the net cash farm income and the ending cash reserves. However, the most feasible and profitable scenario is the one under the pulley system which had the highest benefit cost ratio. Solar pump system had the lowest benefit cost ratio due most likely to high initial investment cost. As for the nutrition, the simulation results show an increase in quantities available to the farm family of all nutrition variables under all alternative scenarios. However, the daily minimum requirements per adult equivalent were met only for calories, proteins, iron and vitamin A but deficiencies were observed for fat and calcium
No evidence for a loss of genetic diversity despite a strong decline in size of a European population of the Corncrake Crex crex
The preservation of genetic diversity is an important aspect of conservation biology. Low genetic diversity within a population can lead to inbreeding depression and a reduction in adaptive potential, which may increase extinction risk. Here we report changes in genetic diversity over 12 years in a declining population of the Corncrake Crex crex, a grassland bird species of high conservation concern throughout Europe. Despite a twofold demographic decline during the same period, we found no evidence for a reduction of genetic diversity. The gradual genetic differentiation observed among populations of Corncrake across Europe suggests that genetic diversity is maintained in western populations by constant gene flow from the larger and more productive populations in eastern Europe and Asia. The maintenance of genetic diversity in this species is an opportunity that may help the implementation of effective conservation actions across the Corncrake's European range
National research on the postgraduate student experience:Case presentation on postgraduate student diversity (Volume 2 of 3)
This is volume two of a set of three case studies that explore the postgraduate student experience. The theme of this case study is postgraduate student diversity and is based on experiences derived from student engagement breakfasts, interviews, and focus groups with 366 people across the stakeholder groups of postgraduate students, educators, and university executives from 26 institutions. The case studies constitute part of the output from the project, Engaging postgraduate students and supporting higher education to enhance the 21st century student experience
Developing and Supporting the Diversity of Chairperson Roles
A monthly Chair Professional Development program at Augusta University provides opportunity to mentor new chairpersons and foster collegiality amongst all chairpersons at a university with both liberal arts and health sciences programs. The merits and challenges of this program that addresses needs of such a diverse group will be highlighte
Praktische Berechnungen zu Kolken an Brücken in den USA / United States Practice for Bridge Scour Analysis
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