Air Deposition of Pollutants to Casco Bay: Field Monitoring and Estimation Protocols

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cbep-presentations/1067/thumbnail.jp

Notes on some cases of pleural effusion occurring in children

Classification:Class I. Pneumococcab:a. Secondary to lobar Pneumonia: General facts | Family History | Previous Health | Present Illnessb. Secondary to broncho-pneumonia: General facts, etc.Class II. Septic: General Facts, etc.Class III. Tuberculous: General Facts, etcSymptoms and Physical Signs of Effusion in all Classes:a. General Appearance | b. Respiratory System | c. Other SystemsCourse, Treatment and Complications:I. Pneumoniccal | II. Septic | III. TuberculousDiagnosis:Differential Diagnosis with Illustrative Cases:Prognosis:Pathology oft effusion:Tables: i. General History of Cases | ii. Symptoms & Physical Signs | iii. Character of effusion | iv. Analysis of Fatal CasesI. Pneumococcal | Septic | III. Tuberculous: Bacteriology; Of lung and pleura; Cases illustrating pathologyReference

Towards the ‘Big Society’: What role for neighbourhood working? Evidence from a comparative European study

Under the New Labour government, the neighbourhood emerged prominently as a site for policy interventions and as a space for civic activity, resulting in the widespread establishment of neighbourhood-level structures for decision-making and service delivery. The future existence and utility of these arrangements is now unclear under the Coalition government's Big Society proposals and fiscal austerity measures. On the one hand, sub-local governance structures might be seen as promoting central-to-local and local-to-community devolution of decision-making. On the other, they might be seen as layers of expensive bureaucracy standing in the way of bottom-up community action. Arguably the current value and future role of these structures in facilitating the Big Society will depend on how they are constituted and with what purpose. There are many local variations. In this paper we look at three case studies, in England, France and the Netherlands, to learn how different approaches to neighbourhood working have facilitated and constrained civic participation and action. Drawing on the work of Lowndes and Sullivan (2008) we show how the achievement of civic objectives can be hampered in structures set up primarily to achieve social, economic and political goals, partly because of (remediable) flaws in civic engagement but partly because of the inherent tensions between these objectives in relation to issues of spatial scale and the constitution and function of neighbourhood structures. The purpose of neighbourhood structures needs to be clearly thought through. We also note a distinction between 'invited' and 'popular' spaces for citizen involvement, the latter being created by citizens themselves. 'Invited' spaces have tended to dominate to date, and the Coalition's agenda suggests a fundamental shift to 'popular' spaces. However we conclude that the Big Society will require neighbourhood working to be both invited and popular. Citizen participation cannot always replace local government - sometimes it requires its support and stimulation. The challenge for local authorities is to reconstitute 'invited' spaces (not to abolish them) and at the same time to facilitate 'popular' spaces for neighbourhood working.Big Society, local government, neighbourhood, neighbourhood management, community

Ways of Seeing Early Modern Decorative Textiles

This article reviews and analyses the activities and findings of an AHRC research network, Ways of Seeing the English Domestic Interior, 1500-1700; the case of decorative textiles (2012-13). Critically evaluating the results of four network events, the paper situates them within a broader investigation of the central role of decorative textiles in shaping the experience of domestic interiors in the past and present. In the first publication of its kind, we explore the historiography and current range of approaches to the study, interpretation, and exhibition of historic textiles and analyse the insights offered by bringing together different disciplinary and professional perspectives. We argue for the key significance of these textiles for both historical and modern perceptions of the domestic interior, and contend that it is necessary to pursue innovative, collaborative, cross-disciplinary approaches to researching them in order to understand how they functioned in the early modern period and to inform new directions for their display and presentation in the present

Protecting mental health in the Age of Anxiety: The context of Valium\u27s development, synthesis, and discovery in the United States, to 1963

This dissertation draws out various facets of the conditions preparing and situating Valium as a marketable substance and cultural entity. It offers one explanation for the widespread prescription and use of Valium in the 1960s. The post-World War II conceptualization of mental health and illness as a spectrum, with the majority of Americans falling between the poles and therefore either neurotic or at risk, heightened interest in mental health. Increased availability of health insurance brought more Americans to their physicians. National programs - establishment of the National Institutes of Mental Health, the Hill-Burton Act, and formation of a Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health through the 1955 Mental Health Study Act - recognized widespread support for programs to increase the number of mental health practitioners and facilities focused on neuroses, personality disorders, and outpatients in general. Popular theories, including Walter Cannon\u27s homeostasis and Hans Selye\u27s General-Adaptation-Syndrome, promoted the idea that stress, and response to it, were among the most important aspects of health. The American public increased its demands for mental health services. Interplay between these conditions promoted use of psychopharmaceuticals. They were quick to prescribe and therefore allowed doctors to see more patients each day. They somaticized mental illness, bringing it within the boundaries of traditional medical insurance coverage. They did not cure an illness; they reduced symptoms and therefore either allowed the body to recover, or in an ongoing fashion prevented immature personalities from reaction to stresses in a manner leading to more serious medical problems. In the 1950s, it became possible to screen chemicals for a tranquilizer. The expense of creating and treating experimental neuroses in animals to screen chemical compounds was prohibitive. Yet these experiments informed pharmacologists; they could identify antineurotic or tranquilizing drugs through physical manifestations. With availability of antibiotics, pharmaceutical industries could keep fairly healthy populations of mice, rats, cats, and monkeys for testing. Chlorpromazine\u27s discovery and introduction into institutional psychiatry, around 1953, set out the basic features defining a tranquilizer. By 1958, pharmacologists had the ability and expectations required to inject a mouse with diazepam, check if it rolled off an inclined screen and, observing the tumbling rodent, recognize the ingested molecule was a potentially marketable tranquilizer. Valium\u27s development and discovery took place when tranquilizers were new and held out promise as mental health prophylactics, mild sedatives, and safe hypnotics. Mild mental illness needed rapid, effective, and fairly inexpensive treatment. Faced with patients undergoing severe or ongoing stress, doctors turned to anxiety-reducing drugs in order to prevent psychosomatic mechanisms resulting leading to any of a dozen physical illnesses. Compared with earlier alternatives - barbiturates, alcohol, major tranquilizers - Valium was safe, nonaddicting, and had few if any dangerous side effects

Claiming veganism and vegan geographies

A decade ago, veganism was a fringe radical movement. It was also largely absent from the geographical discipline, despite a rich history of vegan scholarship being present in disciplines such as Sociology and Psychology. However, veganism has recently seen a surge in popularity, with more people than ever before becoming vegan for a mixture of animal welfare, environmental, and health-based reasons. With this mainstreaming, veganism has become contentious and fiercely defended. As veganism has become a growing social and political force, geographers have started to take notice of this previously fringe movement, which is gaining economic, ecological, and cultural power as investment flows into ‘plant-based’ products and new markets are emerging. In this commentary, we look at how veganism has recently been taken up in Geography via several distinct trends that all stake a claim in defining an emerging geographical sub-discipline, vegan geographies. We note the importance of scholarly pluralism and attention to establishing geographical sub-disciplines more broadly

Working with Overdose Lifeline to Influence State Policy: Syringe Decriminalization, Senate Bill 11, and A Day of Advocacy

Poster Presentation for Capstone CourseOur Capstone group worked with Overdose Lifeline, an Indianapolis non-profit group that advocates for increased harm reduction solutions to prevent overdose deaths and disease transmission. On January 3, 2019, Sen. Mike Bohacek and Sen. James Merritt introduced Senate Bill 11, which acted to amend current Syringe Exchange Program (SEP) legislation. Specifically, SB 11 proposed to “establish and maintain a syringe exchange program registry” that would track SEP participants statewide. The bill required a “qualified entity” to create a database that contains SEP participant names, dates of birth, last four of SSNs, and other identifying information to be determined, but did not name that entity and left many other questions unanswered

Australian 15-year-old students living in an integrated world

Global competence is defined in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) as a multidimensional capacity that encompasses the ability to examine issues of local, global and cultural significance; understand and appreciate the perspectives and worldviews of others; engage in open, appropriate and effective interactions across cultures; and take action for collective well-being and sustainable development (OECD, 2020). This report focuses on aspects of the global competence module in the PISA 2018 Student Questionnaire and the School Questionnaire. It examines aspects of data collected from student and principal self-reports from the Australian perspective. This report focuses on the similarities between students in Australia and a number of participating countries and economies, referred to as comparison countries, and similarly differences between principals in Australia and comparison countries. It also focuses on differences between students and in Australian states and territories, and between students from different demographic groups, regarding their attitudes, learning opportunities at school. The report also covers aspects of global competence from the perspective of schools and how schools promote global competence

Design for public policy: Embracing uncertainty and hybridity in mapping future research

Addressing contemporary public policy challenges requires new thinking and new practice. Therefore, there is a renewed sense of urgency to critically assess the potential of the emerging field of ‘design for policy’. On the one hand, design ap- proaches are seen as bringing new capacities for problem-solving to public policy de- velopment. On the other, the attendant risks posed to effective and democratic policy making are unclear, partly because of a limited evidence base. The paper synthesises recent contributions in design research, policy studies, political science and democratic theory which have examined the uses of design for public policy making. Mapping out areas of debate building on studies of design from policy studies and from within de- sign research, we suggest promising directions for future crossdisciplinary research in a context of uncertainty